Are you a sportsperson? Especially someone who plays a sport that requires overhead throwing or hitting, such as cricket or volleyball? Or do you work in a job that requires overhead lifting? Sometimes you may feel pain in your shoulder, a feeling of tightness in your shoulder, or an instability that feels like your shoulder is giving way. Most of the time, this is due to a tear in the cartilage in your shoulder. In medical terms, we call this a SLAP tear . Today, we will talk about this condition and the surgery that is performed for it in simple terms.
What exactly is a SLAP Tear?
This is something that needs a little explanation. The four letters in SLAP have different meanings. They are S uperior L abrum, A nterior to P osterior. Okay, now you might be confused when you see these words. Let's explain this simply.
Think of your shoulder joint as a ball and socket. The top end of your upper arm bone (humerus) is like a ball, and it fits into a socket in your shoulder bone. Around this socket is a strong ring of cartilage. It's like a rubber washer that stops a pipe from leaking. This is what we call the glenoid labrum .
The main function of this labrum is to keep the ball-like bone firmly in place inside the socket, preventing it from slipping. Also, a tendon from your biceps muscle attaches to the top of this labrum.
So a SLAP tear is a tear of the superior portion of the labrum, from anterior to posterior . When this tear occurs, two main problems occur:
1. The stability of the shoulder joint, that is, the cushion that is like that washer, is reduced.
2. The biceps tendon becomes weak at the attachment point.
These are the reasons why shoulder pain, instability, and stiffness occur.
When would I need this surgery?
Usually, a doctor does not immediately resort to surgery. First, they try things like medication, painkillers, rest, and physical therapy. But if those things don't help, they have to consider surgery.
Let's look at the table below to see what are the main cases in which surgery is recommended.
| Reasons why surgery may be needed | Description |
|---|---|
| Failure of other treatments | If you continue to have shoulder pain and other symptoms despite physical therapy and medication. |
| A tear caused by an accident | If this tear occurred due to a sudden fall or accident, it would have a major impact on the stability of the shoulder. |
| A tear caused by frequent use | This condition is caused by long-term shoulder injury from a job or sport that requires lifting the arms. |
| Injuries to players | This injury is especially common in players who play throwing sports such as baseball, cricket, and tennis, and surgery may be necessary to return to play. |
How does a doctor decide on surgery?
Before deciding whether or not to have surgery, your doctor will consider several factors.
- Nature of tearing:There are also different types of SLAP tears.Where there's tearing, it's ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne nee ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne ne neWe are also considering whether it affects the biceps tendon as well.
- Your age: Your age is also important here. Treatment options may vary with age. You may need to clean and remove the torn tissue instead of doing a complete repair.
- Your daily activities: Are you an athlete? Do you do heavy lifting? Your lifestyle will also determine your treatment.
- Previous treatments: It is also important to know how well you have recovered from previous treatments.
How is the surgery performed? (Arthroscopic SLAP Tear Surgery)
This surgery is often done using a technique called arthroscopy . That is, it is called 'keyhole surgery.' It is done through several small incisions, rather than making a large cut in the shoulder.
Simply put, the surgeon repairs the torn labrum and attaches it to the bone, or in some cases, cuts the biceps tendon that is attached to it and reattaches it elsewhere.
Before surgery:
Before the surgery, you will be given anesthesia. It may be general anesthesia for the whole body, or regional anesthesia that numbs just the shoulder.
During the surgery:
1. First, the surgeon makes a small incision in your shoulder and inserts a small camera called an arthroscope through it.
2. The images from this camera are viewed on a monitor to check exactly what the tear and damage inside the shoulder looks like.
3. After confirming the tear, the damaged cartilage pieces are cleaned with special instruments and prepared to be reattached to the bone.
4. Then, a small hole is drilled in the shoulder bone and a small nail-like object (anchor suture) is inserted. These are used to hold the torn part back together.
5. As a final step, the torn labrum is reattached to the bone with strong threads from the inserted anchor and sutured securely.
What happens after the surgery? How is the recovery time?
As well as the success of the surgery, your commitment after the surgery is also very important to the healing process.
- Wearing an arm sling: You will need to wear an arm sling for a week to several weeks after surgery. During this time, you will not be able to drive or lift heavy objects, so you will need help with daily activities.
- Pain and Discomfort: There may be some pain and swelling for a few days after surgery. This can be relieved by applying ice and taking painkillers prescribed by your doctor.
- Shoulder stiffness:Your shoulder may feel a little stiff. Your doctor and a physical therapist will teach you exercises to strengthen your shoulder and increase flexibility. It is very important to do these exercises exactly as they are prescribed.
- Stitch removal: Stitches are usually removed in about two weeks.
- Re-examination: You will need to see your doctor about every 4-6 weeks to see how your shoulder is healing.
It can take anywhere from a few months to a year or more to fully recover and return to normal activities and sports, depending on the nature of your injury and your commitment.
What are the benefits and possible complications of this surgery?
As with any surgery, there are benefits and minor risks. It's important to talk to your doctor about these and be well-informed.
| Benefits | Risks/Complications |
|---|---|
| Loss of shoulder pain and instability. | Infection. |
| Regaining movement and strength in the shoulder. | Excessive bleeding. |
| Being able to return to sports and daily activities. | Damage to blood vessels and nerves in the shoulder. |
| Having an overall success rate of about 70%. | Recurrence of shoulder instability. |
| Shoulder stiffness. |
When to see a doctor immediately after surgery
When you return home after surgery, you should pay attention to changes in your body. If you have any of the following signs, inform your doctor immediately or go to the Emergency Department (ETU) of the nearest hospital.
- If the bandage on the wound gets wet and the bleeding doesn't stop.
- If you have unbearable pain even after taking the painkillers given to you.
- If there is excessive swelling in the hand that underwent surgery.
- If you experience tingling or numbness in your fingers or hand.
- If your hands or fingers have changed color (turned blue/black) or feel cold to the touch.
- If the wound is red, swollen, painful, or oozing yellow fluid.
- If the fever is higher than 101°F (38.3°C).
Is it possible for this kind of disorder to occur again?
Yes, unfortunately, it can happen. Especially for those who return to the same sport or activity that caused the injury, without properly treating the muscles and strengthening them with physical therapy, there is a chance that the same labrum or another part of it will tear again.
Take-Home Message
- A SLAP tear is a tear in the top portion of the cartilage ring that helps stabilize the shoulder joint. This causes pain and instability.
- The surgery for this is often performed arthroscopically, where the torn part is repaired and fixed.
- It may take several months or a year to fully recover after surgery, and proper physical therapy is essential.
- If left untreated, this condition can cause long-term pain, limited shoulder movement, and other serious problems.
- If you have pain in your shoulder, do not ignore it, but seek advice from a qualified doctor.











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