Do you also have back pain and fever? It could be a kidney infection (pyelonephritis)!

Do you suddenly feel weak, shivery, and have a fever? Do you also have a severe pain in your lower back, on one side? If you have a burning sensation when you go to the toilet or urinate, this may not be a simple fever. If many of these symptoms come together, it is more likely to be a kidney infection. Don't worry, we will talk about this in a simple way that you can understand.

Simply put, what is this kidney infection (Pyelonephritis)?

A kidney infection is actually the most serious form of a urinary tract infection (UTI). We usually call a "urinary tract infection" or "UTI" an infection that occurs in the bladder or urethra. However, if the bacteria that caused this infection don't stop there, but travel up and enter one or both of your kidneys, that's what we call a kidney infection or "pyelonephritis."

Think of our urinary system as a water pipe system. The two kidneys are the two water filters. The urine that comes from there comes through two tubes (ureters) and collects in a tank called the bladder. When the tank is full, we expel it through the other tube called the urethra. Now, bacteria that enter from the bottom of this system, that is, through the urethra, can travel all the way up these tubes and infect the two water filters, that is, the kidneys.

What are the symptoms of a kidney infection?

Along with the typical symptoms of a urinary tract infection, such as burning sensation in the bladder and frequent urination, a kidney infection can also cause a number of other symptoms. These can be sudden and severe, making the body feel uncomfortable.

Why do we get kidney infections?

Most of the time, this is caused by bacteria. It is very rare for it to be caused by viruses. The main bacteria that causes this infection is a type of bacteria called `E. coli` (Escherichia coli). This bacteria normally lives in our large intestine. The problem starts when this bacteria, which comes out with the stool, somehow enters the urinary tract.

In addition, other types of bacteria such as `Proteus mirabilis`, `Enterobacter`, and `Staphylococcus` can also cause this.

Who is most at risk for this?

Some people are more likely to develop kidney infections. Let's take a look at what they are.

• Being a woman: Women's urethra is shorter than men's. It's also closer to the anus. This makes it easier for bacteria to enter the bladder and from there, travel to the kidneys.
• Urinary tract obstructions: Consider kidney stones, enlarged prostate in men, or uterine prolapse, which can prevent urine from flowing out completely. When urine stays in one place, bacteria can easily grow and cause infections.
• Pregnancy: During pregnancy, the growing baby puts pressure on the bladder, which can obstruct the flow of urine and increase the risk of infection.
• Vesicoureteral reflux: This is a condition that some people are born with. This causes urine to flow backwards from the bladder, towards the kidneys. This makes it easier for bacteria to get into the kidneys.
• People with weakened immune systems: People with diseases like diabetes, HIV, or those taking immunosuppressive medications have a reduced ability to fight infections. Therefore, they can easily develop these types of infections.

Can this be serious? What are the complications?

Yes. A kidney infection is a serious condition that can be life-threatening if not treated properly. People with weakened immune systems and those with other medical conditions are at higher risk.

• Emphysematous pyelonephritis: This is a very serious, but rare, complication. In this case, bacteria begin to destroy kidney tissue and produce gas. People with diabetes are more likely to develop this condition.
• Renal papillary necrosis: This also causes damage to the kidneys.
• Sepsis: If bacteria in the kidneys enter the bloodstream, they can spread throughout the body and cause a dangerous condition called sepsis.

This is why we say that if you have symptoms, see a doctor without delay .

How do you find this, Doctor?

When you go to the doctor, he will first ask you about your symptoms. Then he will examine you. If a kidney infection is suspected, the following tests may be done:

1. Urinalysis and Urine Culture: A sample of your urine is taken and checked for pus, blood, and bacteria. A urine culture can also help determine the specific bacteria causing the infection and the appropriate antibiotic.

2. Blood tests: A blood test may also be done to check for signs of infection in the blood.

3. Scans: Sometimes, your doctor may recommend an ultrasound scan or CT scan to check for obstructions such as kidney stones.

How is it treated?

If a kidney infection is confirmed, antibiotics are given as treatment.

Your doctor will prescribe antibiotics for about 14 days. Commonly used medications include `Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), `Amoxicillin`, `Ceftriaxone`, or `Ciprofloxacin`.

The most important thing is to take the full course of medication prescribed by your doctor, even if you feel better in two or three days. Otherwise, the infection may not be completely cured and may recur.

In some severe cases, for example, if you are vomiting too much to take oral medication, if it is very difficult, or if you have other medical conditions, you may need to be hospitalized and given intravenous (IV) antibiotics.

How quickly will I recover after starting medication?

Usually, after two to three days of starting antibiotics, you will start to feel a lot better. The fever and body aches will subside. But remember, don't stop taking the medication just because you feel better.

Can't this kind of infection be prevented?

Of course you can. Most kidney infections start with a bladder infection, so avoiding that can greatly reduce your risk of kidney infections.

• Drink plenty of water: Drink plenty of water throughout the day. This will help you urinate frequently and flush out bacteria in your urinary tract. Talk to your doctor about the right amount of water for you.
• Don't hold your urine: When you feel the need to urinate, don't hold it in, but let it out quickly. When urine builds up and accumulates in the bladder, there is a greater chance of bacteria growing.
• Take care of your sexual health: Urinating before and after sex can help remove bacteria that may have entered the urethra.
• Personal hygiene: Taking a shower daily and quickly changing sweaty or wet underwear can help prevent the growth of bacteria.
• A special tip for women: When cleaning after defecation, always wipe from front to back . This will prevent bacteria, such as E. coli, from entering the urethra from the anus.

When should I see a doctor? When should I go to the ETU?

This is very important. Knowing the difference between the two could save your life.