When you look at your face in the mirror, you suddenly see a small white spot on your nose, chin, or forehead, doesn't it make you a little upset? Especially when you're getting ready to go on an important trip, it's very annoying. This is what we medically call `(Whiteheads)`. This is actually a very common thing, so there's no reason to worry. Let's talk about this in detail and simply today.
What exactly are these whiteheads?
Simply put, these ``Whiteheads`` are also a type of acne. In medical terms, they belong to the category of acne called ``acne vulgaris``.
Our skin has very small pores, which we call hair follicles. Each of these hair follicles has an oil gland called a ``sebaceous gland`` attached to it. These glands secrete the oil our skin needs, called ``sebum``. This is what keeps our skin healthy and free from dryness.
But sometimes, these hair follicles get clogged with dead skin cells and sebum. Think of it like a clogged drain. The skin closes around the clogged pore, and when the dirt gets trapped inside, a small white pimple appears. That's what we call a whitehead, or in medical terms, a closed comedo.
What is the difference between whiteheads and blackheads?
Many people confuse the two. ``Whiteheads`` and ``Blackheads`` are both the same thing, that is, they are two types of ``comedones`` that form due to clogged hair follicles. However, there is a slight difference in the appearance and formation of the two. Let's look at that difference in a table.
| The point | Whiteheads | Blackheads |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | It looks like a small white or yellow blister that has risen above the skin. | It looks like a small black dot on the surface of the skin. |
| Pore | The hair follicle is completely closed by the skin. | The hair follicle is open. |
| The reason for the color | Because the pore is closed, the oil and dead cells inside are not exposed to air, which is why they appear white. | Because the pore is open, the oil and dead cells inside react with the air, oxidize, and turn black. Although it looks like dirt is stuck in it, it is not dirt. |
Who is affected the most by this situation?
Whiteheads are very common. Research shows that almost everyone experiences them at some point in their lives.
- During adolescence: These are most common, especially between the ages of 13-19, when hormonal changes are rapid.
- Adults also get them: Some people think that this is something that only happens to young people. But that's not true. Whiteheads can appear in people in their 20s, 30s, and even later. Some people develop them for the first time only after they become adults.
So if you have these, don't think, "Oh my, why is this happening to me?" This is a common situation for many people.
Where on the body do these occur most often?
Whiteheads are usually more likely to appear in areas with more oil glands.
- Face (especially the T-zone, which is the nose, chin, and forehead)
- Neck
- Outside
- Chest
- Shoulders
However, since oil glands are found almost everywhere on the body, they can sometimes be seen in places like the ears, scalp, armpits, and buttocks, although very rarely.
What are the effects of whiteheads on the body?
Physically, whiteheads are not a serious health problem. However, they can have a big impact on your mental health. You may feel anxious and embarrassed about your appearance. This can be a big problem, especially when you are young and socializing. Some studies have shown that people with severe acne and whiteheads can even experience anxiety and depression.
So, don't just brush it off as a skin problem. If you're worried about it, talk to someone you trust, or your doctor, about it.
Why do these whiteheads form? What are the causes?
There are three main reasons for this.
1. Increased skin oil (sebum) production: Hormonal changes, certain foods, or genetic factors can cause skin to produce more oil than normal.
2. Abnormal production of keratin: Keratin is a type of protein that makes up our skin, hair, and nails. When its production is irregular, dead cells can easily clump together and clog hair follicles.
3. Increased skin bacteria: We all have some bacteria on our skin. But the specific types of bacteria that cause acne easily grow inside a clogged hair follicle, infecting the area, causing it to become red and swollen.
How is it treated?
The best part is, these `whiteheads` are a treatable condition. Let's see what can be done.
Things you can do at home (Over-the-Counter Treatments)
If you have moderate whiteheads, there are some over-the-counter creams that you can buy from a pharmacy. However, it is best to consult your doctor before using them.
- Salicylic acid: There are face washes and lotions that contain this. It works by removing the top layer of dead skin cells and unclogging clogged pores.
- Azelaic acid: This is a natural acid derived from grains. It can kill microorganisms on the skin and reduce inflammation.
- Benzoyl peroxide: This comes in a gel or wash form. It's popular under brands like Clearasil®, PanOxyl®. It works by targeting the bacteria on the skin's surface that contribute to acne. However, it can be a bit drying to the skin.
- Retinoids: These are creams made from vitamin A. Some retinoids (e.g. Differin®) are now available over the counter. They are good for both whiteheads and blackheads. They can cause a slight discoloration of the skin, and may cause peeling. To reduce these side effects, you can apply them every other day or use them with a moisturizer.
Treatments you can get from a doctor
If home treatments are not enough to control your condition, your doctor, especially a dermatologist, may prescribe this type of treatment.
- Prescription retinoids: These are stronger than those you can buy at the pharmacy .
- Oral antibiotics: These are given to control the bacteria that cause acne.
- Microdermabrasion: A special device is used to gently scrape away the top layer of skin. This unclogs clogged pores.
- Chemical peels: A mild chemical solution is applied to the skin, removing the top layers and reducing whiteheads.
- Laser skin resurfacing: This involves directing laser beams at the skin to reduce oil production from the oil glands.
Is it good or bad to squeeze whiteheads?
In short: No! Never squeeze!
We know that when you see a whitehead, it's tempting to squeeze it out. But doing so can turn a small problem into a big one. Watch what happens.
1. Infections can occur: Bacteria from your nails and fingers can get into the pore that was squeezed open and cause an infection. Then, where there used to be a small `whitehead`, a large, red, painful boil can develop.
2. Skin can be injured: Your skin is very sensitive. When you press and squeeze it with your nails, the skin can be damaged, causing the area to swell and become red.
3. Scars may form: If you squeeze it too hard, it can cause permanent damage to the skin and leave a permanent scar. Sometimes it can even remain as a black spot.
So, no matter how much you want to, please don't squeeze your whiteheads. They will go away on their own with proper treatment.
Can't you prevent whiteheads from appearing?
It's difficult to completely stop the whiteheads that come with hormonal changes. However, there are many things we can do to control and reduce their occurrence.
- Wash your face daily: Wash your face twice a day with warm water and a mild facial cleanser. Do not rub too hard.
- Use a moisturizer: Don't just say "moisturizer" because you have oily skin. Choose a moisturizer that is labeled "non-comedogenic" (meaning it won't clog your hair follicles).
- Be careful with makeup: You don't have to stop wearing makeup altogether. But choose ``non-comedogenic`` products. And be sure to remove makeup completely before going to bed at night.
- Keep your hair clean: Oil from your hair and scalp can cause whiteheads to appear on your face. Avoid applying hair gels, oils, etc. to your face.
- Keep your hands away from your face: Frequent touching of your face can transfer dirt and bacteria from your hands to your face, which can lead to acne.
Take-Home Message
- Whiteheads are a very common type of acne. This is not a problem that only affects you, so don't worry too much about it.
- These are caused by the skin's hair follicles becoming clogged with oil and dead cells.
- No matter how much you want to, never squeeze whiteheads. Doing so can lead to infection and permanent scarring.
- In normal circumstances, these can be controlled with home treatments.
- If home treatments do not help, or if the condition is severe, be sure to see a doctor, especially a dermatologist.
- If you are feeling stressed or anxious about this skin problem, talk to your doctor about it. Your mental health is also very important.
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