We all know about the cold and flu that comes with the cold season. But sometimes it's not just a cold, it's a more serious virus called 'Influenza' or 'Flu' as we call it. This is a disease that spreads very quickly from person to person and can sometimes cause serious health complications. So, the best and safest way to protect yourself from this is to get the influenza vaccine every year. Today, we'll talk about this vaccine, its types, who should get it, and who shouldn't get it.
What is the influenza vaccine?
Simply put, the flu vaccine is a shot that you get every year to protect you from the influenza virus. The respiratory illness caused by this virus can sometimes turn into severe conditions like pneumonia and can even be life-threatening. So getting the vaccine is more than just a flu shot.
The most important thing is to build up our body's immunity before we are exposed to the influenza virus. That's what the vaccine does.
How many types of vaccines are there?
Yes, there are several main types of influenza vaccine. Your doctor will recommend the type that is most suitable for you, depending on your age and health condition. Let's take a look at what those main types are.
| Type of vaccine | Special points |
|---|---|
| Regular Flu Shot | This is the most commonly used. It contains killed (inactive) virus particles. So you will never get the flu from this vaccine . Anyone over 6 months of age can get it. |
| Special vaccine for adults (High-Dose Shot) | This is specifically designed for people over the age of 65. Since the immune system weakens as we age, the strength of this vaccine is higher to give them more protection. |
| Nasal Spray Vaccine | This contains a live, but very weakened virus (Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine - LAIV). This is a good alternative for those who are afraid of injections. However, it is only given to healthy, non-pregnant people between the ages of 2-49. |
| Egg-Free Vaccines for People with Egg Allergies | Most flu vaccines are made with eggs, but there are special vaccines made without eggs for people with severe allergies to eggs. |
Why do I need to get this vaccine every year?
This is a question that many people ask. Think about it, the influenza virus is like a thief who is good at disguise. It changes its appearance a little every season. So, the vaccine made last year may not be exactly the right match for the new strain of the virus that is coming out this year. Every year, scientists do research, find out which strains of the virus are most likely to spread next, and make the latest vaccine that is right for them. That's why we need to get a new vaccine every year.
Who should definitely get the vaccine?
Organizations like the World Health Organization recommend that almost all adults get the flu vaccine. However, there are some people who are at a higher risk of developing serious complications if they get the flu. If you belong to one of these groups, getting the vaccine is a must.
| High-Risk Groups | |
|---|---|
| People with chronic diseases |
|
| Other risk categories | |
Who should not get vaccinated?
Although this vaccine is safe for most people, there are some people who should not get it.
- If you have had a severe allergic reaction to a previous influenza vaccine.
- If you have developed a neurological condition called Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) within 6 weeks of receiving a previous flu vaccine.
- If you have a severe allergy to any component of the vaccine.
Especially about egg allergy
Previously, this vaccine was not recommended for people with egg allergies. However, research has now found that the amount of egg protein in the vaccine is so small that it is unlikely to cause problems for someone with a normal egg allergy. However, if you have a severe, life-threatening allergy to eggs (anaphylaxis) , be sure to talk to your doctor before getting the vaccine.
People who should not use the nasal spray:
- Pregnant women
- People over 50 years old
- People with weak immune systems
- People with chronic diseases such as asthma and diabetes
What are the side effects and risks of the vaccine?
Like any medicine, vaccines can cause minor side effects. However, the risk of serious harm from the influenza vaccine is very low. The minor side effects that are seen usually go away within a day or two.
| Type of vaccine | Common side effects |
|---|---|
| Regular vaccination (Flu Shot) | - Soreness, redness, or swelling at the injection site - Body pain - A slight fever |
| Nasal Spray | - Runny nose or stuffy nose - Sore throat - Cough and headache |
Severe allergic symptoms that require immediate medical attention
Although these are very rare, it is important to be aware. If you experience any of these symptoms within minutes or hours of receiving the vaccine, do not ignore them.
- Difficulty breathing or wheezing
- Dizziness
- Voice change (hoarseness)
- Hives
- Pale skin
- Heart palpitations
- Confusion or severe weakness
If you notice any of these symptoms, go to the nearest hospital Emergency Department (ETU) immediately. It is important to act quickly without wasting time.
Take-Home Message
- Influenza is a potentially serious illness. The best way to protect yourself from it is to get an annual influenza vaccine.
- It is very important to get vaccinated if you have a chronic condition (such as diabetes, heart disease, asthma), are pregnant, or are over 50 years of age.
- Minor side effects of the vaccine (fever, body aches) are common and will go away in a day or two.
- If you experience severe allergy symptoms such as difficulty breathing or hives, see a doctor immediately or go to the Emergency Department (ETU).
- If you have any questions about the type of vaccine that is right for you and how to get vaccinated, talk to your family doctor and get proper advice.
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