So woahu bo bi a wɔfrɛ no ‘Calcium’ pɛn bere a worehwɛ mogya ho amanneɛbɔ? Yɛn nyinaa nim sɛnea calcium ye ma nnompe ne sẽ. Nanso ɛtɔ da bi a wo duruyɛfo betumi abisa sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu titiriw bi a wɔfrɛ no "Ionized Calcium" sen sɛ wɔbɛyɛ calcium nhwehwɛmu daa. Afei yesusuw sɛ, "Dɛn ne ɛno? So ɛnyɛ calcium koro no ara?" Nokwarem no, nsonsonoe ketewaa bi wɔ abien yi ntam, nanso ɛho hia yiye. Ɛnnɛ, momma yɛnka saa ɔbran a ɔho hia paa wɔ yɛn nipadua mu a wɔfrɛ no "ionized calcium" yi ho asɛm.
Dɛn ne Ionized Calcium?
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, eyi ne calcium a "free" anaasɛ "active" a ɛwɔ yɛn mogya mu. Susuw ho hwɛ, calcium a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu nyinaa mu 99% wɔ yɛn nnompe ne yɛn sẽ mu. Ɛte sɛ sika a ɛwɔ sikakorabea. 1% a aka no di akɔneaba wɔ mogya no mu.
Afei, wɔ saa calcium 1% a ɛwɔ mogya no mu yi mu no, emu bi kyekyere protein ahorow (titiriw albumin), anaasɛ "alloyed." Yɛfrɛ eyi "calcium a wɔakyekyere." Saa ɔfã yi nyɛ adwuma, te sɛ obi a ɔte benkyi so wɔ bɔs gyinabea. Ɛwɔ hɔ ara, ɛnyɛ hwee.
Ɔfã foforo no ne ɔfã a ɛkyinkyini mogya no mu "wɔ ahofadi mu" a ɛnkyekyere protein biara. Saa ɔfã a ɛwɔ ahofadi, a ɛyɛ adwuma yi ne nea yɛfrɛ no ionized calcium anaa "free calcium." Ɛyɛ saa calcium a wontua hwee yi na ɛyɛ adwuma no ankasa wɔ nipadua no mu, na ɛboa ma nneɛma a ɛho hia sen biara no yɛ adwuma. Saa ɔfa yi yɛ bɛyɛ 50% wɔ calcium nyinaa mu.
Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ, ɛyɛ saa calcium a ionized yi na ɛyɛ nnwuma atitiriw a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu, te sɛ ntini mu nkrasɛm a ɛde kɔ, ntini a ɛtwetwe, ne koma no bɔ.
Dɛn nti na ionized calcium ho hia yɛn nipadua saa?
Ɛwom sɛ calcium a enni mu dodow sua de, nanso ne dwumadi nyɛ nea ɛho nhia. Ɛho hia na ama nhyehyɛe atitiriw pii a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no ayɛ adwuma yiye.
- Ntini: Ntini de nkrasɛm fi yɛn amemene mu kɔ nipadua no fã a aka no mu. Te sɛ nea anyinam ahoɔden fa waya bi so no ara pɛ. Calcium a wɔde ion ayɛ ho hia na ama saa nkrasɛm ahorow yi atumi atu kwan yiye.
- Ntini: Yɛde yɛn ntini kankan yɛn nsa ne yɛn nan, nantew, na yɛma nneɛma so. Saa ntini ahorow yi nyinaa hia saa calcium a wontua hwee yi na ama wɔatumi atwetwe na wɔagye wɔn ahome. Koma no nso yɛ ntini soronko bi. Eyi ho hia yiye sɛ ɛbɛbɔ wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata so.
- Koma: Eyi boa ma koma no bɔ na ɛbɔ yiye.
- Mogya a ɛtwetwe:Sɛ yɛwɔ kuru wɔ baabi na mogya retu yɛn a, adeyɛ bi a ɛyɛ den kɔ so ma mogya no gyae. Ade a ɛho hia yiye wɔ saa adeyɛ no mu ne saa calcium a wɔde ion ayɛ yi.
Dɛn nti na wosrɛ eyi mmom sen sɛ wobɛyɛ calcium nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa no?
Eyi yɛ asɛmmisa a eye paa. Calcium nhwehwɛmu a wɔtaa yɛ no susuw calcium dodow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu nyinaa. Ɛne sɛ, "akyekye" ne "free" afã horow no nyinaa nyinaa a wɔaka abom.
Nanso, nsɛm bi wɔ hɔ a obi mogya mu protein (albumin) dodow sua. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ebia obi a ɔyare paa, obi a ɔwɔ asaabo mu yare, anaa obi a ɔwɔ mmerɛbo mu yare no protein dodow a ɛba fam. Afei, calcium dodow a ɛkyekyere protein no nso so tew. Enti, sɛ wohwɛ wɔn "Total Calcium" dodow a, ebia ɛbɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛsom bo a ɛba fam.
Nanso ebia calcium "free" (ionized calcium) dodow a ɛreyɛ adwuma ankasa wɔ ne nipadua mu no yɛ nea ɛfata. Afei, sɛ wugyina calcium nyinaa amanneɛbɔ nkutoo so si gyinae a, ebia ɛbɛyɛ mfomso. Wɔ tebea horow a ɛtete saa mu no, nnuruyɛfo bisa sɛ wɔnyɛ ionized calcium nhwehwɛmu na ama wɔahu calcium a ɛyɛ adwuma dodow pɔtee a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu.
Tebea atitiriw a oduruyɛfo betumi abisa nhwehwɛmu yi bi ni:
- Sɛ protein (titiriw albumin) dodow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu no nyɛ nea ɛfata a.
- Wɔ obi a ɔyare denneennen na wɔde saline (IV nsu) rema no ntini mu fam no.
- Wɔ obi a ɔresiesie ne ho ama oprehyɛn kɛse no fam.
- Wɔ obi a wɔtaa de mogya ma no fam.
- Hwɛ ɛnanom a wɔyem ne mmofra a wɔawo wɔn foforo tebea so.
- Bere a wosusuw sɛ dwensɔtwaa mu yare a emu yɛ den no.
- Sɛ adwenem naayɛ bi wɔ hɔ sɛ yare bi wɔ parathyroid ntini no mu a.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobetumi asiesie wɔn ho ama sɔhwɛ no?
Wɔtaa ka kyerɛ wo sɛ mmuada bɛyɛ nnɔnhwerew 6 ansa na wɔayɛ sɔhwɛ no. Ɛnyɛ hwee sɛ wobɛnom nsu kakra. Ɛho hia nso sɛ woka nnuru, vitamin, ne nnuru a wɔde ka wo ho a worenom nyinaa ho asɛm kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo. Nnuru bi betumi aka nea efi nhwehwɛmu yi mu ba, enti ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ gyae nom da a edi nhwehwɛmu no anim. Nanso kae sɛ, nnyae nnuru biara a wobɛnom da a wunnya wo duruyɛfo afotu.
Dɛn ne ionized calcium dodow a ɛfata?
Saa gyinapɛn ahorow yi betumi ayɛ soronko kakra a egyina lab a ɛyɛ sɔhwɛ no so. Bere nyinaa fa wo bo toto "Normal Range" a ɛwɔ w'amanneɛbɔ no so no ho.
| Mfe a wɔadi | Nneɛma a ɛkɔ so daa (mg/dL) . | Nneɛma a ɛkɔ so daa (mmol/L) . |
|---|---|---|
| Nkokoaa a wɔawo wɔn foforo | 4.8 – 5.3 mg/dL na ɛyɛ adwuma | 1.20 – 1.32 mmol/L na ɛyɛ adwuma |
| Mmɔfra | 4.8 – 5.5 mg/dL na ɛyɛ adwuma | 1.20 – 1.38 mmol/L na ɛyɛ adwuma |
| Mpanyimfo | 4.6 – 5.3 mg/dL na ɛyɛ adwuma | 1.15 – 1.32 mmol/L na ɛyɛ adwuma |
Sɛ ionized calcium dodow so tew a (Hypocalcemia) .
Calcium a ɛyɛ adwuma a ɛwɔ mogya no mu (a wɔfrɛ no aduruyɛ mu sɛ hypocalcemia) a ɛso tew no betumi afi aduruyɛ mu tebea horow mu aba.
- Hypoparathyroidism: Tebea a ɛma parathyroid ntini a ɛwɔ kɔn mu no ntumi nyɛ hormone (PTH) a ɛhwɛ calcium so wɔ nipadua no mu no sɛnea ɛsɛ.
- Pancreatitis: Pancreatitis a ɛyɛ hyew.
- Vitamin D a enni nipadua mu: Vitamin D ho hia na nipadua no atumi atwe calcium afi aduan mu.
- Asaabo a entumi nyɛ adwuma yiye.
- Aduan a wɔmfa nni dwuma yiye.
- Rickets yare a ɛwɔ mmofra mu.
Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi ayɛ mmerɛw
Sɛ calcium dodow so tew a, sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow betumi ada adi.
| Su ahorow a ɛwɔ hɔ | Nsɛnkyerɛnne a wɔada no adi |
|---|---|
| Ntini ne ntini ahorow a ɛfa ho | Ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, akwaa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw ne ano a atwa ho ahyia, a ɛyɛ mmerɛw. |
| Adwene ne amemene ho asɛm | Nkae a ɛyera, adwene a ɛyɛ basaa, adwenemhaw. |
| Nneɛma afoforo a ɛwom | Nnadewa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw na ɛnyɛ den sɛ ebebubu, honam ani yɛ kusuu. |
Sɛ ɛso tew a, dɛn na woyɛ?
Wo duruyɛfo bedi kan ahu nea ɛde calcium dodow a ɛba fam no ba. Afei, bere a wɔresa saa ade a ɛde ba no, wobefi ase ayɛ ayaresa de ama wo calcium dodow asan ayɛ nea ɛfata.
- Calcium a wɔde ma
- Vitamin D a wɔde ma
- Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wɔde calcium gluconate a wɔde twitwiw ntini bi mu
- Parathyroid hormone (PTH) a wɔde si ananmu
Nea ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wo duruyɛfo besi ayaresa yi ho gyinae. Ɔbɛkyerɛ wo nea eye ma wo ne bere tenten a ɛsɛ sɛ wode di dwuma. Mma nnkɔ nnurutɔnbea da na ntɔ calcium nnuru a w’ankasa wopɛ.
Sɛ ionized calcium dodow kɔ soro a (Hypercalcemia) .
Calcium a ɛyɛ adwuma dodow a ɛkɔ soro wɔ mogya no mu (a wɔfrɛ no hypercalcemia wɔ nnuruyɛ mu) nso yɛ tebea a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔhwɛ so yiye.
- Hyperparathyroidism: Ntini a parathyroid ntini no yɛ dodo.
- Hyperthyroidism: Thyroid ntini a ɛyɛ adwuma boro so.
- Kokoram ahorow bi: Sɛ nhwɛso no, multiple myeloma, mogya mu kokoram.
- Paget yare a ɛwɔ dompe mu.
- Vitamin D a ɛboro so wɔ nipadua no mu.
Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛkɔ soro
Sɛ calcium dodow kɔ soro mpo a, yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne pii betumi ada adi.
| Su ahorow a ɛwɔ hɔ | Nsɛnkyerɛnne a wɔada no adi |
|---|---|
| Nipadua no su ahorow a ɛwɔ hɔ nyinaa | Ɔbrɛ a ɛtra so, tiyɛ, akisikuru ne ɔfe, aduan ho akɔnnɔ a ɛyera. |
| Nnuan a wɔyam | Akisikuru, yafunu mu yaw. |
| Nea ɛfa asaabo ho | Nsu a wɔtaa tow, sukɔm a ɛboro so. |
| Nnompe ne ntini ahorow | Nnompe mu yaw, ntini mu yaw anaa mmerɛwyɛ. |
| Adwenem | Nkae a ɛyera, adwenemhaw. |
Sɛ ɛkɔ soro a, dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛyɛ?
Sɛ woresa calcium dodow a ɛkɔ soro a, ɛho hia sɛ wudi kan hu nea ɛde ba. Ɛsono akwan a wɔfa so sa yare no gyina nea ɛde ba no so.
- Nnuru a ɛhwɛ sɛnea parathyroid ntini no yɛ adwuma so (Calcimimetics).
- Nnuru a ɛhyɛ nnompe mu den na ɛtew calcium a ɛwɔ mogya mu (Bisphosphonates).
- Sɛ vitamin D a ɛdɔɔso na ɛde tebea yi ba a, wobetumi akyerɛw nnuru te sɛ prednisone ama obi.
- Sɛ tebea no mu yɛ den a, ebia ɛho behia sɛ wɔde no kɔ ayaresabea na wɔde nkyene (IV nsu) fa ntini mu.
- Sɛ efi biribi te sɛ parathyroid gland tumor a, wobetumi de oprehyɛn (parathyroidectomy) ayi afi hɔ.
Wɔnam nea ɛde calcium a ɛkɔ soro no ba a wohu so nso na ɛkyerɛ saa ayaresa yi. Mma nnyɛ biribiara a wo duruyɛfo nka ho afotu. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a eyi betumi ayɛ aduruyɛ mu asɛm a egye ntɛmpɛ.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Ionized Calcium yɛ calcium fã a "free" na "active" wɔ yɛn mogya mu. Ɛho hia ma yɛn nipadua mu dwumadi ahorow a ɛho hia sen biara no pii.
- Bere a calcium nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa kyerɛ calcium dodow a ɛwɔ mu nyinaa no, calcium sɔhwɛ a wɔde ion ayɛ no ma yehu calcium dodow a ɛyɛ adwuma ankasa wɔ nipadua no mu no yiye.
- Saa sɔhwɛ yi ho hia titiriw wɔ ayaresa tebea horow a emu yɛ den, asaabo mu yare, ne ansa na wɔayɛ oprehyɛn mu.
- Saa calcium dodow a ɛba fam anaa ɛkɔ soro yi betumi ayɛ aduruyɛ mu tebea bi a ɛda adi ho sɛnkyerɛnne.
- Bere nyinaa wo ne wo duruyɛfo nsusuw nea efii wo nhwehwɛmu no mu bae ne ayaresa biara ho. Nsa wo ho yare anaasɛ nnyae nnuru nom da.
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