Ebia obi a ɔwɔ w’abusua mu anya kokoram wɔ akyi berɛmo mu. Anaasɛ so wo duruyɛfo aka akyerɛ wo nnansa yi sɛ wowɔ polyps bi wɔ wo dwensɔtwaa mu? Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte ehu ne dadwen nka bere a wote biribi a ɛte sɛɛ no. Nanso sɛ yenim nea ɛde ba ankasa a, yebetumi ate sɛnea yebedi ho dwuma no ase. Ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka awosu mu tebea bi a ebetumi de saa tebea horow yi aba, nanso wɔnka ho asɛm pii wɔ ɔmanfo mu ho asɛm. Ɛno ne MAP.
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, dɛn ne MAP (MUTYH-Associated Polyposis)?
MAP, anaa `(MUTYH-Associated Polyposis)` yɛ awosu mu tebea a ɛntaa nsi koraa, a wonya fi awo mu. Eyi ne bere a nyini nketenkete a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so, anaa ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, nyin wɔ yɛn nipadua mu, titiriw wɔ aduan mu. Wɔ aduruyɛ mu no, yɛfrɛ eyinom `(Polyps)`.
Afei ebia woresusuw sɛ, "Oh me Nyankopɔn, so polyps a wowɔ no kyerɛ kokoram?" Dabi, saa polyps yi nyɛ kokoram. Nanso, adeɛ a ɛho hia ne sɛ, yeinom bi, sɛ yɛansa wɔn yareɛ yie, sɛ yɛannyi a, wɔ hokwan kɛseɛ sɛ wɔbɛdane kokoram berɛ kɔ so.
Saa ``Polyps`` yi taa ba obi a ɔwɔ MAP nipadua mu:
- Colon
- Rectum a ɛwɔ akyi berɛmo mu
- Dwensɔtwaa ketewaa bi
- Yafunu
So MAP a wobenya no yɛ kokoram ho asiane?
Yiw, asɛmmisa yi ho mmuae a ɛyɛ nokware ne "yiw." Obi a ɔwɔ MAP no wɔ asiane kɛse sɛ obenya kokoram a ɛwɔ akyi berɛmo mu sen onipa a ɔte saa. Nokwarem no, nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi ada no adi sɛ nnipa a wodi kan hu sɛ wɔwɔ MAP no mu bɛyɛ fã wɔ kokoram a ɛwɔ wɔn akyi berɛmo mu dedaw.
Saa kokoram ahorow yi taa pue bere a wɔadi mfe 40 kosi 60. Nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebetumi aba ntɛm mpo. Afei nso, wɔ kokoram a ɛwɔ akyi berɛmo mu akyi no, asiane bi wɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya kokoram a ɛwɔ akyi berɛmo mu ne kokoram ahorow afoforo a ɛwɔ aduan mu no akyi.
Nanso nnsuro eyi. Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wubehu asiane a ɛwɔ mu no na woadi kan ayɛ nneɛma a ɛho hia de asiw ano.
So ebetumi aba sɛ wo ne tebea yi bɛtra ase sɛnea ɛsɛ?
Akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛte saa. Eyi ne ade a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae. Nnipa dodow no ara a wɔwɔ MAP betumi abɔ asetra a ɛfata, apɔwmuden, a edi mũ. Nanso ahintasɛm biako wɔ saa asɛm no mu. Ɛno ne sɛ wobehu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ntɛm na wɔayɛ kokoram ho nhwehwɛmu daa.
Saa nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi hu polyps a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no na woyi fi hɔ ansa na adan kokoram. Saa a wɔbɛyɛ no betumi atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya kokoram no so kɛse.
Dɛn ne MAP tebea no ho sɛnkyerɛnne?
Ɛha na nnipa pii adwene tu fra. Nsɛnkyerɛnne biara nni hɔ a wubetumi ahu anaa woate nka wɔ abɔnten, a ɛyɛ soronko wɔ MAP ho. Sɛ wowɔ polyps pii wɔ wo yafunu mu mpo a, ebia worente ɛyaw anaasɛ wo ho nyɛ wo dɛ biara mfi mu.
Enti, `(Polyps)` a ɛwɔ hɔ no nkutoo nyɛ ade pa a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wowɔ MAP. Nneɛma pii nti na ɛte saa:
- Nnipa pii wɔ polyps nanso wonni MAP. Polyps nso betumi ayɛ kɛse esiane akwahosan tebea afoforo nti.
- Awosu mu nyarewa afoforo wɔ hɔ a ɛde `(Polyps)` ba te sɛ MAP. Nhwɛsoɔ ne `(Abusua Adenomatous Polyposis - FAP)`.
- Ɛtɔ da bi a, sɛ wohu sɛ obi a ɔwɔ MAP a, ebia onni ``polyp'' biako mpo wɔ wɔn nipadua mu.
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, awosu mu nhwehwɛmu nkutoo na ebetumi ahu sɛ ebia wowɔ MAP, FAP, anaa tebea foforo bi.
Dɛn nti na saa MAP yi hyehyɛ? Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔde fa awo ntoatoaso ahorow mu?
MAP fi nsakrae, anaa mutation, wɔ gene bi a wɔfrɛ no `MUTYH` (a wɔsan frɛ no MYH) mu. Fa no sɛ yɛn nipadua no yɛ aduannoa ho nhoma kɛse, na awosu mu nneɛma ne aduannoa ho nyansahyɛ ahorow a ɛwɔ mu. Sɛ nkyerɛwde biako a ɛwɔ `MUTYH` aduannoa mu no yɛ mfomso a, ade a ɛyɛ no rennyɛ adwuma yiye. MAP te saa.
Yɛfrɛ saa tebea yi a wonya fii awo mu sɛ ``autosomal recessive.'' Eyi kyerɛ sɛ sɛ wubenya saa tebea yi a, ɛsɛ sɛ wunya saa awosu mu abɔde a mfomso wom yi fi wo maame ne wo papa nyinaa hɔ, kyerɛ sɛ, efi awofo baanu no nyinaa hɔ.
Fa no sɛ onipa biako pɛ na wunyaa saa awosu mu abɔde a ɛnteɛ yi. Sɛ nhwɛso no, efi wo maame nkutoo hɔ. Afei worennya MAP yare no. Nanso wɔfrɛ wo MAP "carrier". Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wowɔ awosu mu abɔde a mfomso wom, nanso wunni yare no. Sɛ woyɛ obi a ɔde nneɛma kɔ a, wubetumi de saa awosu mu abɔde yi akɔma wo mma no mu biako.
Wɔbu akontaa sɛ wiase nnipa dodoɔ firi 1% kɔsi 2% yɛ MAP soafoɔ. Wɔn a wɔde kokoram kɔ no nso wɔ asiane a ɛkɔ soro kakra sɛ wobenya kokoram wɔ wɔn akyi berɛmo mu sen nnipa dodow no ara, nanso ɛnyɛ kɛse te sɛ obi a ɔwɔ MAP.
Sɛ awofo baanu no nyinaa yɛ MAP soafo a, dɛn na ɛba mmofra no so?
Eyi yɛ mmerɛw yiye sɛ yɛbɛte ase. Sɛ awofo baanu no nyinaa yɛ asoafo a, nneɛma abiɛsa na ebetumi aba ama abofra biara a wɔwo no.
| Kwan | Nsunsuansoɔ |
|---|---|
| Hokwan 4 biara mu 1 (25%) . | Abofra no nnya awosu mu nkwaadɔm a mfomso biara nni ho. Wei kyerɛ sɛ abofra no nni MAP yareɛ, na saa ara nso na ɔnyɛ obi a ɔsoa. |
| Hokwan 4 biara mu 2 (50%) . | Abofra no yɛ obi a ɔsoa nneɛma . Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wonni yare no, nanso wɔwɔ tumi a wɔde bɛma wɔn mma daakye. |
| Hokwan 4 biara mu 1 (25%) . | Abofra no nya awosu mu abɔde a ɛnteɛ no fi awofo baanu no nyinaa hɔ. Abofra yi benya MAP yare no . |
Mɛyɛ dɛn ahu sɛ mewɔ MAP anaa?
Mpɛn pii no, wɔde anammɔn pii na ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya MAP.
1. Abusua aduruyɛ ho abakɔsɛm: Nea edi kan no, wo duruyɛfo bebisa w’abusua akwahosan ho abakɔsɛm. Nea ɛka eyi ho ne kokoram anaa ayaresa tebea afoforo biara a ɛwɔ w’awofo, wo nananom, ne wo nuanom mu.
2. Awosu mu Nhwehwɛmu: Sɛ wo duruyɛfo susuw sɛ awosu mu tebea bi wɔ hɔ a egyina w’abusua abakɔsɛm so a, ebia ɔde wo bɛkɔ akɔyɛ awosu mu nhwehwɛmu. Saa sɔhwɛ yi betumi akyerɛ sɛ wowɔ nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae wɔ `MUTYH` awosu mu abɔde mu anaa awosu mu tebea afoforo a ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya kokoram no yɛ kɛse anaa.
Mpɛn pii no oduruyɛfo bɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ awosu mu nhwehwɛmu wɔ nsɛm a edidi so yi mu:
- Sɛ obi wɔ w’abusua mu a ɔwɔ awosu mu nyarewa te sɛ MAP anaa FAP a.
- Sɛ w’abusua no mufo pii anya kokoram wɔ wɔn akyi berɛmo mu a.
- Wo nuanom mmarima anaa mmea no mu biako wɔ polyps pii wɔ wɔn akyi berɛmo mu, nanso wɔn awofo nni bi (eyi ma adwenem naayɛ sɔre sɛ ebia awofo no yɛ wɔn a wɔsoa nneɛma).
Sɛ awosu mu nhwehwɛmu no si so dua sɛ wowɔ MAP anaasɛ woyɛ obi a ɔde nneɛma kɔ a, wo duruyɛfo no ne wo bɛkasa akɔ akyiri afa anammɔn a edi hɔ ne nhwehwɛmu ahorow a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ de bɔ wo ho ban fi kokoram ho no ho. Ɛho hia paa nso sɛ wobɛka saa nsɛm yi akyerɛ w’abusua mufo a aka no, efisɛ sɛ wɔpɛ a, ɛbɛboa wɔn ma wɔayɛ sɔhwɛ.
Ayaresa ne dwumadie a wɔde ma MAP
Mprempren "aduru" biara nni hɔ a wɔde bɛma awosu mu nsakrae a ɛde MAP ba no. Nanso, sɔhwɛ ne ayaresa pii wɔ hɔ a ebetumi aboa yɛn ma yɛasiw kokoram ano, anaasɛ yɛahu kokoram na yɛasa no ntɛm ara.
Sɛ wowɔ MAP a, ebia ɛho behia sɛ woyɛ kokoram ho nhwehwɛmu ntɛm na wotaa yɛ sen onipa a ɔte saa.
| Screening Sɔhwɛ | Nkyerɛkyerɛmu ne nyansahyɛ ahorow |
|---|---|
| Colonoscopy a wɔde hwɛ nipadua no mu | Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wode afiri a ɛyɛ tratraa a mfoninitwa afiri abata ho bɛhwehwɛ wo dwensɔtwaa ne wo akyi berɛmo mu. Eyi ne ɔkwan a eye sen biara a wobɛfa so ahu polyps a ɛwɔ wo dwensɔtwaa mu na woayi afi hɔ . Mpɛn pii no wɔkamfo kyerɛ sɛ wubefi sɔhwɛ yi ase bere a woadi mfe 20 anaa 10 ansa na mfe a wosua sen biara a obi a ɔwɔ w’abusua mu nyaa kokoram wɔ w’abusua mu, nea edi kan biara. |
| Atifi Endoscopy a Wɔde Yɛ Adwuma | Saa sɔhwɛ yi hwehwɛ wo yafunu ne wo dwensɔtwaa ketewaa a ɛwɔ soro no mu de hwehwɛ polyps na woyi fi hɔ. Wɔtaa kamfo kyerɛ sɛ wofi sɔhwɛ yi ase bɛyɛ mfe 25. |
Nneɛma afoforo a ɛsɛ sɛ wuhu bere a woredi tebea yi ho dwuma no
So metumi asiw eyi ano na ansi me mma so?
Ɔkwan biara nni hɔ a wɔbɛfa so asiw nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae a ɛba MUTYH awosu mu abɔde mu no ano. Nanso, akwan horow bi wɔ hɔ a wɔboa ma wɔwo a ebetumi atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ daakye abofra benya MAP afi awo mu no so. Nhwɛso bi ne adeyɛ bi a wɔfrɛ no preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) a wɔde in vitro fertilization (IVF) yɛ. Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wɔbɛsɔ awotwaa no ahwɛ sɛ ebia awosu mu nyarewa bi wɔ hɔ ansa na wɔde ahyɛ ɛna no awotwaa mu. Nanso, eyi yɛ gyinaesi a emu yɛ den yiye, wɔ sikasɛm ne nkate fam nyinaa. Sɛ w’ani gye eyi ho a, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wo ne awo mu ntini ho ɔbenfo a ɔfata bɛkasa.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobɛkɔ so ayɛ den wɔ adwene mu?
Sɛ wuhu sɛ asiane kɛse wom sɛ wubenya kokoram a, ebia wobɛte dadwen, ehu, ne adwenemhaw mpo. Eyi yɛ ade a ɛfata. Nanso mmɔ mmɔden sɛ wo nkutoo bedi saa nkate horow yi ho dwuma. Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nka ho asɛm. Ɔkasa mu ayaresa ne sɛ ɛho hia a, nnuru wɔ hɔ.
Afei nso, sɛ wobɛtumi akɔka mmoa akuo a wobɛtumi ne nnipa a wɔanya suahunu a ɛte saa ara akasa a, ɛbɛyɛ mmoa kɛseɛ. Kae sɛ ɛnyɛ wo nko ara.
Ebetumi ayɛ den sɛ wubehu sɛ wowɔ awosu mu tebea bi a ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya kokoram no yɛ kɛse. Nanso ɛnyɛ wo nko ara. W’akwahosan kuw a nnuruyɛfo ka ho wɔ ha sɛ wɔbɛboa wo ma woafa w’akwahosan ho asodi. Ɛdenam nnɛyi akwan a ɛkɔ akyiri a wɔfa so sɔ kokoram so no, sɛ ɛba ampa a, wobetumi atew kokoram so kɛse na wɔahu no ntɛm.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- MAP yɛ awosu mu tebea a efi awo ntoatoaso so kɔ awo ntoatoaso so. Ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya kokoram wɔ akyi berɛmo mu no yɛ kɛse.
- Nsɛnkyerɛnne pɔtee biara nni tebea yi ho. Ɔkwan biako pɛ a wobɛfa so ahu no yiye sɛ wowɔ MAP ne awosu mu nhwehwɛmu.
- Sɛ obi wɔ w’abusua mu wɔ kokoram anaa polyps a, hwɛ hu sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa afa ho.
- Sɛ wohu sɛ wowɔ MAP a, ɔkwan a eye sen biara a wobɛfa so asiw kokoram ano ne sɛ wobɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu daa, te sɛ colonoscopy ne endoscopy, sɛnea wo duruyɛfo kamfo kyerɛ no.
- Sɛ wohwɛ wo wɔ aduruyɛ mu yiye na wosɔ wo hwɛ a, wubetumi atra ase a edi mũ na apɔwmuden.
- Mma nnhyia adwennwen a ɛba bere a wɔahu yare te sɛ eyi nkutoo no. Hwehwɛ aduruyɛ ne adwene mu mmoa sɛ ɛho hia a.
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