Although it is not talked about much among our people, colon cancer is a disease that can spread silently. But the good news is that if it is detected early, it can be completely cured, and sometimes even prevented before it becomes cancer. The best and only way to do that is to get screened at the right time. Just like we check our blood pressure and cholesterol, these tests are also very important with age. Today, we will talk about this in a way that you can understand, like a friend.
Why are these screening tests so important?
Simply put, most colon cancers don't develop all at once. They start as small growths (polyps) that grow inside the colon. Not all of these growths become cancerous, but some types can develop into cancer over time.
Here's the important thing: When we do these tests, doctors can see these growths before they become cancerous and remove them right there. That means we stop the potential for cancer to develop right there. Also, even if cancer does develop, it can be detected at a very early stage, so the chances of a complete cure are much higher.
The main test for this is a colonoscopy , which involves examining the inside of your entire large intestine using a thin, flexible tube with a camera.
What is the usual age to start testing?
The recommendation of recognized health institutions around the world is that anyone without specific risk factors should begin screening for colon cancer for the first time at the age of 45 .
However, this is for those who are not at any particular risk. Some people may need to start testing earlier. Let's now see who falls into that 'special risk' category.
Are you at particular risk? Let's see.
If any of the following apply to you, you may be at higher risk than the average person. Therefore, you should consider getting tested before the age of 45.
- If you have previously had polyps in your colon: If polyps have been removed during a previous colonoscopy, you are at higher risk.
- If you have Inflammatory Bowel Disease: If a doctor has diagnosed you with a disease such as `Crohn's disease` or `Ulcerative Colitis`.
- If someone in your family has had colon cancer or polyps: Especially if a very close relative, such as your mother, father, siblings, or children, developed these diseases before the age of 60, or if two close relatives developed them at any age.
- If you have a family history of cancer: These are rare, genetic conditions. For example, if you know someone in your family has a condition like `Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)` or `Hereditary Non-polyposis Colon Cancer (HNPCC).`
- If you have previously received radiation therapy to the abdomen or pelvic area: If you have received radiation therapy to these areas as a treatment for another cancer.
If you have any of these risk factors, please discuss it with your doctor, who will determine the best screening schedule for you.
Recommended testing schedule for special risk groups
If you are in a high-risk group, the frequency of colonoscopy varies. This is a bit complicated, so let's break it down into a table. But remember, these are just general recommendations. Only your gastroenterologist can determine the exact schedule for you.
| Risk Group | How to do a Colonoscopy (Screening Schedule) |
|---|---|
| People who have previously had polyps |
|
| People who have had surgery for colon cancer | Within a year of surgery. If it is normal, then again in 3 years . If that is also normal, then every 5 years . |
| People with a family history of cancer | At age 40 or 10 years earlier than the age at which a close relative developed cancer (whichever comes first). If it is normal, then every 5 years . |
| Those with family FAP status | Screening should begin at age 10-12 and should be done every year . If confirmed by genetic testing, colon resection may be considered because the risk of cancer is very high. |
| People with familial HNPCC | Starting at age 20-25 or 2-5 years earlier than the age at which the closest relative developed cancer (whichever comes first), and every year or two . |
| People with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) | Starting 8 years after the onset of the disease, every year or two . |
The importance of talking to your doctor
You may feel a little confused when you see this table. That's normal. The important thing is to talk openly with your family doctor or gastroenterologist, rather than relying on this information in your head and making decisions on your own.
He or she will decide exactly when you need your next test after considering many factors, such as your personal health history, family history, and how well you prepped your colon before the colonoscopy.
Take-Home Message
- Early detection of colon cancer and removal of polyps can save lives, so don't be afraid of these tests.
- If you don't have any special risk factors, talk to your doctor about starting screening at age 45.
- If anyone in your family has had colon cancer or polyps, be sure to tell your doctor. This is important to help determine the age at which you should start screening.
- Screening schedules for high-risk groups can be complicated, so always consult your doctor to find out what schedule is best for you.
- Colonoscopy is a very valuable opportunity to prevent disease. Don't be afraid of it, think about your health and take the necessary steps.
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