Are you looking for family planning methods? Or are you thinking about adding extra protection to your current birth control method? Then you've probably heard of something called 'spermicide'. You've probably seen it in pharmacies and supermarkets. So, what does it mean? How effective is it really? Let's talk about it all in simple terms today.
Simply put, what is spermicide?
A spermicide is a form of birth control. When inserted into the vagina before sex, it prevents sperm from meeting an egg and causing pregnancy. These come in different forms. They can be found on the market as gel, cream, foam, film, or suppositories.
These contain a special chemical that disrupts the movement of sperm, making it difficult for them to find an egg. The most common chemical used for this is ``(nonoxynol-9)``. Think of it as a small barrier that blocks the sperm's path and slows down their journey. They also act as a physical barrier inside the vagina, around the cervix.
But the most important thing you must remember here is that using spermicide alone is not a very effective way to prevent pregnancy.
Many people use these as an additional form of protection along with another form of birth control, such as a condom. That's the best way. Spermicide is not the main protector, but only an additional helper.
How effective is this method? (Effectiveness)
Let's be honest. When spermicide is used alone, the success rate in preventing pregnancy is as low as 70% . That means that out of 100 women who use this method alone, 30 will get pregnant within a year. This is very low compared to other birth control methods.
Therefore, if your primary goal is to prevent pregnancy, using spermicide alone is not recommended at all.
The best thing is to use this in conjunction with another method, such as a condom or diaphragm. Then the success rate will be much higher.
Okay, so how exactly do you use this?
If you decide to use spermicide, it's important to use it correctly every time to get the most out of it. Instructions may vary slightly depending on the type you use, so it's important to read the instructions on the package carefully.
These are the general steps to follow:
- Insert deeply into the vagina: The spermicide should be inserted as deep into the vagina as possible, close to the cervix.
- Timing is important: You should insert this at least 10-15 minutes before having sex. This is because some types (like pills, films) take a while to dissolve and become active.
- Validity period: Most spermicides only work for about an hour , so you should have sex within an hour of insertion.
- Reapply each time: If you have sex multiple times at the same time, you should apply a new spermicide before each time .
- Do not douche for 6 hours: After having sex, avoid douching the vagina for at least 6 hours . Also, do not insert anything else into the vagina. This is because the spermicide needs that time to remain effective.
What are the different types on the market?
Spermicide comes in different forms. You can choose the one that is most convenient and suitable for you. Always remember to wash your hands thoroughly before using it.
| Type of spermicide | Description and how to use |
|---|---|
| Gel, cream or jelly | These usually come in a tube. You need to insert it deep into the vagina using the applicator that comes with it. An added benefit is that it can also be used as a lubricant. |
| Foam | These come in an aerosol can. You need to shake it well before using it, fill the applicator with the foam, and insert it into the vagina. Their effectiveness may be limited to a short period of time, perhaps 30 minutes. |
| Suppositories | These are small tablets that melt at body temperature when inserted into the vagina. They should be inserted 10-15 minutes before sex, as they take time to melt. |
| Film | This is a very thin film coated with spermicide. This also dissolves when inserted deep into the vagina. It takes at least 15 minutes to dissolve, so it needs to be inserted early. |
| Sponge | This is a soft, small sponge that contains spermicide. It needs to be moistened with water before use and inserted into the vagina. One advantage of this is that it can be inserted up to 24 hours before intercourse. However, it needs to be left in for at least 6 hours after intercourse. |
| Condoms with spermicide | Some condoms have spermicide on the outside. This provides protection for both sides. However, they are a bit more expensive than regular condoms, and they can also expire sooner. |
A new birth control gel
Recently, a new type of birth control gel called `(Phexxi®)` has been introduced. This also works like a spermicide. However, to obtain this, a doctor's prescription is required.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of spermicides?
Like any other, this method has its pros and cons. Let's take a look at it.
Benefits of using spermicide
| Advantage | Simple explanation |
|---|---|
| Cheaper | It is relatively inexpensive compared to other birth control methods. |
| Easily available | No prescription is required. It can be purchased at any pharmacy or supermarket. |
| Easy to use | It's not complicated to use. |
| Does not contain hormones | Since it does not contain hormones like birth control pills, it does not cause hormone-related side effects. |
Disadvantages and risks of using spermicide
| Disadvantage / Risk | Simple explanation |
|---|---|
| Less success | If used alone, the ability to prevent pregnancy is very low. |
| Skin irritation | Some people may experience allergic reactions such as itching, burning, and redness in the vagina or penis due to the chemicals in these products. |
| There is no protection against sexually transmitted diseases. | This is very important. Spermicide does not provide any protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). |
| The risk of infection may increase. | Frequent use of spermicides can cause minor abrasions to the vaginal skin. This can increase the risk of contracting infections such as HIV. It has also been found to increase the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs). |
Does it protect against sexually transmitted diseases (STIs)?
No. Not at all.
This is where many people make a mistake. Although spermicides can kill sperm, they have no effect on bacteria or viruses that cause sexually transmitted diseases.
In fact, the opposite is true. The chemicals in spermicides can damage the delicate layer of skin cells in the vagina and cervix. This layer of cells is what gives us our natural protection against infection. When it is weakened, it increases the risk of infections like HIV entering.
The best and only way to protect yourself from sexually transmitted diseases is to use a condom correctly.
When should you see a doctor?
If you are using spermicide, be sure to see your doctor if you experience any of the following symptoms.
- Vaginal discharge with an unusual odor or color.
- Blisters, sores, or redness of the skin in or around the vaginal area.
- Burning or pain during urination.
- Fever or chills.
- Pain in the lower abdomen or pelvic area.
- Feeling pain during sexual intercourse.
These could be signs of an infection or other problem, so it is important to seek medical advice without delay.
Some other common questions
What happens if you swallow spermicide?
It is best to avoid swallowing spermicides. The chemicals in these can be dangerous if ingested. They are designed for external vaginal use only. You should also be careful if you engage in oral sex after inserting them into the vagina. If you accidentally ingest any amount or if you experience any unusual symptoms, seek medical advice immediately. If necessary, you can also call the National Poisons Information Centre at the Colombo National Hospital for advice.
Are these safe? Will it harm the baby if you accidentally get pregnant?
There is no evidence that spermicides cause serious harm when used correctly and according to instructions. There is also no evidence that they cause birth defects in babies if they accidentally become pregnant while using them.
Take-Home Message
- Spermicide is not an effective method of preventing pregnancy on its own, with an effectiveness rate of around 70%.
- If you use these, it is best to use them as an additional form of protection along with another form of birth control, such as a condom .
- Spermicide does not protect against any sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV. In fact, it may increase the risk of infection.
- Read the instructions on the package carefully before use and use it correctly every time .
- If you experience itching, burning, or other unusual symptoms in your vagina or skin, discontinue use immediately and see your doctor.
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