It's normal for your mom, dad, or grandma to forget little things as they get older. But if this forgetfulness becomes more severe, to the point where you can't do your daily tasks, it could be the beginning of Alzheimer's disease. Don't be scared when you hear this. The most important thing is to understand this condition correctly . Today, we'll talk about it very simply, in a way that you can understand.
Simply put, what is Alzheimer's?
Alzheimer's is a disease that gradually destroys our memory. It mainly affects the brain. The first thing that happens is that we start to forget things that happened recently. But surprisingly, we can remember things that happened years ago very well.
Over time, other symptoms may appear. For example:
- Difficulty concentrating on something.
- Even simple everyday tasks, such as making tea, can be difficult to accomplish.
- Feeling confused and frustrated , especially at night.
- Sudden feelings of anger, fear, and depression.
- Forgetting roads, places, and getting lost.
- Physical problems such as changes in walking style and loss of balance.
- Difficulty talking and communicating with others.
When this disease becomes severe, one may forget one's own children and family. One may become unable to dress oneself, eat, or even go to the toilet on one's own. This disease gradually destroys brain tissue over time. This condition is usually seen most often in people over the age of 65 .
Are Alzheimer's and Dementia the same thing?
Although these two words are often used together, there is a slight difference.
Dementia is not the name of a specific disease. It is a general term for a collection of symptoms that affect memory, thinking ability, and behavior.
Alzheimer's is the most common specific disease that causes dementia. That is, dementia can also occur for reasons other than Alzheimer's.
The three stages of Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease usually progresses gradually through three main stages. It is important for both the patient and their caregivers to be aware of this.
| Stage | Description and Symptoms |
|---|---|
| Early stage (Mild) | During this time, symptoms are not as obvious. Only those closest to you will notice any changes. You can still do things like drive and participate in social activities. However, you may begin to lose track of details, plan tasks, and forget where you put things. |
| Moderate | This is the longest stage of the disease. You may stay in this stage for years. Symptoms gradually worsen, and others may notice this change. You may have difficulty performing daily tasks, and you may feel confused all the time. You may notice significant changes in behavior. You may need someone to help you for safety and security. |
| Final stage (Severe) | At this stage, the patient requires care 24 hours a day . They may not even be aware of where they are. They are unable to perform even simple physical activities such as walking, sitting, and eventually swallowing food. Talking is very difficult. At this stage, it is very important to seek help from specialized care services to provide comfort to the patient and family. |
Why does Alzheimer's disease occur? What are the causes?
Although people who develop Alzheimer's usually get older, it is not a normal part of the aging process. Scientists are still not sure why some people develop it and others do not. However, they do know that two main causes of these symptoms are damage to nerve cells in the brain:
1. Nerve cell tangles: These are called ``Neurofibrillary tangles''.
2. Protein deposits: Deposits of a type of protein called `(Beta-amyloid plaques)` in the brain.
Research is still ongoing into how and why this damage occurs. It is thought that a protein in the blood called `ApoE (Apolipoprotein E)` may be involved.
Is this something that comes from generations?
The answer to this question is a bit complicated. Researchers have identified several genes that increase or decrease the risk of Alzheimer's disease. But there is no single genetic cause of Alzheimer's disease.
If your parents or siblings have had the disease, your risk of developing it is slightly higher. But it doesn't mean you will definitely develop it. Also, someone who doesn't have a family history of the disease can still develop Alzheimer's.
How do you know for sure if you have this disease?
If you suspect you have Alzheimer's disease, the first thing to do is see your doctor . He or she will refer you to a neurologist if necessary. To make a diagnosis, the doctor will ask you questions such as:
- Do you have problems with your memory or thinking? If so, to what extent has it affected you?
- Has there been a change in your behavior or personality?
- How do these problems affect your daily life?
It is very important to have a family member with you at this time, because that person can tell the doctor even about things you don't remember.
In addition, the doctor may order various tests to confirm the disease.
- Neurological tests that measure your memory, problem-solving ability, and language ability.
- Blood and urine tests to ensure that there are no other medical conditions.
- Brain scans to check brain function. Examples: `(CT)`, `(MRI)`, and `(PET)` scans.
- In some cases, a spinal tap is performed to check the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
What are the treatments for Alzheimer's disease?
Unfortunately, there is no cure for Alzheimer's disease yet . However, there are medications that can help slow the progression of the disease, control symptoms, and make life easier.
The medications your doctor prescribes will depend on the stage of the disease you are in and the symptoms you are experiencing. Some newer drugs (Lecanemab, Donanemab) remove harmful proteins in the brain and control the progression of the disease, while other drugs help improve memory and thinking skills and control behavioral problems.
Most importantly: Never take medication on your own or on the advice of others. Always seek treatment only under the advice of a specialist .
Are there things we can do to protect ourselves from Alzheimer's disease?
Although there is still no way to 100% prevent Alzheimer's disease, there are several lifestyle changes we can adopt to reduce our risk.
- Control high blood pressure: High blood pressure is a major risk factor that can lead to memory loss later in life.
- Exercise regularly: Physical activity is very beneficial for brain health.
- Follow a healthy diet: A diet low in sugar and saturated fats, and rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains helps protect the brain.
- Stay social: Talking to others and engaging in various activities helps keep the brain active.
- Protect your head: Head injuries can increase your risk of Alzheimer's in the future, so take precautions.
- Reduce stress: Keep your mind calm through things like yoga and meditation.
A few tips for caring for someone with Alzheimer's
Caring for someone with Alzheimer's is not easy. It requires a lot of patience, kindness, and understanding. If you are caring for someone with Alzheimer's, these tips will help you.
- Establish a routine: Make it a habit to do things like bathing, eating, and getting dressed at the same time every day. This will reduce their confusion.
- Speak clearly and calmly: Use simple words that they understand. Listen patiently.
- Make your home environment safe: Remove slippery carpets. Install grab bars in the bathroom. Ensure there is good lighting.
- Let them be as independent as possible: Don't help them with things they can do on their own. This will help maintain their self-confidence.
- Think about yourself too: While caring for a sick person, take time to relax and do things you enjoy. If necessary, ask for help from other family members or friends.
Take-Home Message
- Alzheimer's is not a normal part of aging. It is a progressive disease that damages brain cells.
- Memory loss, difficulty performing daily tasks, and behavioral changes are the main symptoms.
- Although the disease cannot be completely cured, there are treatments to control the symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. For this, it is essential to seek medical advice .
- A healthy lifestyle can reduce the risk of disease.
- Caring for someone with Alzheimer's is a challenge. It requires patience, understanding, and your own support. It is important to be aware of the situation and face it head on, without fear.
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