Do you ever feel like you are seeing or hearing things that aren't really there? Or perhaps, do you find yourself deeply convinced that someone is plotting against you or controlling your thoughts, despite having no evidence? Please do not dismiss these experiences as just 'imagination.' This could be a medical condition that requires professional attention. Today at Nirogi Lanka, we are discussing this experience known as “Psychosis.”
Simply put, what is Psychosis?
Psychosis is a condition where a person loses touch with reality, struggling to distinguish between what is happening in the real world and what is occurring in their own mind. It is not a single disease but a set of symptoms. A person experiencing this may encounter things that are not there or hold firmly to beliefs that are entirely untrue.
There are two primary categories of symptoms. Let us break them down clearly.
| Symptom Type | Simple Explanation |
|---|---|
| Hallucinations | This occurs when your senses (sight, hearing, smell, taste, or touch) perceive something that does not exist. For example, hearing voices when no one is around (Auditory), seeing things that are not there (Visual), or feeling sensations on your skin (Tactile). |
| Delusions | These are strong beliefs in things that are completely untrue, lack evidence, and are maintained even when others provide proof to the contrary. An example includes the belief that someone from afar is controlling your thoughts or actions (Delusions of Control). |
What are the causes of Psychosis?
There is no single cause for Psychosis; rather, it can be triggered by a variety of factors. Let’s categorize them:
Mental Health Conditions
Psychosis can be a key symptom of several mental health conditions, including:
- Schizophrenia and related conditions.
- Bipolar Disorder.
- Major Depression and other mood-related disorders.
- Delusional Disorder.
- Substance/Medication-Induced Psychotic Disorder.
Underlying Physical Conditions
In emergencies, please contact 911 or visit your nearest hospital emergency department.
Certain physical health conditions can also impact brain function, leading to symptoms of psychosis.
- Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia.
- Infections affecting the brain or spinal cord, such as encephalitis or meningitis.
- Autoimmune disorders like Lupus and Multiple Sclerosis.
- Hormonal conditions, such as hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism.
- Neurological disorders, including stroke.
- Vitamin B1 and B12 deficiencies.
- Postpartum Psychosis: This is a rare, severe, and medical emergency that can occur after childbirth. It is far more serious than the common mood swings or "baby blues" experienced after delivery.
Other Causes and Triggers
- Alcohol and Substance Use: Excessive use of substances, particularly cannabis during youth, and the misuse of other drugs.
- Severe head injuries.
- Traumatic experiences, whether past or present.
- Overwhelming stress or anxiety that becomes difficult to manage.
How is it treated?
Treatment for psychosis is determined by the underlying cause. Often, treating the primary physical condition resolves the psychotic symptoms. However, if direct treatment for psychosis is required, several methods are available:
- Medications: Antipsychotic medications are the most common treatment. Depending on your specific needs, your doctor may also prescribe other medications like antidepressants.
- Counseling and Behavioral Therapy: Methods like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) help you manage symptoms and reduce the emotional distress associated with them.
- Hospitalization: If there is a risk that you might harm yourself or others, a stay in a hospital or a specialized mental health facility may be necessary to ensure your safety.
- Support Programs: If the condition was triggered by substance use, rehabilitation programs are vital. There are also programs designed to help you reintegrate into society, maintain employment, and improve relationships with your family.
How can you help a loved one?
It is common for someone with psychosis not to realize they are experiencing a problem (this is called Anosognosia). If you notice these signs in a family member or friend, here is how you can help:
Most importantly, do not argue with them or judge them. The things they are experiencing feel entirely real to them. Arguing will only cause them to feel more fearful and withdraw from you.
- Listen with empathy: Ask, "How can I help you?" Listen to their feelings and fears. Make them feel that you are there for them.
- Encourage professional medical care: Gently suggest, "Would you be open to talking to a doctor about this together?" Explain that this condition is manageable with the right support.
- Stay calm: When they are agitated or fearful, your calm presence is crucial. Help them feel safe and, if the surroundings are noisy or chaotic, try to move to a quiet space.
- Seek emergency help when needed: There is an increased risk of self-harm for those experiencing psychosis. If they talk about hurting themselves or others, or if they behave in a violent or dangerously erratic manner, take them immediately to the nearest hospital Emergency Department (ED). If you suspect a drug overdose or poisoning, please contact your local poison control or emergency services.
Are Psychosis and Schizophrenia the same thing?
Many people confuse these terms, but there is a clear distinction.
- Psychosis: This is a collection of symptoms characterized by a detachment from reality. These symptoms can appear in conditions like Schizophrenia, but also in Bipolar Disorder, severe depression, or brain infections.
- Schizophrenia: This is a specific mental health disorder. Psychosis is one of the primary symptoms of Schizophrenia. Almost everyone living with Schizophrenia experiences episodes of psychosis.
Simply put, think of it like "fever." A fever is a symptom, but it can be caused by many different illnesses like the flu, pneumonia, or an infection. Similarly, psychosis is a symptom, while schizophrenia is one of the specific conditions that causes it.
Key Takeaways (Nirogi Lanka)
- Psychosis is not a single disease, but a collection of symptoms where one loses touch with reality.
- Key symptoms include hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that aren't there) and delusions (firmly held false beliefs).
- This condition can be triggered by mental health disorders, physical illnesses, substance use, or severe trauma.
- Psychosis is a highly treatable condition. Do not hesitate to seek help from a qualified medical professional.
- If a loved one is showing these symptoms, approach them with patience and love, and help guide them toward medical care without judgment.
👩🏽⚕️ Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
💬 What exactly is Psychosis?
Psychosis is far more complex than common depression or emotional distress. It is a severe mental health condition where your brain loses touch with reality. When you experience psychosis, it becomes difficult to distinguish what is real from what is not, often leading you to live within a personal world shaped by deep-seated delusions.
💬 What are the key symptoms I should look for?
The two primary indicators are: 1) Hallucinations: Seeing or hearing things that others do not, such as hearing voices that may give instructions or seeing people who aren't there. 2) Delusions: Holding strong, irrational beliefs that are not based on reality, such as feeling that you are in danger of being harmed, believing you have special powers, or sensing messages from external forces. Additionally, disorganized speech—where your sentences may lack logical flow—is also a common symptom.
💬 What causes psychosis, and is it treatable at Nirogi Lanka?
Psychosis can be triggered by underlying conditions such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Other causes may include substance use (e.g., methamphetamines, cannabis), or physical health factors like brain tumors. The good news is that this is a manageable condition. With the guidance of a psychiatrist, targeted antipsychotic medication, and professional counseling, it is possible for you to recover and return to a stable, healthy life. If you or a loved one are in distress, please contact emergency services (911) immediately.
