Perhaps your family doctor has referred you to a lung specialist, or 'Pulmonologist' as we call them in English. Or maybe you're looking for one yourself because you've been having a cough or shortness of breath for a while. Who exactly is a pulmonologist? What kind of diseases does he treat? Let's talk about this simply and politely.
Who is this pulmonologist?
Simply put, a pulmonologist is a doctor who specializes in diseases of our respiratory system, that is, the lungs, airways, and all the organ systems related to breathing. Just like a cardiologist looks at the heart, these doctors pay special attention to our respiratory system.
They treat a wide range of diseases, from common illnesses like asthma to more serious illnesses like lung cancer. They also play a vital role in treating patients with breathing difficulties in the intensive care units (ICUs) of hospitals.
Where do they work?
Pulmonologists often work in hospitals, especially in intensive care units (ICUs) and wards. In addition, they also run clinics in private hospitals and specialist medical centres. Some doctors work in sleep labs, treating conditions such as sleep apnea.
Think of our heart and lungs as two best friends. When one has a problem, the other is affected. That's why pulmonologists often work together with cardiologists.
There is also a growing field called `Interventional Pulmonology`. This involves inserting a small camera-equipped tube (similar to an `Endoscopy`) into the lungs to perform specialized treatments such as removing small tumors in the lungs and removing fluid that collects around the lungs.
What are the main diseases that a pulmonologist treats?
Common ailments like coughs and colds are usually treated by your family doctor. However, complex and chronic conditions such as the following require the help of a pulmonologist.
| Condition | A simple explanation |
|---|---|
| Asthma | This is when the airways become swollen, narrowed, or filled with mucus. Normal asthma can be managed by your family doctor. However, in cases of asthma that is difficult to control and for which no cause can be found, specialist help is needed. |
| COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) | This is a long-term condition. It includes both chronic bronchitis and emphysema. The main cause is long-term exposure to lung irritants, such as smoking. |
| Interstitial Lung Disease | This is when the very delicate tissue (interstitium) in the lungs thickens, becomes stiff, and makes it difficult to breathe. This can happen suddenly or over time. |
| Lung Cancer | A serious condition that can start in the lungs and spread to other parts of the body. The role of a pulmonologist is very important in diagnosing these and planning treatment. |
| Sleep apnea | A condition in which breathing stops periodically during sleep. This reduces the amount of oxygen the body receives and can lead to other serious health problems. |
When should you see a pulmonologist?
Remember, you don't need to go see a specialist right away for a common cold or cough. First, see your General Practitioner (GP) or family doctor. He or she will examine your symptoms and, if necessary, refer you to a pulmonologist.
Here are some situations in which your general practitioner may refer you to a pulmonologist:
- If you have asthma that is difficult to control or that frequently worsens.
- If you have recurring bronchitis.
- If you have a cough that lasts for a long time, more than 3-4 weeks .
- If you make a 'whistling' sound when breathing or if you constantly feel shortness of breath.
- If you feel chest tightness or pain (it is essential to seek medical advice as this can also be caused by heart disease).
- Sleep problems, especially if you have symptoms such as snoring and sleep apnea .
- If an abnormality is seen in the lungs during an X-ray or CT scan.
How much does it take to become such an expert?
Becoming a pulmonologist is a long, dedicated journey. It is not a position that just happens.
Typically, after completing a 5-year degree in medical school and qualifying as a doctor, they must undergo several more years of postgraduate training in general medicine (`Internal Medicine`). After that, they must study specifically in `Pulmonary Medicine` for several more years, pass the relevant exams, and undergo intensive training before they are qualified to work as a `Pulmonologist`. So you can see how much dedication and expertise this requires to acquire.
Take-Home Message
- A pulmonologist is a doctor who has specialized training in treating problems related to your lungs, airways, and breathing.
- They treat conditions such as asthma, COPD, lung cancer, and sleep apnea.
- If you have any symptoms related to your respiratory system, first see your family doctor. If necessary, he or she will refer you to a specialist.
- Never ignore symptoms like persistent cough, wheezing, or chest pain. Be sure to talk to your doctor about it.
- These specialists have undergone extensive training and dedication to helping you, so following their advice is very important to your well-being.
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