Àdi be yeanya nu tso nu ɣi aɖe si le wò ʋu me ŋua? Mina míaƒo nu tso bilirubin dodokpɔa ŋu!

Oo, ɖe nède dzesii kpɔ be ɣeaɖewoɣi, vevietɔ le vidzĩ siwo wodzi yeyee gome la, ŋutilãa zua ɣiea? Alo ɖe ɖɔkta aɖe gblɔ na wò alo ame aɖe si nènya be nàwɔ `(Bilirubin)` dodokpɔ kpɔa? Esɔ be nàtsi dzodzodzoe vie ne èse nya bilirubin. Gake mègatsi dzi o! Egbea, míaƒo nu tso esia ŋu bɔbɔe, le mɔ si gɔme nàte ŋu ase nu.

Nukae nye bilirubin? Mina míase egɔme bɔbɔe!

Bu eŋu kpɔ, ʋumenugbagbevi dzĩwo (siwo woyɔna hã be ʋumenugbagbeviɣiwo) le míaƒe ŋutilã me ɖɔlim ɣesiaɣi. Ne ʋumenugbagbevi dzĩ xoxowo gblẽ la, wowɔa nu ɣi aɖe si woyɔna be bilirubin . Ele abe nusi susɔ ne èɖe nu xoxowo ɖa ene.

Fifia bilirubin sia zɔa mɔ to míaƒe ʋu me yia aklã me. Aklã le abe dɔwɔƒe aɖe si le míaƒe ŋutilã me ene, eye wòkɔa nu siwo míedi o la ŋu. Aklãa ƒoa bilirubin sia nu ƒu, tsɔnɛ tsakana kple gbeɖuɖɔ bubuwo, eye wòwɔa tsi si woyɔna be "bile." Ènyaa, bilirubin siae naa ʋumenugbagbeviɣidɔ ƒe amadede ɣi. Emegbe ʋumenugbagbeviɣi sia toa míaƒe dɔgbowo me hedoa go le ŋutilãa me. Ẽ, bilirubin sia nye nusi naa wò aɖuɖɔ wòzua amadede ƒe akpa gã aɖe.

Eyata nukae nye bilirubin ƒe ʋudodokpɔ?

Ele bɔbɔe ŋutɔ. Ðɔkta aɖe ɖe ʋu sue aɖe tso ʋuka aɖe si le wò alɔnu me eye wòɖonɛ ɖe dodokpɔxɔ aɖe be woadoe kpɔ. Nudokpɔƒea dzidzea bilirubin agbɔsɔsɔme si le wò ʋu me. Woléa ŋku ɖe eŋu nenye be agbɔsɔsɔa le agbɔsɔsɔ si sɔ me, alo ne ekɔ akpa alo bɔbɔ akpa. Ne bilirubin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ mesɔ o la, efia be kuxi aɖe ate ŋu anɔ dɔa ƒe akpa aɖe si adze egɔme tso ʋumenugbagbevi dzĩ xoxo mawo ƒe gbagbã dzi eye wòawu enu kple bilirubin la ɖeɖe le ŋutilãa me.

Nukae bilirubin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si le ʋua me gblɔ na mí?

Zi geɖe la ɖɔktawo wɔa bilirubin dodokpɔ sia tsɔ léa ŋku ɖe wò aklã ƒe lãmesẽ ŋu . Esia nye aklã ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dodokpɔ geɖe dometɔ ɖeka ko. Ne xexlẽme siawo sɔ gbɔ alo le sue la, ate ŋu afia be aklãa le nuteɖeamedzi aɖe me. Gake bilirubin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si mesɔ o mefia ɣesiaɣi be kuxi aɖe le aklãa ŋu o. Ɣeaɖewoɣi la, kuxia ate ŋu anɔ teƒe bubu.

Nukatae bilirubin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ sia dzina ɖe edzi? (Hyperbilirubinemia ƒe ʋusɔgbɔdɔ) .

Susu geɖe ate ŋu anɔ anyi siwo tae bilirubin ƒoa ƒu ɖe wò ʋu me ɖo. Mina míalé ŋku ɖe nusiwo wonye ŋu:

• Wò ʋumenugbagbevi dzĩwo le gbagbãm kabakaba akpa: Ʋumenugbagbeviɣidɔ aɖewo, abe ʋusɔgbɔdɔ si nana ʋumenugbagbevi dzĩwo gblẽna kabakaba akpa, si wɔnɛ be bilirubin sɔa gbɔ ɖe lãme na ame. Bu eŋu abe dɔwɔƒe aɖe si xɔa nu geɖe akpa ene.
• Ate ŋu asesẽ na wò aklã be wòaɖe bilirubin agbɔsɔsɔme si sɔ gɔ̃ hã ɖa: Ɣeaɖewoɣi la, esia ate ŋu adzɔ ne aɖi aɖe do go aklãa zi ɖeka. Alo, aklãa ateŋu mawɔ dɔ nyuie o le aklãdɔléle si nɔa anyi didi (`(Chronic liver disease)`) ta.
• Wò ʋumenugbagbeviɣidɔa mele ʋumenugbagbeviɣiwo ɖem ɖe go nyuie o:Ate ŋu adzɔ be ʋukawo alo aɖuɖɔtoea naxe, si ana ʋumenugbagbeviɣia nagatrɔ ayi ʋua me. Esia ate ŋu adzɔ ne aɖuɖɔtoemekpewo hã li.

Bu eŋu kpɔ, ne pɔmpi si tsɔa tsi yia tsigoe me la lolo eye pɔmpi si tsɔa tsi doa goe le tsigoa me xe la, tsigoa aƒo.

Ðe bilirubin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ ate ŋu aɖiɖia? (Hypobilirubinemia ƒe ʋumenugbagbeviɣidɔ) .

Ẽ, ɣeaɖewoɣi la, bilirubin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ ate ŋu aɖiɖi. Atike aɖewo ate ŋu ahee vɛ. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, dɔlékuiwutike aɖewo, vidzidzitikewo, alɔ̃dɔdɔtikewo, kple alɔ̃madɔmadɔtikewo ate ŋu ana bilirubin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ naɖiɖi. Gake zi geɖe la, bilirubin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si bɔbɔ menye nusi ŋu woatsi dzi ɖo o.

Nuka tututue dzɔna ɖe bilirubin si le míaƒe ŋutilã me dzi?

Bilirubin nye gbeɖuɖɔ si woɖena le ʋumenugbagbevi dzĩ xoxowo me. Zi geɖe la, míaƒe ŋutilã ɖenɛ doa goe to dɔgbowo me. Gake wova kpɔe azɔ be viɖe sue aɖewo le eŋu esi woɖenɛ doa goe. Numekuku yeyewo ɖee fia be bilirubin wɔa dɔ abe nusi tsia dzoxɔxɔ nu ene eye ate ŋu akpe ɖe mía ŋu míakpɔ mía ta tso dzitodzito me dɔlélewo me.

Gake abe nusianu ene la, ne ekɔ akpa la, ate ŋu anye aɖi . Ne bilirubin sɔ gbɔ ɖe wò ʋu me la, àte ŋu ase le ɖokuiwò me be yemele dedie o. Ate ŋu aʋã lãmeka siwo le wò ŋutigbalẽ te hã eye wòana nànɔ ʋuʋum.

Nukae nye bilirubin si sɔ gbɔ ƒe dzesiwo?

Bilirubin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si sɔ gbɔ ƒe dzesi vevitɔe nye jaundice . Esia nye wò ŋutigbalẽ kple wò ŋku ƒe ɣie. Zi geɖe la, esiae nye dzesi gbãtɔ si ɖɔkta adi ne ele wò bilirubin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ me dzrom.

Azɔ hã, ne bilirubin si le ʋua me dzi ɖe edzi la, edzea agbagba be yeadzo le aɖuɖɔ me. Esia ate ŋu ana aɖuɖɔa ƒe amadede nado viviti (abe tii ƒe amadede ene).

Azɔ hã, ne womeɖe bilirubin ɖe aɖuɖɔ me nyuie o la, aɖuɖɔa ate ŋu azu amadede si me kɔ (abe anyi ene) .

Ame aɖewo te ŋu ƒoa woƒe ŋutilã gɔ̃ hã geɖe .

Aleke wowɔa bilirubin ƒe ʋudodokpɔ?

Esia le bɔbɔe ŋutɔ.

• Zi geɖe la, le ame tsitsi gome la, ɖɔkta alo dɔnɔdzikpɔla aɖe ʋu sue aɖe tso ʋuka aɖe si le wò alɔnu me . Woate ŋu abia tso asiwò be mègaɖu nu alo ano naneke gaƒoƒo ʋɛ aɖewo hafi dodokpɔa nadze egɔme o. Àte ŋu ase veve vie ne wotsɔ aŋea de eme heɖee, gake adzo le aɖabaƒoƒo ʋɛ aɖewo megbe. Emegbe woɖoa ʋua ɖe dodokpɔxɔ aɖe me. Exɔa ɣeyiɣi aɖe hafi nyatakakaa gatrɔna gbɔna.
• Ne jaundice , le vidzĩ si wodzi yeyee ŋu la , ɖɔktaa alé ŋku ɖe bilirubin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ ŋu akpɔe ɖa be mesɔ gbɔ akpa o. Jaundice nye nusi sɔ na vidzĩ yeyewo eye zi geɖe la, menye nusi ŋu woatsi dzi ɖo o. Gake ne bilirubin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi ɖe edzi akpa la, ate ŋu agblẽ nu le vidzĩa ŋu.Zi geɖe la, woɖea ʋu le vidzĩwo ŋu to aŋe sue aɖe (afɔkpodzi ƒe ati) ƒoƒo ɖe woƒe afɔkpodziwo me . Esia nye dodokpɔ si wowɔna zi geɖe le vidzĩ siwo wodzi yeyee ŋu.

Nukae le nyatakaka si mexɔna me? Nukae wòfia?

Dodokpɔ ŋuti nyatakaka si nàxɔ la aɖe bilirubin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si le wò ʋu me afia le xexlẽme nu. Le nyateƒe me la, bilirubin ƒomevi eve le wò ʋu me: bilirubin si yia aklã me be woakɔ, kple bilirubin si dona le aklã me ne wokɔe vɔ. Wò nyatakakaa aɖe ƒomevi eve siawo afia ɖe vovo, kpakple bilirubin bliboa. Zi geɖe la, woɖenɛ fiana le xexlẽdzesi siwo woyɔna be miligram le desilita ɖeka me (mg/dL) me.

Nukae Nye Bilirubin Tsã Kple Tsã? (Nu si wotsɔ ƒo ƒui kple esi wometsɔ ƒo ƒui o)

Kpuie ko la:

• Bilirubin ƒomevi si yia aklã me be woakɔe nye "Unconjugated" bilirubin . Melɔ̃na le tsi me o. Eyina aklã si bla ɖe protein si woyɔna be albumin ŋu le ʋua me. Esia tae woyɔnɛ ɣeaɖewoɣi be "Indirect" bilirubin le nyatakakaa me ɖo. Elabena womate ŋu adzidzee tẽ o. Wokpɔnɛ to bilirubin si wotsɔ ƒo ƒui ɖeɖe ɖa le bilirubin bliboa me.
• Ne aklãa kɔ bilirubin sia ŋu vɔ la, eblanɛ ɖe sukli molecule aɖe ŋu eye wònana wònɔa tsi me. Ema ko hafi wòate ŋu ato dɔgbo siwo me ʋumenugbagbeviɣidɔ tsaka le la me. Woyɔa bilirubin sia si aklãa kɔ la be "conjugated" bilirubin . Le nyatakakaa me la, wogayɔe be "direct" bilirubin , elabena woateŋu adzidzee tẽ.

Èse egɔmea? Ðeka hafi wòyi aklã me, eye evelia ne aklã kɔ eŋu vɔ.

Bilirubin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ kae wòle be míatsi dzi ɖo?

Vovototo sue aɖewo ate ŋu anɔ nusi dodokpɔxɔ ɖesiaɖe buna be enye bilirubin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si sɔ me. Gake le goawo katã me la, wobua bilirubin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ bliboa si ade 0.2 va ɖo 1.3 mg/dL be esɔ na ame tsitsiwo kple ɖeviwo . Ne wò agbɔsɔsɔ sɔ gbɔ wu esia la, wò ɖɔkta ate ŋu awɔ dodokpɔ bubuwo atsɔ adi nusi gbɔ wòtso. Ate ŋu afia nɔnɔme aɖe si ŋu wòle be woalé ŋku ɖo. Gake bilirubin si sɔ gbɔ ŋutɔ menye dɔléle sesẽ o eye zi geɖe la, mehiã be woawɔ atike nɛ o.

Gake le vidzĩ yeyewo gome la, ŋutinyaa to vovo vie. Bilirubin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si sɔ le vidzĩwo me ate ŋu atso 1.0 mg/dL va ɖo 12.0 mg/dL. Zi geɖe la, wokpɔa mɔ be bilirubinemia si gbɔ eme le vidzĩ yeyewo me eye wòadzo le eɖokui si. Gake ɖɔktawo ayi edzi anɔ ŋku lém ɖe nɔnɔmea ŋu akpɔe ɖa be bilirubin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ le dzi yim kabakaba akpa alo le ɖiɖim akpa hã. Ne wowɔe la, ate ŋu anye nɔnɔme sesẽ aɖe eye wòagblẽ nu le vidzĩa ŋu.

Bilirubin agbɔsɔsɔme kae nye afɔku na vidzĩ si wodzi yeyee?

Ðɔktawo kafui be woadze atikewɔwɔ gɔme na vidzĩ yeyewo le bilirubin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ nu.Ne ewu 15 mg/dL le gaƒoƒo 48 gbãtɔwo me, alo ne ewu 20 mg/dL le gaƒoƒo 72 megbe. Le agbɔsɔsɔ siawo me la, bilirubin si wometsɔ ƒo ƒui o ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ sɔ gbɔ wu albumin agbɔsɔsɔme si li be wòablae. Emegbe bilirubin sia si wometsɔ ƒo ƒui o ate ŋu atso ʋu kple ahɔhɔ̃ ƒe mɔxenu la ayi ɖe vidzĩ yeyea ƒe ahɔhɔ̃ me eye wòagblẽ nu le ahɔhɔ̃ si le tsitsim ŋu. Esia ate ŋu ana ahɔhɔ̃a nagblẽ le mɔ vovovowo nu, si nye dɔléle si woyɔna be kernicterus .

Afɔku sia mesɔ le ame tsitsiwo kple ɖevi tsitsiwo gome o. Ame tsitsiwo ƒe ahɔhɔ̃ mesea veve nenema o, eye ƒã hafi bilirubin si wometsɔ ƒo ƒui o ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzina ɖe edzi nenema le ame tsitsiwo gome. Vidzĩ yeyewo wɔa bilirubin kabakaba wu ame tsitsiwo, eye wotsɔa wo ƒoa ƒui blewu wu.

Susu geɖewo li siwo tae conjugated bilirubin ``(Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia)`` ateŋu adzi ɖe edzi le ame tsitsiwo me. Le ame tsitsiwo gome la, bilirubin ƒe dzidziɖedzi ate ŋu anye nɔnɔme si me afɔku le ƒe dzesi, gake bilirubin ŋutɔ mehea afɔku gã aɖeke vɛ o (to vovo na vidzĩwo tɔ).

Nukae wòfia ne wò bilirubin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ sɔ gbɔ?

Ne wò ŋutilã gblẽ ʋumenugbagbevi dzĩwo kabakaba wu alesi wò aklã ate ŋu akɔ wo ŋu la, wò bilirubin si wometsɔ ƒo ƒui o (si mele tẽ o) ate ŋu adzi ɖe edzi. Esia ate ŋu afia nusiwo le abe:

• Ʋumenugbagbeviɣidɔ
• Sickle cell ƒe dɔléle
• Nu gbegblẽ si dona tso ʋudodo me

Nusiwo koŋ gbɔ bilirubin si wometsɔ ƒo ƒui o ƒe dzidziɖedzi tsona le vidzĩ siwo wodzi yeyee me:

• Vidzidzi kaba
• Ʋu ƒe hatsotso si mesɔ o le vidzĩa kple vidadaa dome
• Alesi wowɔa nui ɖe nu aɖewo ŋu le no me notsi me

Ne esesẽna na wò ŋutilã be wòaɖe bilirubin ɖa nyuie la, ke wò bilirubin si wotsɔ ƒo ƒui (si le tẽ) ate ŋu adzi ɖe edzi. Esia ate ŋu afia be ʋumenugbagbeviɣidɔ alo ʋumenugbagbeviɣidɔ le ŋuwò. Kpɔɖeŋuwo:

• Gallstones ƒe kpewo
• Dɔdzẽ ƒe dɔléle
• Ʋumenugbagbeviɣidɔ (Cholangitis) .

Bilirubin ƒomevi evea siaa ate ŋu aƒo ƒu ɖe ʋua me le nɔnɔme siwo gblẽa nu le wò aklã ƒe ŋutete be wòakɔ bilirubin ŋu ta.

Wò bilirubin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ bliboa ate ŋu adzi ɖe edzi, ne èdze atike yeye aɖe zazã gɔme, alo ne èno aha geɖe, alo le aklãa ƒe teteɖeanyi hena ɣeyiɣi aɖe ta. Alo, ate ŋu atso aklãdɔléle sesẽ alo esi nɔa anyi didi gbɔ. Nusiwo gbɔ wòtso dometɔ aɖewoe nye:

• Dɔlékuiwo abe dɔlékui ƒe aklãdɔ kple mononucleosis ene.
• Domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe nɔnɔme siwo kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe bilirubin ƒe asitɔtrɔ le lãmenugbagbeviwo ŋu dzi, abe Gilbert ƒe dɔléle, Wilson ƒe dɔléle, kple Crigler-Najjar ƒe dɔléle ene.
• Aklãdɔ si me aɖi le (si aha sesẽ alo atike muamewo hena vɛ) .
• Cirrhosis kple aklã ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie atraɖii

Ne nusiwo mesɔ o le nye dodokpɔ ŋuti nyatakaka me la, nukae adzɔ emegbe?

Ðɔkta alé ŋku ɖe wò dzesiwo kple atikewɔwɔ ŋutinya ŋu be yeadze agbagba anya nusiwo ate ŋu ahe wò vɛ. Atikewɔwɔ ƒe tiatia vovovowo le nu ɖesiaɖe si gbɔ wòtsona ŋu. Woate ŋu abia be woawɔ ʋudodokpɔ geɖe wu kple nɔnɔmetatawo dodokpɔ geɖe wu be woanya wò nɔnɔmea nyuie wu. Woate ŋu agado wò bilirubin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ hã kpɔ be ele dzi yim ɖe edzi hã. Ne bilirubin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si le viwò yeyea me sɔ gbɔ akpa la, woate ŋu aɖo aɖaŋu be woawɔ atike na wò be wòaɖe edzi akpɔtɔ.

Nukawoe nye atike siwo wozãna na bilirubin ƒe dzidziɖedzi le vidzĩ siwo wodzi yeyee me?

Atike si wozãna ɖaa tsɔ ɖea bilirubin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi kpɔtɔna le vidzĩ yeyewo mee nye keklẽŋusẽdɔdamɔnu . Esia fia be ɖɔkta tsɔa viwòa dea akaɖi tɔxɛ aɖe te. Kekeli sia doa akaɖi si ƒe amadede nye blɔ. Kekeli sia gblẽa bilirubin la me eye wònana wònɔa tsi me. Esia wɔnɛ be woɖenɛ doa goe le ŋutilãa me evɔ womewɔa ɖeka le aklãa me o. Esia wɔnɛ be bilirubin si wometsɔ ƒo ƒui o la megaƒoa ƒu ɖe vidzĩa ƒe ahɔhɔ̃mekawo me o.

Aleke nèwɔna be wò bilirubin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna?

Wò bilirubin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi aɖe akpɔtɔ ne woda nɔnɔme si le wò bilirubin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzim ɖe edzi la nyuie eye wokpɔ edzi. Esia nɔ te ɖe nusi gbɔ wòtso dzi. Wò ɖɔkta aƒo nu tso tiatia siwo nàte ŋu awɔ atsɔ ada dɔlélea alo aɖe eƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedziwo dzi akpɔtɔ ŋu na wò.

Le goawo katã me la, àte ŋu aɖe agba si le wò aklã dzi dzi akpɔtɔ ne èɖe aha sesẽ kple atike siwo mehiã o (atike siwo womeƒlena le atikedzraƒe o (OTC) gɔ̃ hã dzi kpɔtɔ alesi nàte ŋui), kple nuɖuɖu si naa lãmesẽ ɖuɖu.

Nukae nye bilirubin ƒe aɖuɖɔ dodokpɔ?

Àte ŋu awɔ bilirubin dodokpɔ le aɖuɖɔ me abe aɖuɖɔtoe me dzodzro ƒe akpa aɖe ene. Esia ate ŋu anye lãmesẽ dodokpɔ si wowɔna edziedzi ƒe akpa aɖe. Alo, wò ɖɔkta ate ŋu aɖe gbe na dodokpɔ sia koŋ ne ʋumenugbagbeviɣidɔ alo aɖuɖɔ doviviti le ŋuwò . Bilirubin si le wò aɖuɖɔ me (bilirubinuria) mesɔ o. Gake ne wò bilirubin si wotsɔ ƒo ƒui sɔ gbɔ ŋutɔ la, esia ate ŋu adzɔ.

Le dodokpɔ sia ta la, ɖɔkta aɖe ana wò aŋetu sue aɖe be nàtsɔ axɔ aɖuɖɔ ƒe kpɔɖeŋu. Woana ``sanitary wipe`` hã wò be nàkɔ wò vidzinuwo ŋu hafi nàɖe aɖuɖɔ. Dzesi aɖe anɔ aŋetu la dzi si afia aɖuɖɔ agbɔsɔsɔme si woaƒo ƒu. Ne mèka asi aŋetu la ƒe eme ŋu o la, àƒo kpɔɖeŋua nu ƒu atsɔe ana ɖɔkta. Woaɖoe ɖe dodokpɔxɔ aɖe be woadoe kpɔ.

Nu Vevitɔ Kekeake - Nusiwo Dzi Wòle Be Nàɖo Ŋku Ðo (Take-Home Message)

Enyo, eyata míeƒo nu tso bilirubin ŋu geɖe fifia, alo?

Ne ède dzesi amadede ɣi aɖe le wò ŋutilã alo ŋkuwo ŋu (jaundice) la, enye dzesi be ele be nàkpɔ ɖɔkta godoo eye woado bilirubin kpɔ.Aɖuɖɔtoe dzea egɔme ne bilirubin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ ɖo agbɔsɔsɔ si sɔ ƒe teƒe eve va ɖo etɔ̃. Àte ŋu ade dzesii hã be wò aɖuɖɔ do viviti (eƒe amadede le abe tii ene) le agbɔsɔsɔ sia me.

Gake ɣeaɖewoɣi la, bilirubin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ ate ŋu asɔ gbɔ evɔ dzesi aɖeke manɔ eŋu o. Bilirubin dodokpɔ ate ŋu akpe ɖe wò ɖɔkta ŋu wòaɖo kpe nɔnɔme aɖewo siwo ŋu nèsusu be wole dzi eye wòanya nusi gbɔ wòtso.

Eyata, mègavɔ̃ ne èse nya bilirubin o. Enye nuwɔna si sɔ le míaƒe ŋutilã me ƒe akpa aɖe. Gake ne eƒe agbɔsɔsɔ trɔ la, ele vevie be nànya nusi gbɔ wòtso eye nàxɔ atike ne ehiã. Ne nya aɖe le asiwò la, mègahe ɖe megbe gbeɖe le nuƒoƒo kple wò ɖɔkta me o. Wole afima be yewoakpe ɖe ŋuwò.

` Bilirubin, bilirubin dodokpɔ, jaundice, yellow fever, aklã, ʋumenugbagbevi dzĩwo, vidzĩ siwo wodzi yeyee