Have you ever heard the word "Ependymoma"? Maybe this name is a little new. Simply put, it is a tumor that develops in our brain or spinal cord . It is normal to feel a little scared when you hear something like this, but don't worry. Today we will talk about this in all clarity, as if we were talking to a good friend.
What exactly is an Ependymoma?
Well, let's start at the beginning. Ependymoma is a primary tumor . "Primary" means that the tumor first forms in your brain or spinal cord. That is, it has not spread (metastasized) from somewhere else in the body.
These are a type of glioma . Glioma is a type of tumor that starts in the supporting cells of the brain and spinal cord. Did you know that ependymoma is the sixth most common type of brain tumor in children ? But it can also develop in adults. So, it can affect anyone, regardless of age.
Are Ependymoma tumors dangerous? Are they malignant?
I know this question is on your mind. Doctors classify ependymomas based on how fast they grow . Just like grades in school, these tumors are graded from 1 to 3.
- Grade 1 tumors: These are the most common and are usually non-cancerous, meaning they are "benign."
- Grade 2 tumors: These are also generally benign, non-cancerous, and less likely to metastasize.
- Grade 3 tumors: These are malignant or "cancerous" tumors . They grow faster than tumors in other grades.
So, the answer to the question "Is it dangerous?" depends on the grade of the nut and a few other factors.
What are the main types of Ependymoma?
In addition to the grades, there are different types of Ependymoma. Let's take a look at that as well:
- Subependymoma (Grade 1): These most often develop in the ventricles, the chambers inside your brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) . They are more common in adults than children.
- Classic Ependymoma (Grade 2): "Classic" is the most common type . It can occur in both children and adults.
- Myxopapillary Ependymoma (Grade 2): This type mainly develops in the lower part of your spinal cord . It is most common in older men.
- Anaplastic Ependymoma (Grade 3): These usually develop at the base of the brain. They grow very quickly and can spread to other parts of the brain. These types of tumors are most likely to recur after treatment.
What are the symptoms of Ependymoma?
The symptoms of an ependymoma tumor can vary greatly depending on where the tumor is located , because different parts of the brain and spinal cord control different body functions.
Here are some of the most common symptoms:
- Back pain
- Balance issues
- Blurry vision or other vision changes
- Dizziness
- Headaches - This may be worse in the morning or may be accompanied by vomiting.
- Mood swings - Feeling angry or sad more than before.
- Muscle weakness - A feeling of numbness in an arm or leg.
- Nausea & vomiting
- Neck pain
- Numbness in your arms or legs
- Seizures
- Urinary incontinence - involuntary leakage of urine.
Important: If you have one or more of these symptoms, don't assume it's an ependymoma. They can also be caused by other health conditions. However, it's always wise to seek medical advice if you have any of these symptoms.
Symptoms in infants and young children:
Babies and toddlers who can't speak can't express their difficulties like we can. So, as parents, you need to be mindful of things like:
- A larger-than-usual head
- Sleeplessness, being constantly awake
- Unusual irritability or fussing
- Vomiting or spitting up more than usual
If you see symptoms like these, it is very important to take your child to a doctor immediately.
What causes Ependymoma?
This is a question that many people have. To be honest, experts have not yet found a specific cause for Ependymoma.
However, there are some speculations. It is thought that these may be caused by some mistake that occurs when the "ependymal cells" in our brain divide and form new ones. There is also an opinion that some genetic variations may affect this.
Some studies have found that people with a genetic condition called "Neurofibromatosis type 2" are more likely to develop ependymoma. However, experts are still not sure if there is a definitive link between the two. Research into this is still ongoing.
How do doctors diagnose Ependymoma?
If you have symptoms of ependymoma, a doctor will perform several tests to diagnose the condition.
First, the doctor will ask you about your symptoms , such as when they started and how they feel. Then they will do a physical exam and a neurological exam.
In addition, the following tests may be performed:
- MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scan: This is often the first major test done. It can produce detailed images of the brain and spinal cord.
- CT (Computed Tomography) scan: This can also take pictures of the brain and spinal cord. Sometimes this may be needed in addition to an MRI.
- Biopsy: This involves taking a small piece of tissue from the tumor and examining it under a microscope . This test is essential to know exactly what type and grade the tumor is. Sometimes this biopsy is also taken during surgery to completely remove the tumor.
- Lumbar Puncture: In this test, a small amount of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is taken from your lower back. This helps to see if cancer cells have spread to the spinal fluid. Not everyone needs this.
The results of these tests will determine whether or not you have ependymoma.
What are the treatments for Ependymoma?
Doctors use several main methods to treat ependymoma. The best treatment plan for you will depend on many factors, including your condition, the type and grade of the tumor, its location, your age, and your overall health.
- Surgery: This is the most common treatment for ependymoma. A surgeon will try to remove as much of the tumor as possible. Sometimes, depending on the location of the tumor, it may be difficult to remove it completely.
- Radiation therapy: This uses high-energy X-rays or other types of radiation to destroy tumor cells. Radiation therapy may be given after surgery to destroy any remaining cells or to shrink the tumor before surgery.
- Chemotherapy (chemo): This involves giving drugs that kill cancer cells . Chemotherapy is usually only used for ependymoma if the tumor has spread to other parts of the body. This is less common in ependymoma.
- Immunotherapy: This involves giving your body drugs that stimulate your body's natural immune system to help fight cancer. This treatment is rarely used for ependymoma.
Your medical team will discuss with you what treatment is best for you.
What is the survival rate for someone with Ependymoma?
This is a very sensitive issue. The five-year survival rate for ependymoma is approximately 85% . That means that within five years of diagnosis, about 85 out of 100 people are still alive.
But, keep this in mind: These statistics don't apply to everyone. This is just a general estimate. It can vary depending on your personal situation, the type of tumor, and other factors. Your doctors will tell you more about this.
There are several factors that affect survival rates:
- The tumor's grade - Lower-grade tumors generally have better outcomes.
- The tumor's location - Some tumors are easier to remove.
- Your age - Younger people can sometimes respond better to treatment.
- Your overall health
Can Ependymoma cancer be completely cured?
"Curing cancer" is a bit complicated. There is currently no such thing as a "complete cure" for cancer. However, even a Grade 3 Ependymoma can be completely removed or destroyed with treatment.
However, it is important to remember that even after being declared cancer-free, an ependymoma can still recur. This risk is especially high for grade 3 tumors. Your doctor will explain this to you based on your age, health, and the type of tumor.
When should I see a doctor?
After you have been treated for ependymoma, your doctor will tell you how often you should see him or her (follow-up visits). These visits are very important because they help monitor your body for any changes and to see if the tumor has returned.
Regular imaging tests, such as MRI, are also recommended during and after treatment.
What questions should I ask my doctor?
When you find out you have an ependymoma, it's normal to have a lot of questions. Don't be afraid to ask your doctor any questions you have. Don't think, "Is this a stupid question?" It's your right to know about your health.
Here are some questions you can ask:
- What grade is my ependymoma?
- What type of tumor is this? (Which type of tumor is it?)
- What kind of treatment will I need?
- What are the chances the ependymoma comes back after it's removed?
Finally, things to remember
Ependymoma is a tumor that develops in the brain or spinal cord. Although there are different grades and types, the good news is that all of them are treatable. Many people have these tumors successfully removed through surgery and live without long-term effects.
Your doctor will explain everything you need to know about Ependymoma and what treatment you need. Don't be afraid to ask questions at any time. Talk to your doctor about anything you have in mind, any concerns you may have. They are there to help you.
Face this situation with courage, you are not alone.
` Ependymoma, brain tumors, spinal cord tumors, glioma, cancer, childhood cancer, medical treatment
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