Mina míasrɔ̃ nusianu tso wò ahɔhɔ̃ ƒe ŋgɔgbekpa ŋu le mɔ bɔbɔe aɖe nu.

Míaƒe ahɔhɔ̃ nye ŋutinu wɔnuku aɖe ŋutɔ, alo? Ekpɔa nusianu kloe si míebuna, míesena le mía ɖokui me, kple nusi míewɔna dzi. Eyata, egbea míele nu ƒom tso ahɔhɔ̃a ƒe akpa vovovoawo ƒe akpa tɔxɛ ɖeka si le vevie ŋutɔ la ŋu. Emae nye ahɔhɔ̃a ƒe akpa si le ŋgɔgbe, alo abe alesi ɖɔktawo yɔnae ene la, ``Ŋgɔgbe Lobe``.

Nukae nye ahɔhɔ̃a ƒe ŋgɔgbekpa? Afikae wòle?

Kpuie ko la, ``Frontal Lobe`` nye wò ahɔhɔ̃ ƒe akpa vevi atɔ̃awo dometɔ ɖeka. Abe alesi ŋkɔa ɖee fia ene la, ele wò ta ƒe ŋgɔgbe tututu. Ne míagblɔe tututu la, akpa vevi sia le wò ŋgonu megbe. Bu eŋu abe "dziɖuɖuxɔ" si le wò ta me ene.

`(Frontal Lobe)` sia wɔa dɔ aduadu kple ahɔhɔ̃a ƒe akpa bubuwo. Nusianu si míewɔna le nyanya me, si nye tamebubu kple akɔntabubu, nyametsotsowɔwɔ, akpa sia kpena ɖe ame ŋu le nusiawo katã me. Le lolome gome la, eŋutinunyalawo gblɔ be `(Cerebral Cortex)`, si nye ƒutsotsoe si le míaƒe ahɔhɔ̃ tame, ƒe 25% va ɖo 40% nye `(Frontal Lobe) sia.` Ema lolo vie, alo?

Eyata nukae dzɔna ɖe esia (Frontal Lobe) dzi? Nukae wòkpena ɖe míaƒe ŋutilã ŋu le?

Le nyateƒe me la, dɔ geɖewo li siwo ``Frontal Lobe'' sia wɔna. Na míalé ŋku ɖe wo dometɔ vevi aɖewo ŋu:

• Tamebubu: Esia lɔ nusianu ɖe ​​eme tso nane ŋu bubu dzro ko dzi va ɖo nyatakakawo me dzodzro le mɔ si gɔme sese sesẽ ŋutɔ nu. Nuŋububu nyuie, ʋɔnudɔdrɔ̃wo gbɔ vava, nyametsotsowo wɔwɔ, kple nu yeyewo toto vɛ (nuwɔwɔ) katã dzena le hatsotso sia me.
• Hadome gɔmesese: ``(Frontal Lobe)`` sia kpena ɖe mía ŋu míesea nuwo abe nusiwo nye nusiwo dzi woda asi ɖo le hadomegbenɔnɔ me, alesi wòle be míawɔ nui, nusi nyo be míagblɔ, kple nusi vɔ̃ be míagblɔ ene gɔme. Ele abe míaƒe "hadomegbenɔnɔ ƒe kɔmpasi" ene.
• Dɔdzikpɔlawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔwo: Esia adze nusi sesẽ vie, gake ne míagblɔe kpuie ko la, elɔ nuwo abe ɖokuidziɖuɖu, mɔxenuwo, susu ƒe dɔwɔwɔ, kple ŋkuɖoɖonudzi si wɔa dɔ, si nye ŋutete si le ame si be wòaɖo ŋku nyatakaka siwo ku ɖe nane ŋu dzi ne ele ewɔm dzi ɖe eme.
• Lɔlɔ̃nu faa lãmekawo ƒe ʋuʋu: Wokpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe wò lɔlɔ̃nu faa lãmekawo ƒe ʋuʋu, abe asi kɔkɔ, nane fɔfɔ, alo fɔfɔ kple azɔlizɔzɔ ene dzi le afisia. Azɔ hã, ahɔhɔ̃ ƒe akpa si kpɔa lãmeka siwo míezãna tsɔ ƒoa nu dzi hã le ``Frontal Lobe`` sia me.
• Nyatakakawo sɔsrɔ̃ kple ŋkuɖoɖo wo dzi: Akpa sia kpena ɖe ŋuwò nèsrɔ̃a nu yeye aɖe, ɖoa ŋku edzi be nàzã emegbe, eye nàɖo ŋku nu xoxowo hã dzi.

Bu eŋu kpɔ ko, ``Frontal Lobe'' sia kpena ɖe ŋuwò tso esime nèfɔ le ŋdi me eye nèwɔ ɖoɖo ɖe wò ŋkekea ŋu, va ɖo dɔme yiyi kple kuxi aɖe gbɔ kpɔkpɔ dzi, va ɖo nuƒoƒo kple xɔ̃wò aɖe dzi.

Nukae wotsɔ wɔ esia (Frontal Lobe)?

Abe míaƒe ahɔhɔ̃ ƒe akpa mamlɛa ene la, ``Frontal Lobe`` nye lãmenugbagbevi ƒomevi tɔxɛwo. Lãmenugbagbevi ƒomevi vevi eve li:

1. Ahɔhɔ̃mekawo: Esiawoe nye kadodo ƒe lãmenugbagbevi vevitɔwo le ahɔhɔ̃a kple lãmekawo me. Woate ŋu aɖo dzesiwo ɖe lãmekawo ƒe lãmenugbagbevi bubuwo. Dzesi siawo zɔa mɔ yia lãmekawo me abe elektrikŋusẽ ƒe gbedasiwo (impulses) ene. Emegbe, elektrik-dzesi siawo trɔna zua atikewo eye woɖea wo ɖa le lãmekawo ƒe lãmenugbagbevi la me. Lãmetsiŋusẽ ƒe lãmenugbagbevi si kplɔe ɖo dea dzesi atike mawo eye wòwɔa elektrikŋusẽ ƒe dzesi bubu. Aleae gbedasiwo zɔna kabakaba ŋutɔ le ahɔhɔ̃a me.

2. Glial cells: Esiawoe nye "kpeɖeŋutɔ lãmenugbagbeviwo" le lãmekawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me. Womeɖoa dzesiwo ɖe amewo o, gake wowɔa dɔ vevi geɖe, abe lãmekawo ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo dzi kpɔkpɔ, gbeɖuɖɔ ɖeɖeɖa, nunyiame nana, kple xɔtunua léle ɖe te ene.

Dɔléle kple dɔléle kawoe bɔ siwo gblẽa nu le ŋgɔgbeƒu ŋu?

Dɔléle ɖesiaɖe kloe si ate ŋu agblẽ nu le ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ŋu ate ŋu agblẽ nu le ŋgɔgbeƒu ŋu. Azɔ hã, ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe tsitsi ƒe nɔnɔme aɖewo li siwo kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe ahɔhɔ̃a ƒe tsitsi dzi siwo ate ŋu ahe dzesi siwo do ƒome kple ŋgɔgbeƒu koŋ vɛ. Na míalé ŋku ɖe nɔnɔme siwo ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe edzi la dometɔ aɖewo ŋu:

• Alzheimer ƒe dɔlélea
• Nuƒoƒo ƒe kuxiwo, vevietɔ `(Expressive aphasia)` alo `(Broca's aphasia)` (si me nènya nya si nèdi be yeagblɔ, gake nyawo ƒoƒo ƒu ɖekae sesẽna na wò)
• Susu ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie ƒe dɔléle (ADHD) .
• Autism spectrum dɔléle
• Ahɔhɔ̃ ƒe abi alo nusiwo gblẽ (Ahɔhɔ̃ ƒe abi) (esiawo ate ŋu atso dɔlélewo alo nuwo abe amekoko ene gbɔ) .
• Ahɔhɔ̃ me dɔdzẽ (dɔdzẽ siwo me kansa le kple esiwo menye kansa o siaa) .
• Aɖi si nye carbon monoxide ƒe aɖi
• Ta ƒe abixɔxɔ, vevietɔ lãmetutudɔ kple ahɔhɔ̃ me abi gã bubu siwo gblẽa nu le ame ŋu
• Corticobasal ƒe gbegblẽ
• Frontotemporal dementia (le kpɔɖeŋu me, Pick ƒe dɔléle) .
• Domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe nɔnɔmewo (e.g. Huntington ƒe dɔléle, Wilson ƒe dɔléle) .
• Taɖuame Kple Taɖuame
• Ga kpekpewo ƒe aɖi alo aɖi bubuwo ɖuɖu
• Dɔlékuiwo (vevietɔ dɔlékui siwo hea ahɔhɔ̃medɔléle, abe tagbɔdɔ ene) .
• Susu ƒe lãmesẽ ƒe nɔnɔmewo, le kpɔɖeŋu me, seselelãme ƒe kuxiwo, dzimaɖitsitsi ƒe kuxiwo, kple amenyenye ƒe kuxiwo
• Lewy ŋutilã ƒe tagbɔdɔléle
• Alɔ̃madɔmadɔ (vevietɔ ŋgɔgbeƒu ƒe alɔ̃madɔmadɔ) kple dɔléle siwo do ƒome kple alɔ̃madɔmadɔ abe asrã ene
• Ʋusɔgbɔdɔ Kple Ʋumenugbagbeviɣidɔ (TIA) .

Nukawoe nye dzesi siwo bɔ ɖe kuxi aɖe si le Frontal Lobe ŋu me?

Le nyateƒe me la, dzesi geɖewo li siwo ateŋu atso kuxi aɖe si le ``Ŋgɔgbe Lobe'' me gbɔ. Susu eve tae dzesi siawo to vovo tso wo nɔewo gbɔ ɖo:

1. Elabena wò ``Frontal Lobe'' wɔa dɔ vovovowo.

2. Elabena atikewɔwɔ ƒe nɔnɔme vovovo gbogbo aɖewo ateŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe ``Frontal Lobe'' sia dzi.

Ke hã, dzesi geɖewo li siwo wokpɔna zi geɖe kple kuxiwo le ``Ŋgɔgbe Lobe'' me:

• Amenyenye ƒe tɔtrɔ: Nuwo abe dzimesesẽ wu tsã, dzikudodo kabakaba, kple nuwɔna si tsi tre ɖe hadomenuwɔnawo ŋu ene.
• Esesẽna be woakpɔ nusi gbɔ wòtso kple nusi wògblẽ, susu tsɔtsɔ ɖo nuwo ŋu, ɖoɖowɔwɔ ɖe nuwo ŋu, ɖoɖowɔwɔ, alo tɔtrɔ tso dɔ aɖe dzi yi bubu dzi.
• Dɔdzikpɔlawo ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie: Abe alesi míegblɔe va yi ene la, nyametsotsowɔwɔ, ɖoɖowɔwɔ, kple ɖokuidziɖuɖu me léle ɖe asi sesẽ.
• Ame ƒe seselelãmewo kple nuwɔnawo dzi ɖuɖu sesẽ, vevietɔ alesi ame magate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe nusi wògblɔna kple nusi wòwɔna dzi o.
• Ŋkuɖoɖonudzi ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie (Amnesia) ƒomevi aɖewo.
• Lãmetsi aɖewo ʋuʋu sesẽ, siwo dome lãmeka siwo wozãna tsɔ ƒoa nu hã le.

Nukawoe nye dodokpɔ siwo wowɔna zi geɖe tsɔ léa ŋku ɖe ŋgɔgbeƒu ƒe lãmesẽ ŋu?

Mɔ vovovowo li ɖɔktawo si dzi woato alé ŋku ɖe wò ŋkume ƒe lãmesẽ ŋu. Esiawo dometɔ aɖewoe nye dodokpɔ siwo wowɔna tsɔ dia dɔlélewoe, dodokpɔ siwo wowɔna le dodokpɔxɔ me, kple nɔnɔmetatawo ɖeɖeɖa. Kpɔɖeŋu aɖewoe nye:

• Ʋudodokpɔ: Esiawo ate ŋu ade dzesi nu vovovowo, tso dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe kuxiwo dzi va ɖo aɖi siwo le ŋutilãa me dzi (vevietɔ ga siwo le abe akɔbli, mercury, kple lifi ene).
• CT scan (Kɔmpiutadziɖoɖo - CT scan) .
• EEG (Electroencephalogram - EEG) dodokpɔ (kpɔ ahɔhɔ̃a ƒe elektrikŋusẽ ƒe dɔwɔwɔ) .
• EMG dodokpɔ (Electromyogram - lãmekawo ƒe ʋuʋu dodokpɔ) (ekpɔa gbedasi siwo zɔna to lãmekawo me ƒe duƒuƒu) .
• Evoked potentials - seselelãme dodokpɔwo (kpɔ alesi seselelãmewo zɔa mɔ yia ahɔhɔ̃a gbɔe) .
• MRI Scan (Magnetic Resonance Nɔnɔmetatawo - MRI) .
• Neuropsychological testing (doa nuwo abe tamebubu, ŋkuɖoɖonudzi, susu ƒe dɔwɔwɔ, kple bubuawo kpɔna) .
• PET ƒe fotoɖeɖe (Positron Emission Tomography - PET ƒe fotoɖeɖe) .

Nukawoe nye atike siwo wozãna zi geɖe na nɔnɔme siwo gblẽa nu le ŋgɔgbeƒu ŋu?

Dɔléle siwo do ƒome kple Frontal Lobe ƒe atikewɔwɔ ate ŋu ato vovo abe nɔnɔmeawo ŋutɔ ene. Wò ɖɔkta ate ŋu aɖo aɖaŋu na wò nyuie wu le atikewɔwɔ nyuitɔ kekeake siwo nàte ŋu azã na wò nɔnɔmea kple nusiwo wò ɖɔkta kafu na wò ŋu. Eyata ele vevie be nàdi atikewɔlawo ƒe aɖaŋuɖoɖo ne dzesi aɖewo le ŋuwò.

Nukae mate ŋu awɔ be nye (Frontal Lobe) nanɔ lãmesẽ me?

Nu geɖe li nàte ŋu awɔ be wò ahɔhɔ̃ bliboa, si me wò ŋgɔgbekpa hã le, nanɔ lãmesẽ me. Woate ŋu axe mɔ ɖe ahɔhɔ̃medɔ aɖewo nu. Togbɔ be womate ŋu axe mɔ ɖe ɖewo nu o hã la, àte ŋu aɖe afɔku si le wo xɔxɔ me dzi akpɔtɔ. Nu siwo nàte ŋu awɔ be wò ahɔhɔ̃ nanɔ lãmesẽ me dometɔ aɖewoe nye esi:

• Ðu nuɖuɖu si da sɔ: Nuɖuɖu si nèɖuna kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe wò ʋu ƒe sisi ƒe lãmesẽ dzi. Ʋu ƒe sisi nyuie le vevie hafi ahɔhɔ̃a nate ŋu awɔ dɔ nyuie (le kpɔɖeŋu me, ʋusɔgbɔdɔ nye ne ʋu ƒe sisi ƒe kuxiwo gblẽ nu le ahɔhɔ̃a ŋu). Azɔ hã, vitamin aɖewo ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ alo ʋɛ akpa ate ŋu agblẽ nu le ahɔhɔ̃a ŋu.
• Di mɔ siwo dzi nàto alé kpekpeme nyui me ɖe asi eye nànɔ kame dem: Wò kpekpeme kple kamedede ate ŋu akpe ɖe ŋuwò nàxe mɔ ɖe nɔnɔme siwo gblẽa nu le ahɔhɔ̃a ŋu nu alo ahe wo ɖe megbe, vevietɔ dzitodzito me kuxiwo abe ʋusɔgbɔdɔ ene. Àte ŋu abia wò ƒomea ƒe ɖɔkta be wòaɖo aɖaŋu na wò le nusi kpekpeme ƒe didime si le lãmesẽ me nye na wò kple nusi nàte ŋu awɔ be wòalé eme ɖe asi ŋu. Lãmesẽfefe kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe ahɔhɔ̃a ƒe lãmesẽ dzi tẽ. Ekpena ɖe ʋu ƒe sisi nyuie ŋu, eye wòkpena ɖe ahɔhɔ̃a hã ŋu wòwɔa atikewo ƒe dɔla siwo woyɔna be ``neurotransmitters''.
• Do ametakpɔnu ne ehiã: Esi wònye be wò ŋgɔgbekpa le wò ta ƒe ŋgɔgbe ta la, àte ŋu axɔ abi le ahɔhɔ̃ me bɔbɔe wu. Eyata ele vevie ŋutɔ be woazã ametakpɔnu abe gakuku kple zikpuimeka ene ne èle ʋuwo me.
• Dzra wò nɔnɔme siwo nɔa anyi didi gbɔ: Nɔnɔme geɖe siwo gblẽa nu le ahɔhɔ̃a ŋu la nu sẽna ɖe edzi le ɣeyiɣi aɖe megbe. Gake ne wowɔ atike na wò nyuie la, àte ŋu atɔ te wo ɣeaɖewoɣi alo ahe woƒe gbegblẽ ɖe megbe. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, nɔnɔmewo abe Suklidɔ Ƒomevi 2 lia kple Aɖuɖɔtoedɔ ene.

Ŋutinya dodzidzɔname aɖe tso Frontal Lobe ŋu!

Wò ``Frontal Lobe`` nye afisi wò ahɔhɔ̃ ƒe akpa siwo kpɔa amesi nènye dzi, vevietɔ wò amenyenye kple alesi nèwɔa nui, le. Alesi nèbua tamee, wò ŋutete be nàkpɔ kuxiwo gbɔ, wò ŋutete be nàwɔ hadomekadodowo, wò agbenyuinɔnɔ, kple wò ŋutete be nàse nyui kple vɔ̃ gɔme katã nɔ te ɖe wò ``Ŋgɔgbe Lobe`` ƒe akpawo dzi.

Ketekemɔdzikpɔla aɖe si ŋkɔe nye Phineas Gage gbɔe eŋutinunyalawo va nya esia. Le ƒe 1848 me la, gayibɔti aɖe to Gage ƒe ta me esime wowó le ketekemɔ aɖe tutuƒe, eye wògblẽ nu le eƒe ŋgɔgbe ƒe miame. Hafi afɔkua nadzɔ la, Gage nye kplɔla si fa tu, si ŋu wodea bubui ŋutɔ le ehati dɔwɔlawo dome. Nukutɔe la, Gage tsi agbe le afɔkua me. Gake le afɔkua megbe la, eƒe amenyenye trɔ kura. Eva doa dziku, amemabumabu, eye wògblɔa nya ƒaƒãwo zi geɖe.

Gake Gage ƒe amenyenye ƒe tɔtrɔwo menɔ anyi ɖaa o. Ƒe ene le afɔkua megbe la, Gage yi Chile, South America, eye wòwɔ dɔ abe sɔwo ƒe tasiaɖamkula ene. Ðɔkta aɖe si do Gage kpɔ le ƒe 1858 ƒe nuwuwu alo ƒe 1859 ƒe gɔmedzedze ka nya ta be eƒe ŋutilã le lãmesẽ me eye “susu ƒe ŋutete aɖeke megblẽ le eŋu o.”

Togbɔ be Gage ƒe lãme sẽ tso afɔkua me ƒe akpa gãtɔ hã la, eku le San Francisco le ƒe 1860 me le alɔ̃dɔdɔ ta. Anɔ eme be nusiwo wògblẽ le afɔkua me gbɔe wòtso. Gake eƒe nyaa kpe ɖe egbegbe atikewɔwɔ ŋu ŋutɔ be wòse nusiwo dzɔna le ŋgɔgbe ƒe lãkusi me gɔme, vevietɔ alesi wòkpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe amenyenye dzii.

Mlɔeba la, nusiwo dzi wòle be woaɖo ŋkui (Take-Home Message) .

Ne èbu wò ``Frontal Lobe`` ŋu la, le nyateƒe me la, èle gbɔgblɔm na wò ahɔhɔ̃ ƒe akpa aɖe be wòabu eŋu. Wò ``Frontal Lobe`` nye wò ahɔhɔ̃ ƒe akpa vevitɔwo dometɔ ɖeka. Ekpɔa aɖaŋu geɖe siwo nèzãna le wò gbesiagbegbenɔnɔ me dzi hekpɔa wo dzi. Afi mae nèkpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe nuwo abe wò amenyenye, seselelãme, kple ʋɔnudɔdrɔ̃ ene hã dzi le.

Eyata, beléle na wò ``Frontal Lobe'' nyuie, kple atikewɔwɔ na nɔnɔme siwo gblẽa nu le eŋu, ateŋu ana tɔtrɔ gã aɖe nava le alesi wòkpena ɖe wò agbe ŋui me. Ahɔhɔ̃a nye nunɔamesi xɔasi aɖe, eye enye míaƒe agbanɔamedzi be míakpɔ eta.

` Frontal lobe, ahɔhɔ̃ ƒe dɔwɔwɔ, amenyenye, nyametsotsowɔwɔ, ahɔhɔ̃ ƒe lãmesẽ, ahɔhɔ̃ŋutinunya