Have you ever had a wound and gotten a 'tetanus shot' from something like a rusty nail or wire? Many of us call this 'tetanus shot', but its real name is the vaccine that prevents a dangerous disease called tetanus. This is a very important vaccine in our lives. So today, let's talk about what this Tetanus Toxoid vaccine is, why it is taken, and what you need to know about it.
Simply put, what is this Tetanus vaccine?
This is actually a vaccine. Simply put, this vaccine is given to protect us from a serious infection called tetanus, or as we know it, 'lockjaw.' Tetanus is caused by a bacteria (Clostridium tetani) that lives in soil, dust, and animal waste. This bacteria is most likely to enter our bodies through deep wounds, such as scratching at rusty objects.
What this vaccine does is teach your body to make antibodies that can fight against that dangerous bacteria. In other words, it's like training your body.
Things you need to tell your doctor before getting vaccinated
Before receiving this vaccine, it is very important to give your doctor a complete description of your health condition, especially the following:
| Do you have these conditions? | Why is notification important? |
|---|---|
| Various allergies (Allergies) | If you have had an allergic reaction to a previous tetanus vaccine, other vaccines, latex, thimerosal, aluminum, other medications, foods, or preservatives, you should definitely tell your doctor. |
| Immune system weaknesses | If you have a disease that weakens your immune system (e.g. HIV) or are taking medication for it, the effectiveness of the vaccine may be altered. |
| Bleeding disorders | If you have a medical condition like hemophilia, there may be increased bleeding from the injection site. |
| A feverish infection | If you currently have a fever or other infection, your doctor may postpone the vaccination until you are better. |
| Being pregnant or trying to have a baby | If you are pregnant, hoping to become pregnant, or breastfeeding, it is essential to inform your doctor about this. |
Vaccination method and precautions
This vaccine is given only by a doctor or trained health professional . It is injected into your muscle.
Usually, you will receive a Vaccine Information Statement (VIS) before you are given the vaccine. In Sri Lanka, the doctor or nurse will explain this to you verbally. If there is anything unclear, don't hesitate to ask questions .
Do you give this to children?
Yes, this vaccine is also given to children over 7 years of age in special cases. However, you should discuss the decisions and precautions with your pediatrician.
What if I miss a dose?
To get the full protection from this vaccine, it is essential to get booster doses on schedule. If you are unable to attend the clinic on the scheduled day, call your doctor immediately and reschedule. Do not skip doses.
Other medications that may interact with the vaccine
If you are taking medication for other conditions, you should also tell your doctor about it. Some medications can affect the effectiveness of this vaccine.
- Immune-suppressing medications: Medications like Adalimumab, Infliximab, Anakinra.
- Anti-cancer drugs (Chemotherapy)
- Types of steroids: Medicines like Prednisone and Cortisone.
Most importantly: Tell your doctor about all the medications you take (not just Western pills and syrups, but also Ayurvedic medicines, herbs, and vitamins you take), because some things can interact with each other.
Side effects that may occur after receiving the vaccine
Like any vaccine, the Tetanus vaccine can cause minor side effects. However, this does not happen to everyone. Let's take a look at what they are and how to recognize a serious condition.
| Serious side effects that require immediate medical attention | |
|---|---|
| • Skin rash, itching, or hives (Allergic reactions) | • Swelling of the face, lips, or tongue |
| • Difficulty breathing | • Joint pain (Arthritis pain) |
| • Rapid or irregular heartbeat | • Pain, numbness, or loss of sensation in the limbs |
| • Fever over 100 Fahrenheit (37.8 Celsius) | • Seizures |
| • Unusual changes in behavior | • Feeling extremely tired or weak |
| If you notice any of these symptoms, immediately go to the nearest hospital's Emergency Department (ETU). | |
| It's usually nothing to worry about, but if it persists, tell your doctor. | |
|---|---|
| • Pain, swelling, or bruising where the injection was given | • Body pain |
| • Low-grade fever, less than 100 degrees Fahrenheit | • Nausea |
If you think you have accidentally taken an overdose, immediately call the National Poisons Information Centre at the Colombo National Hospital , or go to the Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) of the nearest hospital.
Take-Home Message
- Tetanus is a dangerous disease. The best way to protect yourself from it is to get the Tetanus vaccine on time.
- Before getting vaccinated, be sure to tell your doctor about your allergies, current medications, and other health conditions.
- Do not miss the booster vaccination doses according to the scheduled schedule.
- It is normal to experience some pain, swelling, or redness at the injection site. However, if you experience severe allergic symptoms, high fever, or difficulty breathing , go to the ETU immediately.
- If you have any concerns or questions, never be afraid to ask your doctor about them.
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