So wo X-ray no daa ‘nodule’ bi adi wɔ w’ahurututu mu? (Pulmonary Nodule) - Mma ɛnhaw wo, momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm!

Ebia wɔayɛ wo koko X-ray anaa CT scan de ahu yare foforo bi, ebia biribi te sɛ ɔfe a ɛkɔ so daa. Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte ehu ne dadwen pii nka bere a wuhu "pulmonary nodule" wɔ amanneɛbɔ no so no. Ebia wubesusuw ntɛm ara sɛ, "Oo me Nyankopɔn, so eyi yɛ kokoram?" Nanso ade a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ meka kyerɛ wo ne sɛ saa akuru yi mu dodow no ara nyɛ kokoram . Enti mommma yɛnnsuro, na mmom momma yɛnkɔ asɛm no so tẽẽ.

Dɛn ne ahurututu mu ntini?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, eyi yɛ ‘beae’ anaa ‘akuru’ ketewaa bi a ɛwɔ w’ahurututu mu. Sɛ wɔde X-ray anaa CT scan hwɛ a, saa akuru yi da nsow pefee wɔ ahurututu mu ntini a ɛte apɔw a atwa ho ahyia no ho. Ɛte sɛ nkekae ketewaa bi a ɛwɔ atade fitaa bi so. Ɛyɛ awosu sɛ wobɛhaw wo ho bere a amanneɛbɔ bi ka akisikuru ho asɛm no, nanso kae sɛ eyinom mu dodow no ara yɛ nea ɛnyɛ hu, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ tebea horow a ɛnyɛ kokoram.

Ɛtɔ da bi a, sɛ wuhu nsɛmfua "ground glass opacity" wɔ w'amanneɛbɔ so a, mma wo ho nnyɛ wo hu. Eyi kyerɛ sɛnea akuru no te. Ɛkyerɛ sɛ akuru no te sɛ ahwehwɛ a wusiw wom, na ɛkame ayɛ sɛ wuntumi nhu mu. Nkuruwankuruwa bi yɛ den, na wontumi mfa mu nhu biribiara. Saa sɛnea ɛte yi betumi ama oduruyɛfo no anya sɛnea akisikuru no te ho adwene bi.

Saa akuru yi abu so dɛn?

Eyinom abu so sen sɛnea ebia wubesusuw. Nokwarem no, bɛyɛ nnipa baasa biara mu biako a wɔyɛ wɔn koko CT mfonini no benya akisikuru ketewaa bi te sɛ eyi wɔ wɔn amanneɛbɔ so. Saa na tebea yi abu so. Enti ɛnyɛ wo nko ara, ɛyɛ nnipa afoforo pii a wobenya eyi wɔ wɔn amanneɛbɔ so.

So eyinom de yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne bi ba?

Mpɛn pii no, ahurututu mu ntini nketenkete mfa sɛnkyerɛnne biara mma. Wɔtaa hu wɔn wɔ akwanhyia mu bere a wɔreyɛ sɔhwɛ bi esiane biribi foforo nti. Nanso, sɛ ntini no sõ na ɛrepiapia baabi te sɛ mframa afiri no, anaasɛ ɛyɛ kokoram a, sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow bi betumi aba.

Dɛn nti na saa akuru yi ba ahurututu no mu?

Nneɛma pii nti na ahurututu mu ntini betumi ayɛ. Ebetumi afi nneɛma ahorow mu aba, a nea ɛka ho ne ɔyare mmoawa, nneɛma nketenkete a ɛhyɛn nipadua no mu, nyarewa a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa, akuru (akuru) a ɛwɔ ahurututu mu, ne kokoram.

Nneɛma atitiriw a enti ɛte saa no bi ni:

• Granulomas a ɛde ɔyare mmoawa ba: Eyinom ne akisikuru a ɛnyɛ kokoram a ɛtaa ba. Saa akuru yi tumi ba ahurututu mu esiane ɔyare mmoawa te sɛ nsamanwaw a abu so wɔ yɛn man yi mu, anaasɛ fungal yare bi nti. Saa akuru yi (Granulomas) ba bere a nipadua no mu nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no bom ko tia ɔyare mmoawa no.
• Granulomas a ɛnyɛ ɔyare mmoawa: Saa akuru ahorow yi nso betumi aba esiane nyarewa a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa te sɛ ntini mu yare ne sarcoidosis nti.
• Akuru a Ɛnyɛ Den: Saa akuru yi nso betumi afi akisikuru a ɛnyɛ hu (e.g., Hamartomas, Lipomas) mu aba.
• Kokoram Akisikuru: Wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, saa akisikuru yi betumi ayɛ ahurututu mu kokoram mfiase. Nanso kae sɛ eyi nyɛ nea ɛda adi kɛse sen nneɛma afoforo a ɛde ba.
• Akuru/Fibrosis:Sigaretnom, nnuru ahorow a wɔhome, anaa mfutuma betumi asɛe ahurututu no na ama akuru (nsa) ayɛ saa mmeae no. Wobetumi ahu eyinom nso wɔ X-ray so sɛ ntini a ɛyɛ ntini.

Oduruyɛfo, wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu sɛ eyi yɛ kokoram anaasɛ ɛnte saa?

Oduruyɛfo no rensi gyinae ntɛm ara bere a wahu w’amanneɛbɔ no akyi. CT scan nkutoo ntumi nkyerɛ wo 100% sɛ ɛyɛ kokoram anaasɛ ɛnte saa. Nanso, ebetumi ama woanya nsɛnkyerɛnne bi a ɛho hia.

Oduruyɛfo no twe adwene si nsɛm yi so:

• Akuru no kɛse: Mpɛn pii no, akuru a esua sen sɛntimita 0.6 (milimita 6) no nni asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ ɛbɛyɛ kokoram no sua koraa.
• Sɛnea akuru no te: Mpɛn pii no, akuru a n’ano yɛ torotoro na ɛyɛ kurukuruwa no nyɛ asiane biara. Nanso, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔhwehwɛ akuru a n’ano yɛ nsɔe a ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ na ɛyɛ nsensanee no mu kɔ akyiri.
• Akuru no nyin: Fa toto X-ray anaa CT scan a woadi kan ayɛ ho na hwɛ sɛ akisikuru no anyin anaa.

Oduruyɛfo no begyina saa nsɛnkyerɛnne yi so asi nea ɔbɛyɛ akyi no ho gyinae. Ebia ɔbɛkamfo nhwehwɛmu foforo bi akyerɛ.

• Nhwehwɛmu titiriw afoforo te sɛ CT scan anaa PET scan.
• Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu anaa ahurututu mu nhwehwɛmu de hwɛ sɛ ɔyare mmoawa bi wɔ hɔ anaa.
• Akuru no fã ketewaa bi a wobɛfa akɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu (Biopsy) .

Wɔ tebea horow bɛn mu na ɛho hia sɛ wɔyɛ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu?

Ɛnyɛ akuru biara na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ biopsy. Sɛ wosusuw sɛ akuru no yɛ kokoram nkutoo a, na wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ biopsy. Nneɛma a ɛde asiane ba no bi ne:

• Sɛ woyɛ obi a ɔnom sigaret anaasɛ woanom sigaret bere bi a atwam a.
• Sɛ woadi boro mfe 65 a.
• Sɛ wo anaa obi a ɔwɔ w’abusua mu anya kokoram pɛn a.
• Sɛ wɔde mframa a wɔde sa yare ama wo koko no fã a.
• Sɛ woakɔ nneɛma te sɛ asbestos ne radon mu a.
• Sɛ akuru no kɛse boro milimita 9 wɔ ne kɛse mu a.

Akwan pii wɔ hɔ a wɔfa so yɛ biopsy. Bronchoscopy hwehwɛ sɛ wɔde afiri ketewaa bi a mfoninitwa afiri ahyɛ mu fa ano anaa hwene mu de hwɛ ahurututu no mu na wɔfa nhwɛsode bi. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wɔde ade ketewaa bi a wɔde twa koko mu nso yɛ ade a wɔde twitwiw nipadua no mu.

Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow a wɔde sa eyi?

Asɛmpa no ne sɛ akisikuru nketenkete a ɛnyɛ kokoram dodow no ara nhia ayaresa biara.

Oduruyɛfo no taa kamfo kyerɛ sɛ "Active Surveillance".Ɛne sɛ, sɛ wɔbɛhwɛ akisikuru no a wɔmfa ayaresa biara mma.

• Sɛ nea ɛde akisikuru no ba ne ɔyare mmoawa a, wɔbɛma nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa anaa nnuru a ekum fungal.
• Sɛ akuru no nyin wɔ bere a wɔrehwɛ no mu, ɛde sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ba, anaasɛ wɔde nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu si so dua sɛ ɛyɛ kokoram a, ebia ɛho behia sɛ wɔyɛ oprehyɛn de yi akuru no fi hɔ.

Tebea bɛn mu na ɛsɛ sɛ mehaw me ho?

Sɛ w’amanneɛbɔ ka akuru bi ho asɛm a, ɛho hia sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo kasa fa ho na wudi wɔn afotu akyi. Nanso, sɛ wuhu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a edidi so yi mu biara a, kɔ ayaresabea ntɛm ara.

Mma nkyɛ efisɛ eyinom betumi ayɛ tebea bi a emu yɛ den ho sɛnkyerɛnne.

Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wubisa oduruyɛfo no?

Ɔkwan a eye sen biara a wobɛfa so adi wo suro ne w’adwenem naayɛ so ne sɛ wubebisa wo duruyɛfo nsɛm na woanya ntease a emu da hɔ. Wubetumi abisa nsɛm te sɛ eyinom:

• "Oduruyɛfo, dɛn na ebetumi de saa akisikuru yi aba?"
• "Sɛ yɛhwɛ ne kɛse ne sɛnea ɛte a, ɛbɛyɛ dɛn sɛ ɛbɛyɛ asiane?"
• "So ɛsɛ sɛ mesɔ biribi foforo biara hwɛ?"
• "Dɛn na yɛbɛyɛ akyi? So ɛsɛ sɛ yɛyɛ scan foforo? Bere bɛn na ɛte saa?"
• "Nsɛnkyerɛnne pɔtee bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mehwɛ yiye wɔ ho?"