Mina míasrɔ̃ nusianu tso wò aɖuɖɔ dodokpɔ (urinalysis) ŋu le mɔ bɔbɔe aɖe nu.

Hello! Ðewohĩ èse ɖɔktaa bia tso asiwò be ‘wòatsɔ aɖuɖɔ ƒe kpɔɖeŋu’ ne èyi ɖɔkta gbɔ, alo? Ðewohĩ ànɔ eŋu bum be, "Ðe wòhiã be magawɔ esia akea?" Zi geɖe la, nusi wòle be míawɔ koe nye be míana aɖuɖɔ vi aɖe le kplu sue aɖe me. Gake to dodokpɔ bɔbɔe sia si woyɔna be ``Urinalysis'' me la, ɖɔkta ateŋu anya nu geɖe tso míaƒe ŋutilã ŋu. Egbea, mina míaƒo nu tso ``Aɖuɖɔtoe me dzodzro'' sia ŋu, nusi dim wòle, kple nusita wòle vevie.

Nukae nye aɖuɖɔ dodokpɔ (urinalysis)? Kpuie ko la,...

Kpuie ko la, aɖuɖɔtoe me dzodzro nye dodokpɔ siwo kplɔ wo nɔewo ɖo siwo me woɖea wò aɖuɖɔ (si woyɔna hã be aɖuɖɔ ) eye woléa ŋku ɖe alesi wòle ŋu, eɖanye ʋumenugbagbeviwo, protein, alo nu bubu siwo mesɔ o le eme o. Ðɔkta ate ŋu azã esia abe dodokpɔ si wowɔna edziedzi ƒe akpa aɖe ene, alo atsɔ akpɔe ɖa be dɔlékui aɖe le ŋuwò, ayiku me kuxiwo le ŋuwò, aklãdɔ, alo nɔnɔme aɖe abe suklidɔ ene le ŋuwò hã.

Ame geɖe nya esia be " pee- in-a-cup test." Ẽ, ema koe wòle be nàwɔ. Emegbe ɖɔktaa ɖoa kpɔɖeŋua ɖe dodokpɔxɔ aɖe. Afima la, woléa ŋku ɖe eŋu gbã, emegbe wotsɔa lãgbalẽ sue aɖe dea eme be woadi atike aɖewo (woyɔa esia be ``urine dipstick test''), eye mlɔeba woléa ŋku ɖe eŋu le ``microscope'' te be yewoadi nu bubu siwo menya kpɔna dzea sii bɔbɔe o. Ɣeaɖewoɣi la, ɖɔkta ateŋu awɔ ``dipstick test'' le eya ŋutɔ ƒe xɔ me eye wòana emetsonuwo wò kaba.

Nuka tututue aɖuɖɔtoe dodokpɔ dia?

Akpa vevi etɔ̃e le aɖuɖɔtoe me dzodzro me: aɖuɖɔtoe ƒe kpɔɖeŋua me toto kple ŋku (nukpɔkpɔ me dzodzro), tsinyegoe me dodokpɔ, kple nusuekpɔmɔ̃ ƒe dodokpɔ. Gake menye ɣesiaɣie ɖɔktawo bia nusiawo katã o. Dodokpɔ siwo wowɔna le dodokpɔxɔ me nɔ te ɖe nusi dim wole dzi.

Nusiwo ŋu wòle be woalé ŋku ɖo gbã (Visual Exam) .

Ame aɖe si le dodokpɔxɔa me ade dzesi wò aɖuɖɔtoe ƒe nɔnɔme siwo woate ŋu akpɔ, abe eƒe amadede kple eme kɔ ene gbã.

• Amadede: Zi geɖe la, aɖuɖɔ si le lãmesẽ me ate ŋu ava le ɣie ƒe amadede vovovowo me. Ate ŋu anye amadede manɔmee, ɣie si me kɔ, alo amber viviti. Esia nɔ te ɖe tsi agbɔsɔsɔme si nèno dzi, si fia alesi wò aɖuɖɔ me yɔ fũ alo le tsia me.
• Eme kɔ: Woléa ŋku ɖe aɖuɖɔa hã ŋu be ekɔ alo alilikpo le eme hã. Ɣeaɖewoɣi la, ne etɔtɔ, si fia be edze abe nane le tsia dzi ene la, wodea dzesi ema hã.

Nukae nye dipstick dodokpɔ?

Esiae nye nusi ŋu meƒo nu tsoe va yi, dodokpɔ si me nèdea aŋe sue aɖe wò aɖuɖɔ me. Dzogoe suesuesuewo le ʋuƒoa dzi, eye wotsɔa atikewo dea wo ŋu. Ne nu tɔxɛ aɖe le wò aɖuɖɔ me la, dzogoe ene mawo ƒe amadede atrɔ. Esia ate ŋu akpe ɖe ŋuwò nàlé ŋku ɖe nu geɖe ŋu kaba.

• Acidity (Aɖuɖɔtoe ƒe pH): .Esia dzidzea wò aɖuɖɔ me acid-base ƒe dadasɔ. Nuwo abe ayiku ƒe kuxiwo kple aɖuɖɔtoedɔléle (UTIs) ate ŋu ana pH nadzi ɖe edzi (azu alkaline geɖe wu). Nɔnɔmewo abe ketoacidosis si do ƒome kple suklidɔ kple aɖuɖɔtoe ate ŋu ana pH naɖiɖi (azu acidic geɖe wu).
• Bilirubin: Ne kuxi aɖe le aklã alo ʋumenugbagbeviɣiwo ŋu la, bilirubin ate ŋu anɔ aɖuɖɔ me. Zi geɖe la, nusiawo menɔa aɖuɖɔ me o.
• Ʋu (Hemoglobin): Dodokpɔ sia dia ʋu le aɖuɖɔ me. Dɔlékuiwo, abi si woxɔ le aɖuɖɔtoe ƒe teƒe aɖe, ʋusɔgbɔdɔ, kple kansa ƒomevi aɖewo ate ŋu ana ʋu nage ɖe aɖuɖɔ me. Ðɔktawo hã yɔa esia be ``ʋumenugbagbeviɣidɔ''.
• Glucose: Esia doa sukli (glucose) kpɔna le aɖuɖɔ me hã. Suklidɔ ate ŋu anɔ amesiwo ŋu suklidɔ alo fufɔfɔ ƒe suklidɔ le ƒe aɖuɖɔ me. Mele be sukli nanɔ ame si le lãmesẽ me ƒe aɖuɖɔ me o.
• Ketones: Afɔku ƒe nɔnɔme aɖe si ateŋu adzɔ ɖe suklidɔlélawo dzi la woyɔna be ``Diabetes-related ketoacidosis.`` Dodokpɔ sia léa ŋku ɖe ketones le aɖuɖɔ me ŋu.
• Leukocyte esterase: Esia nye enzyme aɖe. Ekpena ɖe míaƒe ŋutilã ŋu wòwɔa avu kple dɔlékuiwo. Ne enyo, si fia be ele aɖuɖɔ me la, ate ŋu afia be dɔdzẽ le aɖuɖɔtoea ƒe teƒe aɖe. Zi geɖe la, aɖuɖɔtoe me dɔléle (UTI) gbɔe esia tsona.
• Nitrites: Ne dɔlékui aɖe le aɖuɖɔtoe me la, dɔlékui mawo wɔa nane si woyɔna be nitrites. Eyata ne nitrites nye ``positive`` la, ateŋu anye aɖuɖɔtoedɔléle ƒe dzesi.
• Protein: Woléa ŋku ɖe aɖuɖɔa me be protein siwo le abe `(Albumin) ene le eme hã.` Zi geɖe la, ele be nu ʋɛ aɖewo koe nanɔ eme, ne woli hã. Protein ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ le aɖuɖɔ me ate ŋu adzi ɖe edzi le nusiwo nye dzidɔ, ayiku ƒe gbegblẽ (vevietɔ nusiwo ʋusɔgbɔdɔ alo suklidɔ gblẽna), kamedede fũu akpa, kple tsikuɖiɖi ta.
• Aɖuɖɔ ƒe nuheŋusẽ tɔxɛ: Esia dzidzea atike siwo katã ƒo ɖe aɖuɖɔa me ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme. Enye alesi aɖuɖɔa loloe ƒe dzidzenu. Asixɔxɔ sia ate ŋu anye esi mesɔ o le dɔléle geɖe ta.

Nukae Nye Nusuekpɔmɔ̃ ƒe Dodokpɔ?

Nu aɖewo li siwo womate ŋu akpɔ kple ŋku dzro alo tsinyegoe ma o. Be nàkpɔ wo la, ele be nàto nusuekpɔmɔ̃ dzi alé ŋku ɖe wo ŋu.

• Kristalwo: Ne kristalo ƒomevi aɖewo le aɖuɖɔ me la, ate ŋu anye dzesi be ayiku me kpewo le tsitsim.
• Lãmenugbagbevi siwo le lãkusi me:Esiawoe nye lãmenugbagbevi ƒomevi siwo dona tso míaƒe aɖuɖɔtoe me. Woateŋu aŋlɔ wo ɖe nyatakakaa me be `(Transitional epithelial cells)`, `(Renal tubular cells)` alo `(Squamous epithelial cells)`. Zi geɖe la, vi aɖe ƒe amesinɔnɔ menye kuxi o. Gake ne wosɔ gbɔ la, ate ŋu anye aɖuɖɔtoedɔ, dɔdzẽ, alo ɖewohĩ kansa ƒe dzesi. Ne `(Squamous epithelial cells)` sɔ gbɔ la, efia be kpɔɖeŋua nye `(aƒo ɖi)` tso gota (le kpɔɖeŋu me, tso ŋutigbalẽ me) esime woxɔe.
• Dɔlékuiwo, amɔwɔʋãnu, dɔlékuiwo: Ne wokpɔ nusiawo dometɔ aɖe le aɖuɖɔ me la, ate ŋu anye aɖuɖɔtoe me dɔléle (UTI), amɔwɔʋãnu ƒe dɔléle, alo gbɔdɔdɔ ƒe dɔléle (STI) ƒe dzesi. Gake ɣeaɖewoɣi, vevietɔ le nyɔnuwo gome la, nusiawo ate ŋu age ɖe eme tso nyɔnu ƒe vidzidɔa ŋu ne woxɔ kpɔɖeŋua eye woƒo ɖi.
• Ʋumenugbagbevi dzĩwo (RBC): Esiawo ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si gbɔ eme fia be ʋu le aɖuɖɔ me, togbɔ be ɖewohĩ ŋku dzro makpɔe o hã. Esia ate ŋu atso kuxi aɖe si le tsinyegoe, ayiku, alo aɖuɖɔtoe ƒe teƒe bubu aɖe gbɔ.
• Aɖuɖɔtoewo: Esiawo nye nu suesuesue siwo le abe mɔ̃ ene siwo wotsɔ protein si ayiku me lãmenugbagbeviwo wɔ. Aŋe ƒomevi aɖewo ɖea kuxi aɖe fiana le ayikuawo ŋu. Nusiwo wotsɔna ƒua gbe ƒomevi bubuwo sɔ.
• Ʋumenugbagbevi ɣiwo (WBC): Esiawo ƒe dzidziɖedzi nye dzesi vevi aɖe si fia be dɔlékui alo dɔdzẽ aɖe le aɖuɖɔtoea ƒe teƒe aɖe.

Nukatae wòhiã be woawɔ aɖuɖɔtoe me dodokpɔ nam?

Susu geɖe li siwo tae ɖɔkta ate ŋu abia tso asiwò be nàdo aɖuɖɔ kpɔ:

• Abe wò ƒe sia ƒe ƒe lãmesẽ dodokpɔ ƒe akpa aɖe ene la, de dzesi dɔléle aɖewo kaba.
• Ne aɖuɖɔtoedɔléle, ayikudɔ, alo suklidɔ ƒe dzesiwo le ŋuwò (e.g., aɖuɖɔtoe enuenu , dzobibi ne èle aɖuɖɔ ɖum , dzoxɔxɔ, akɔtave).
• Lé ŋku ɖe atikewɔwɔ ƒe nɔnɔme aɖewo siwo nɔ anyi do ŋgɔ ŋu (e.g., lé ŋku ɖe ayiku ƒe nɔnɔme ŋu le suklidɔléla aɖe ŋu).
• Dodokpɔ si wòle be woawɔ le fufɔɣi .
• Ne woxɔ wò ɖe kɔdzi .
• Hafi woawɔ amekoko ɖesiaɖe la .

Aleke wòle be madzra ɖo ɖe aɖuɖɔtoemedɔdada ŋu?

Nya nyuiae nye be zi geɖe la, esia mehiã dzadzraɖo tɔxɛ aɖeke o . Gake ne wò ɖɔkta alo ame aɖe si le dodokpɔxɔa me na mɔfiame tɔxɛwo wò la, ele be nàwɔ ɖe wo dzi pɛpɛpɛ.

• Ne ètsi dzi be yemate ŋu aɖu aɖuɖɔ o la, no tsi kplu ɖeka kpee hafi nàtsɔ kpɔɖeŋua ana. Gake nenɔ susu me na wò be ne èno tsi fũ eye nèɖe wò aɖuɖɔ me tsi la, emetsonuwo ate ŋu masɔ o.
• Gblɔ nya siawo na ɖɔktaa do ŋgɔ:
• Ne èle dzinu kpɔmGblɔ nenema elabena dzinukpɔkpɔ ƒe ʋu kple tsi si dona le vidzidɔ me ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe dodokpɔ aɖewo me tsonu dzi.
• Ne esesẽna na wò be nàɖe aɖuɖɔ le aƒea godo, abe ŋukpe ƒe tsinyegoe ƒe dɔléle ene la, gblɔ nya ma na wo hã. Woakpɔ mɔ bɔbɔe aɖe na wò.
• Ɣeaɖewoɣi la, ɖɔkta ate ŋu agblɔ hã be:
• Ele be woaɖe aɖuɖɔa le ŋdi kanya, eye woaɖe aɖuɖɔ gbãtɔ ne wofɔ .
• Mele be nàɖu nuɖuɖu aɖewo hafi adoe kpɔ o.
• Atike aɖewo ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe emetsonuwo dzi eye woate ŋu abia tso asiwò be nàdzudzɔ wo nono ŋkeke ʋɛ aɖewo . Gake ɖo ŋku edzi be ne wò ɖɔkta gblɔ na wò ko hafi wòle be nàdzudzɔ wo nono. Mègaxe mɔ na wo le ɖokuiwò si o.

Aleke woawɔ aɖuɖɔ dodokpɔ (urinalysis) nyuie?

Zi geɖe la, ahiã be nàyi tsileƒe le wò ɖɔkta ƒe dɔwɔƒe alo nudokpɔƒe aɖaɖe aɖuɖɔ. Woyɔa esia be "lãléle dzadzɛ" mɔnu. Efia be èƒoa kpɔɖeŋua nu ƒu dzadzɛ, ɖiƒoƒo aɖeke manɔmee. Le esia ta la, woana kpɔɖeŋukplu sue aɖe kple nututu siwo me dɔlékui mele o wò. Kpɔ egbɔ be yeklɔ asi nyuie kple adzalẽ kple tsi hafi nàƒo kpɔɖeŋua nu ƒu.

Ne lãkusi le ŋuwò la, ele be nàtsɔ kpɔɖeŋua ana abe alesi gbɔna ene:

1. Gbã la, nɔ anyi ɖe nugododeƒea eye nàkeke wò afɔwo ɖe vovo vie.

2. Zã wò asibidɛ eve nàtsɔ alé lãkusia ɖe axa eveawo.

3. Tsɔ nututu si me dɔlékui mele o si wona wò la tutu lãkusia ƒe eme, tso ŋgɔgbe vaseɖe megbe . (Mègatutue tso megbe yi ŋgɔ o, elabena esia ate ŋu ahe dɔlékuiwo tso aɖuɖɔ me ayi ŋgɔ).

4. Tsɔ nutunu bubu si me dɔlékui mele o eye nàtutu tsinyegoea.

5. Emegbe, gbã la, nàɖe aɖuɖɔ vie ayi nugododeƒea (esia aɖe dɔlékui siwo le aɖuɖɔtoea me la dometɔ aɖewo ɖa).

6. Emegbe, dzudzɔ aɖuɖɔɖɔɖɔ hena ɣeyiɣi aɖe, lé kplu si wona la ɖe adzɔge vie tso aɖuɖɔtoea gbɔ, eye nàɖe aɖuɖɔ ɖe eme. Aɖuɖɔ vaseɖe esime kplua nayɔ abe afã ene, alo alesi ɖɔktaa gblɔe na wò. Mehiã be wòayɔ afã keŋkeŋ o.

7. Klɔ susɔeawo (ne woli) ake ɖe nugododeƒea.

Ne ŋutsu ƒe vidzinu le asiwò la, ele be nàtsɔ kpɔɖeŋua ana abe alesi gbɔna ene:

1. Klɔ ŋutsu ƒe vidzinu ƒe ta nyuie kple nututu si me dɔlékui mele o si wona. Ne mètso aʋa o la, ele be nàkɔ akɔta gbã to ehehe ɖe megbe me.

2. Emegbe nàɖe aɖuɖɔ vie ayi nugododeƒea gbã.

3. Tɔ vie esime nèle aɖuɖɔ tom , lé kplu si wona wò ɖe wò vidzinu te la ɖe asi, eye nàɖe aɖuɖɔ ɖe eme. Aɖuɖɔ vaseɖe esime kplua nayɔ abe afã ene, alo alesi wò ɖɔkta gblɔe na wò. Mehiã be wòayɔ afã kple afã o.

4. Klɔ susɔeawo (ne woli) ake ɖe nugododeƒea.

Nusi le vevie wue nye be mègana kplu la ƒe eme alo nutsyɔnu ƒe eme naka wò ŋutilã, awu, alo teƒe bubu aɖeke o. Esia wɔwɔ ate ŋu aƒo ɖi kpɔɖeŋua.

Kpɔɖeŋu aɖe ɖeɖe to catheter dzi

Le nɔnɔme tɔxɛ aɖewo me la, le kpɔɖeŋu me, ne mète ŋu le aɖuɖɔ tom le ɖokuiwò si o la, ɖɔkta alo dɔnɔdzikpɔla ate ŋu ade mɔ̃ sue aɖe (catheter) wò tsinyegoe me be wòaxɔ aɖuɖɔ ƒe kpɔɖeŋu. Hafi woawɔ esia la, woatsɔ dɔlékuiwutike akɔ teƒe si ƒo xlã wò tsinyegoea. Emegbe woatsɔ catheter la ade eme eye woaƒo aɖuɖɔa nu ƒu ɖe nugoe dzadzɛ aɖe me. Emegbe woaɖe catheter la ɖa.

Nukae dzɔna le aɖuɖɔtoe me dzodzro vɔ megbe?

Ne ètsɔ kpɔɖeŋua na vɔ la, woɖonɛ ɖe dodokpɔxɔ aɖe be woadoe kpɔ. Abe alesi megblɔe va yi ene la, ɣeaɖewoɣi la, ɖɔkta ateŋu awɔ `dipstick` dodokpɔ le woƒe ɔfis tututu eye wòana emetsonu kaba.

Aleke mawɔ axlẽ nye aɖuɖɔtoeme dodokpɔ me tsonu?

Zi geɖe la, wò aɖuɖɔ dodokpɔ ŋuti nyatakaka aɖe nusiwo le abe:

• Dodokpɔa ƒe ŋkɔ alo nusi wodo kpɔ (e.g. Glucose, Protein, RBC).
• Wò emetsonu: Esia ateŋu anye xexlẽdzesi, `nyui` (ẽ) alo `vɔ̃ɖi` (ao), alo numeɖeɖe (e.g. amadede - ɣi, eme kɔ - eme kɔ). Ne nanewo li siwo woateŋu axlẽ, abe ʋumenugbagbevi dzĩwo, ʋumenugbagbevi ɣiwo, alo dɔlékuiwo ene la, emetsonu ateŋu anye ``ʋee``, ``le titina``, alo ``geɖe``.
• Asixɔxɔ alo didime si sɔ na dodokpɔ ma.
• Tabla si ɖee fia nenye be wò dɔwɔwɔ me tsonuawo le afisi sɔ alo mele nenema o .

Le dodokpɔ siwo wò ɖɔkta de se na nu la, emetsonu geɖe alo ʋɛ aɖewo ate ŋu anɔ wò nyatakakaa me. Esiawo ate ŋu adze abe xexlẽdzesi alo kplɔ̃ ene.

Nukae nye nusiwo dona tso aɖuɖɔtoe me dzodzro me le mɔ si sɔ nu?

Asixɔxɔ siwo sɔ ate ŋu ato vovo vie tso dodokpɔxɔ me yi bubu gbɔ, gake le goawo katã me la, ele be woadze abe esia ene:

• Amadede: Dzĩ si me kɔ va ɖo amber.
• Eme kɔ: Eme kɔ.
• pH ƒe asixɔxɔ: le 4.5 – 8.0 dome.
• Nuheŋusẽ Tɔxɛ: Le 1.005 – 1.030 dome.
• Glucose: Nu gbegblẽe wònye.
• Ketones: Nusiwo menyo o.
• Bilirubin: Nu gbegblẽe wònye.
• Nitrites: `(Negative)` aɖeke meli o.
• Ʋu/Hemoglobin: Menyo o.
• Protein: Ðeke meli o alo ʋɛ ŋutɔ (Negative alo Trace).
• Leukocyte Esterase: Nu gbegblẽe wònye.
• Ʋumenugbagbevi ɣiwo (WBC): .Xexlẽme siwo bɔbɔ ŋutɔ ne wokpɔe le nusuekpɔmɔ̃ me (e.g. 0-5 le HPF ɖesiaɖe me).
• Ʋumenugbagbevi dzĩwo (RBC): Woƒe xexlẽme le sue ŋutɔ ne wokpɔ wo le nusuekpɔmɔ̃ me (e.g. 0-2 le HPF ɖesiaɖe me).
• Dɔlékuiwo, amɔwɔʋãnu, kristalo, nusiwo wotsɔ ƒu gbe: ɖeke meli o alo wosɔ gbɔ ŋutɔ.

Nukae aɖuɖɔtoe me dodokpɔ me tsonu fia?

Eɖanye aɖuɖɔ dodokpɔ me tsonu nye ``positive`` alo le afisi wòle be wòanɔ o, efia be lãmesẽkuxi aɖe ate ŋu anɔ ŋuwò. Gake nu ɖeka aɖe li si dzi wòle be míaɖo ŋkui. Ƒã hafi ɖɔktawo nɔa te ɖe aɖuɖɔ dodokpɔ me tsonu ɖeɖeko dzi kpɔa dɔlélea. Ne nusiwo do tso eme mesɔ o la, ɖɔkta ate ŋu aɖe gbe be woagawɔ dodokpɔ bubuwo be woake ɖe nusi gbɔ wòtso ŋu.

Ɣeyiɣi didi kae wòxɔna hafi míenyaa emetsonuwo?

Zi geɖe la, àkpɔ wò aɖuɖɔ dodokpɔa me tsonu le dɔwɔŋkeke ɖeka alo eve me . Wò ɖɔkta agblɔe na wò, alo ɖewohĩ wò ŋutɔ àte ŋu adie le wò elektrɔnik lãmesẽ ŋuti nuŋlɔɖi me.

Ðe wòle be matsi dzi ne nu si mesɔ o do tso emea?

Ao, esi dodokpɔ ɖeka me tsonu mesɔ o ta la, mefia be enye nɔnɔme sesẽ o. Mefia be nu vevi aɖe le asiwò o. Wò ɖɔkta alé ŋku ɖe emetsonua ŋu ahagblɔ na wò nenye be kuxi ŋutɔŋutɔe wònye alo nenye be ehiã be woawɔ dodokpɔ bubuwo. Abu wò atikewɔwɔ ƒe nɔnɔme siwo nèzã va yi, wò dzesi siwo le ŋuwò fifia, kple atike siwo nèzãna ŋu.

Ɣeaɖewoɣi la, nu siwo gbɔna ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe aɖuɖɔ dodokpɔ me tsonu dzi:

• Atike kple kpeɖeŋutɔ aɖewo siwo nènona, abe vitaminwo ene . Le kpɔɖeŋu me, metronidazole, vitamin C ƒe kpeɖeŋutɔ.
• Ðiƒoƒo ate ŋu adzɔ ne woxɔ kpɔɖeŋua, tso dɔlékuiwo alo nu bubuwo me (e.g. tsi si dona le vidzidɔ me, dzinukpɔkpɔ ƒe ʋu) .

Ɣekaɣie wòle be maƒo ka na ɖɔktaa?

Ne ède dzesi tɔtrɔ yeye aɖewo le wò aɖuɖɔ me (e.g., amadede ƒe tɔtrɔ atraɖii, ʋeʋẽ wɔnuku, alo tɔtrɔ le eƒe aɖuɖɔtoe me), alo ne nya aɖe le asiwò ku ɖe wò aɖuɖɔ dodokpɔ me tsonu ŋu la, kpɔ egbɔ be yeƒo nu kple wò ɖɔkta.

Mlɔeba la, ɖo ŋku (Take-Home Message) dzi .

Ẽ, aɖuɖɔɖɔɖɔ ɖe kplu me ate ŋu anye nusi mebɔ o vie eye wòanye ŋukpe. Gake `Urinalysis` sia nye dodokpɔ `noninvasive` si naa ɖɔktaa nyatakaka vevi geɖe tso wò lãmesẽ ŋu evɔ megblẽa nu le míaƒe ŋutilã ŋu alo vea ame aɖeke o.

Dodokpɔ bɔbɔe sia ate ŋu akpe ɖe wò ɖɔkta ŋu wòade dzesi nɔnɔme aɖe kaba alo atso nya me nenye be ehiã be woagawɔ dodokpɔ bubuwo. Eyata, mègavɔ̃ be yeabia yeƒe ɖɔkta tso nusita nèhiã dodokpɔ sia kple nusi emetsonuwo fia ŋu o. Nu vevitɔ kekeakee nye be woana nànya nu tso wò lãmesẽ ŋu!

` Aɖuɖɔtoe me dzodzro, Aɖuɖɔtoe me dɔlékuiwo, Ayikudɔléle, Suklidɔ, Aɖuɖɔtoe ƒe Kpɔɖeŋu