When dealing with your child, do you sometimes wonder, 'Why is he so naughty? Why doesn't he stay in one place? Why don't you listen to me?' It's normal to think that way. But if these things happen all the time, and if they affect your child's schoolwork, homework, or relationships with friends, it could be a condition called ADHD. Let's talk about this in a simple, understandable way.
What is ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)?
Simply put, ADHD is an abbreviation for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder . This is a medical condition. To be precise, a child with ADHD has certain brain differences in their development and brain function. These differences make it difficult for them to pay attention, stay in one place, and exercise self-control. This condition can cause them to have problems with schoolwork, at home, and even when interacting with friends. Imagine how much trouble it can cause if they can't pay attention in class, don't listen to what's being said at home, or fight with their friends when they can't wait their turn to play.
What are the symptoms of a child with ADHD?
In fact, every child sometimes loses focus, doesn't listen to what is said, struggles to stay in one place, struggles to wait for their turn. These are normal things. You probably had this happen to you when you were a child, right? But for a child with ADHD, these difficulties are more severe, and they happen more often.
Children and teens with ADHD can exhibit three main symptoms:
1. Inattentive - easily distracted
It's very difficult for these children to focus on one thing. Their minds wander quickly. Imagine, for example, a teacher is teaching a lesson and they are looking at a butterfly through the window.
- It's hard to listen to instructions properly. If you say, "Son, put away the toys and bring the book," you'll probably only remember one.
- Important information may be missed.
- You can put off a job you started without finishing it. It's like starting a painting and stopping halfway through.
- Sometimes it can seem like you're daydreaming, or like you're working very hard.
- They may be a bit forgetful and may often lose items like pencils, erasers, and books.
2. Hyperactivity - inability to stay in one place
These children are constantly moving around, it's very difficult to stay in one place, and they quickly get bored. It's like they have wheels attached to their legs.
- It's hard to sit in one place and be quiet (like in a temple or in class).
- When doing work, you can rush to do it and make mistakes.
- They may climb, jump, and wriggle excessively (such as on chairs and tables).
- It's not intentional, but their behavior can be disruptive to others. For example, they may be bothering other children in class.
3. Impulsiveness - the tendency to act without thinking
These children do things impulsively, without thinking. Like a "car without brakes."
- They suddenly jump in while others are talking.
- Others can push and pull. It's very difficult to wait for your turn.
- They may do things without permission, take other people's things, and behave in a somewhat risky manner (like jumping from a high place, running suddenly into the street).
- Sometimes, you may have emotional reactions that are inappropriate at the time, such as getting very angry over small things or crying loudly.
Sometimes parents and teachers notice these ADHD symptoms in a child at a very young age. But remember, it's normal for young children to be easily distracted, restless, impatient, and act impulsively. All of these things do not necessarily mean that a child has ADHD.
Attention, activity, and self-control develop gradually as children grow. Children learn these skills with the help of parents and teachers. However, for some children, paying attention, staying calm, listening, and being patient does not improve much. If these conditions persist, and if they cause problems with schoolwork, home, and relationships with friends, it may be ADHD.
What are the causes of ADHD?
It is still not entirely clear how these brain differences that cause ADHD occur. However, there is strong evidence that ADHD is largely inherited. This means that many children with ADHD have a parent or close relative who also has the condition.
Also, other factors may also be involved:
- If the child was born prematurely .
- If you were exposed to certain environmental toxins during pregnancy or as a child.
- If the mother used drugs during pregnancy.
The important thing is that ADHD is not caused by too much screen time, parental mistakes, or eating too much sugar. These misconceptions may exist in society, but they are not medically proven. So don't feel guilty.
How do you know for sure if you have ADHD?
If you think your child has ADHD, the first thing to do is to take your child to a pediatrician or other qualified doctor. Don't panic, this is just the first step.
The doctor will examine the child, perform a vision and hearing check, and make sure there is no other cause for these symptoms. Sometimes, a child may not be paying attention to their studies because they cannot see or hear.
To diagnose ADHD, doctors will first ask you about your child's health, behavior, and activities. They will talk to the parents and the child and ask them about what they have observed. The doctor may give you a checklist to fill out about your child's behavior, or they may ask the child's teacher to fill out a similar checklist.
After gathering all this information, doctors will only diagnose ADHD if the following are clear:
- If the child's attention span, hyperactivity, or impulsivity is significantly higher than normal for their age.
- If the child has had these behaviors since childhood (usually starting before the age of 12).
- If these behaviors clearly affect the child's schoolwork, homework, and social relationships (in at least two settings, e.g., home and school).
- If a medical examination confirms that the cause of these problems is not another health problem (e.g., a thyroid problem), a learning disability, or a mental condition.
Many children with ADHD also have other conditions, such as learning problems , oppositional and defiant behaviors , or mood and anxiety problems . Doctors usually treat these other conditions at the same time when treating ADHD.
If necessary, the doctor may refer you to a child psychologist or psychiatrist .
How is ADHD treated?
There are several treatments for ADHD. These are usually used together. The same treatment method does not work for everyone, and it may vary from child to child.
- Medication: These medications help the brain focus, slow down, and improve self-control. These should be taken only as directed by a doctor, in the correct dose and for the right duration.
- Behavior therapy: Therapists help children with ADHD develop social, emotional, and planning skills that are sometimes delayed. For example, things like controlling anger, communicating well with others, and staying organized.
- Parent coaching: This training can help parents learn how to best respond to behavioral problems that come as part of ADHD (e.g., when a child gets angry or doesn't listen to what you say). This is very important.
- School support: Teachers can help children with ADHD do well in school and have a happy life at school. This may include allowing the child to sit at the front of the class or giving them extra time to work.
With proper treatment, ADHD can improve. Parents and teachers can help young children learn to control their attention, behavior, and emotions. As they grow older, children need to learn to develop their own attention and self-control.
If ADHD is left untreated, it can make it difficult for children to succeed. This can lead to low self-esteem, depression, oppositional behavior, schoolwork failure, risk-taking behavior, or family conflict .
How can parents help?
If you determine that your child has ADHD, there are many things you can do. You are your child's greatest strength.
- Be actively involved: Learn as much as you can about ADHD. Follow the treatment your child's doctor recommends. Attend all recommended therapy visits.
- Give medication safely: If your child is taking medication for ADHD, always give the medication at the correct time and in the correct dose. Never stop the medication or change the dosage without medical advice. Always keep the medication in a safe place out of the reach of children.
- Work with your child's school: Talk to the teachers to see if your child needs any special education plans or support from the school. Some countries have special plans like an IEP (Individualized Education Program) or a 504 plan . In Sri Lanka, talk to the school about any special support your child can get (e.g., more attention in class, extra time for exams). Meet with the teachers regularly to find out how your child is doing in school. Work together to help your child do well.
- Parent with purpose and warmth: Learn what parenting styles are best for a child with ADHD, and what can make ADHD worse. Talk to your child about ADHD openly and supportively. Focus on your child's strengths and positive qualities . Praise and encourage good behavior rather than punishing.
- Connect with others for support and awareness: Visit international support group websites like CHADD (Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) to learn the latest information about treatment, other details, and share experiences. Or look for similar parenting groups in Sri Lanka. It's also a great encouragement to know that you're not alone.
ADHD can often improve when children receive treatment, eat a healthy diet, get enough sleep and exercise, and have supportive parents who know how to respond to ADHD. Patience and love are very important.
Finally, things to remember...
Okay, so ADHD is a bit complicated. But don't worry. It's not your fault or your child's fault. ADHD is a condition that occurs with changes in brain function. The important thing is that it can be helped and treated.
If you suspect your child has ADHD symptoms, be sure to seek medical advice. Early detection and proper treatment can help your child live a happy, successful life. Remember, every child is unique and has different abilities. Children with ADHD also have their own unique talents. It is important to find those things and support them. May you find strength on this journey!
` ADHD, ADHD in children, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, impulsivity, ADHD treatment, ADHD symptoms, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
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