Do you sometimes feel a little discomfort in the vagina, such as itching or burning? Or do you notice a different, perhaps milky, white, thick discharge? These can actually be symptoms of a yeast infection that is common in many women. Don't worry, this is what we are going to talk about today.
What is this vaginal yeast infection?
Simply put, a vaginal yeast infection is an overgrowth of a type of fungus called Candida in our vagina. Don't be surprised, this type of fungus called Candida normally lives in small amounts on our bodies, sometimes in our mouths, intestines, and vaginas, without causing any problems. Other beneficial bacteria in our bodies help keep this fungus in check.
However, if this balance is disrupted for some reason, the Candida fungi get a chance to multiply rapidly at their own expense. That's when we experience the symptoms of a yeast infection. Doctors also call this "Vaginal Candidiasis."
Important: This is not considered a sexually transmitted infection (STI). However, in rare cases, it can be transmitted to a sexual partner.
According to statistics, about three out of four women will develop this yeast infection at least once in their lives. And about one in two women will develop it twice or more. It is especially common after puberty and before menopause (the period when menstruation stops).
What are the symptoms of a yeast infection? How do you recognize it?
Now let's see what symptoms you may experience when you have a yeast infection. Not everyone has the same symptoms, and some people may only have one or two.
- An unbearable itching or burning sensation in or around the vagina (external vaginal area) . This is the main and first symptom that most people experience.
- A white, thick discharge. This can sometimes look like cottage cheese. However, not everyone has this kind of discharge. Sometimes, a watery discharge may occur.
- The area around the vagina and labia become red and swollen .
- In some places in the vagina, small rashes and cuts may occur.
- Burning and pain when urinating . This burning can occur when urine passes through the vagina because it is infected and swollen.
- Pain during sexual intercourse .
But remember, these symptoms can sometimes be similar to other vaginal conditions. So, if you have one or more of these symptoms, it's best to see a doctor so they can examine you and figure out exactly what's going on.
Why do we get these yeast infections? What are the causes?
As we have discussed before, the main cause is an overgrowth of a type of fungus called `(Candida)`. There are several factors that can contribute to this:
- Using antibiotics: Imagine that a doctor has prescribed antibiotics for a bacterial infection. While these medications kill bad bacteria, they can also kill the good bacteria that control the Candida fungus in our vagina. This allows the fungus to grow freely.
- Changes in Hormones: Any time there are changes in the levels of hormones in our body, the balance of this fungus (Candida) can also change. For example:
- During pregnancy.
- When using birth control pills.
- During normal hormonal changes associated with the monthly menstrual cycle.
- Weakened immune system: If you have a medical condition that weakens your body's ability to fight disease, that is, if you are immunocompromised, you are at higher risk of developing yeast infections. For example, this can happen to people infected with HIV.
- Having uncontrolled diabetes: A person with diabetes has high blood sugar levels and high levels of sugar in their urine. This excess sugar is a good source of nutrition for fungi to grow. Also, uncontrolled diabetes can weaken the immune system.
Other habits and situations that increase risk:
In addition to these main causes, some other things can increase the risk of developing yeast infections:
- Staying in wet clothes for a long time: It's not a good idea to change out of sweaty workout clothes right after a shower, a swim, or a workout. Moisture is a perfect environment for fungus to grow.
- Wearing tight, poorly ventilated underwear and clothing: This type of clothing causes the vaginal area to become hot, sweaty, and promotes the growth of fungus.
- Using scented tampons or pads, vaginal sprays or deodorants, and soaps: The chemicals in these can alter the natural pH of the vagina, kill good bacteria, and allow yeast to grow.
Is a yeast infection contagious?
Yeast infections are not generally considered contagious. That is, they are not easily transmitted from person to person. However, very rarely , a woman can pass it on to her sexual partner. It is even less common for a male partner to get it.
How does a doctor know for sure that this is a yeast infection?
When you go to a doctor, they will first ask you about your symptoms. Then, they will often examine your vagina. Sometimes, to be more specific, they may take a small sample of vaginal discharge and look at it under a microscope or send it for lab testing. These tests can help your doctor determine what type of yeast infection you have, how severe it is, and what the best treatment is for it.
How are yeast infections treated?
The good news is that most yeast infections can be successfully treated with antifungal medications . These medications work by reducing the amount of fungus that has overgrown in our bodies. There are two main treatment methods:
1. Oral Medication: This is often a medication like `(Fluconazole)` that is given as a single daily dose.
2. Topical medications: These are used daily for several days (sometimes up to 7 days). They can be applied topically to the labia or as a suppository that is inserted into the vagina using a special applicator. Miconazole (e.g., Monistat®) and Terconazole (e.g., Terconazole) are two of the most commonly used antifungal medications.
Depending on your symptoms and the severity of the infection, your doctor will determine the best treatment for you. It is important to follow your doctor's instructions on how to use the medication exactly. Also, take the medication for the full prescribed period. Otherwise, the infection may come back.
Don't forget: It's best to avoid having sex while you're taking medication for a yeast infection. It can cause more discomfort, and some antifungal creams can reduce the effectiveness of condoms and diaphragms.
Is it okay to buy and use medicine without a prescription from the pharmacy?
Sometimes, over-the-counter medications can help treat yeast infections. However, unless you are 100% sure that you have a yeast infection, it is wise to avoid self-medication. As we mentioned earlier, the symptoms of other conditions can be similar. Therefore, it is always the safest and most effective way to get a proper diagnosis and treatment from a doctor.
How long does it take for a yeast infection to heal?
Most yeast infections clear up within a few days of starting medication. However, it can take up to a week to fully clear up. More serious infections may take longer and require more treatment. The most important thing is to take the medication for the full course of treatment as prescribed by your doctor. Do not stop taking it halfway, as this can cause the infection to come back.
Will this get better on its own without medication?
No. A yeast infection will not go away on its own. A vaginal yeast infection can only be cured by using an antifungal medication. Therefore, it is essential to seek treatment if you have symptoms.
Do I need to see a doctor? When should I see one?
If you get yeast infections more than four times a year (this is called ``Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis''), be sure to see a doctor. He or she can do further tests to find out what's causing it. It's possible that another underlying condition is causing it. Treating that cause can also help prevent future yeast infections.
What can we do to prevent yeast infections?
By making some simple lifestyle changes, we can reduce our risk of developing yeast infections.
- Do not douche: Douching can kill the good bacteria in the vagina that keep the yeast in check. The vagina has a natural ability to clean itself.
- Avoid using perfumes and sprays around the vagina.
- Do not use scented tampons or pads.
- Change out of wet clothes (bathing suits, workout clothes) as soon as possible, without staying in them for too long.
- Wear cotton underwear and loose, non-tight clothing. Cotton underwear allows for good ventilation, which reduces moisture retention.
- Use water-based sexual lubricants during sex (only if necessary).
- If you have diabetes, try to keep your blood sugar levels at a healthy level.
Finally, things to remember (Take-Home Message)
Yeast infections are a very common fungal infection that most women will experience at some point in their lives. And, they are easily treatable with medication. Some medications can even be purchased over the counter at a pharmacy without a prescription.
However, if you think you have symptoms of a yeast infection, it's always best to get checked out by a doctor. Your doctor can then recommend the most appropriate treatment for you, depending on the type of yeast infection you have and its severity. It's much safer than trying to treat it yourself. Stay healthy!
` Yeast infection, vaginal itching, vaginal discharge, fungal infection, women's health, Candida, treatment
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