Bari mu ƙara koyo game da gwaje-gwajen jini don haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan jijiyoyin zuciya.

Shin ka taɓa yin mamakin yadda zuciyarka take da lafiya? Wani lokaci za mu iya kamuwa da cututtukan da suka shafi zuciya ba tare da ma an sani ba. Amma abin farin ciki, akwai gwaje-gwajen jini da za su iya taimakawa wajen gano waɗannan abubuwan haɗari da wuri. Don haka a yau, bari mu yi magana game da menene waɗannan gwaje-gwajen jini da kuma yadda za su iya taimaka maka wajen tantance haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya, musamman cututtukan jijiyoyin zuciya (CAD). Bari mu yi ƙoƙarin fahimtar wannan a sauƙaƙe, kamar kana magana da aboki.

Me yasa kuke buƙatar waɗannan gwaje-gwajen jini?

Yanzu wataƙila kana mamakin, "Me yasa nake buƙatar waɗannan gwaje-gwajen jini?" Ba kowa ne ke buƙatar su nan da nan ba. Amma akwai wasu yanayi inda likita zai iya ba da shawarar a yi waɗannan gwaje-gwajen. Duba ko waɗannan dalilan sun shafe ka:

• Dabi'un Cin Abinci: Sau da yawa kana cin abinci mara kyau wanda ke ɗauke da mai, sukari, da fulawa.
• Tarihin iyali: Idan wani a cikin iyalinka, musamman mahaifiyarka, mahaifinka, ko 'yan'uwanka, ya taɓa samun cutar jijiyoyin zuciya (CAD) kafin ya kai shekara 50 .
• Kiba ko ƙaruwar nauyi: Idan nauyin jikinka ya fi na al'ada.
• Rashin motsa jiki: Idan jiki bai samu isasshen motsa jiki ba a rana.
• Shan taba: Idan kai mai shan taba ne ko kuma kana amfani da wasu nau'ikan taba (misali, betel nut ko betel leaf).
• Sauran cututtukan lafiya: Idan kana da cututtuka kamar Ciwon suga (Diabetes Mellitus), Hawan jini (Hawan Jini), ko kuma idan ka taɓa samun bugun zuciya ko bugun jini a baya.

Idan kana da ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin waɗannan matsalolin, zai fi kyau ka yi magana da likita ka yi gwajin jini kamar haka.

Wanene ke yin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen jini?

Yawanci, wani wanda aka horar da shi don wannan dalili yana ɗaukar samfurin jini daga gare ku. Muna kiransu "Masanin Phlebotomist" ko "Masanin Phlebotomy". Sannan ana aika wannan samfurin jini zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje na likita. Akwai "Masanin dakin gwaje-gwaje na likita" a can. Yana amfani da injuna na musamman don auna abubuwa daban-daban a cikin jinin ku kuma yana shirya rahoto.

Me waɗannan gwaje-gwajen jini suke aunawa don gano haɗarin cututtukan zuciya?

To, yanzu bari mu ga abin da waɗannan gwaje-gwajen jini ke nufi. Waɗannan su ne abin da likitoci ke amfani da su don fahimtar haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya.

Cholesterol da Abubuwan da ke da Alaƙa

• Jimlar Cholesterol (TC): Wannan shine jimlar adadin cholesterol a cikin jininka. Yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya.
• Triglycerides (TG): Wannan kuma wani nau'in kitse ne. Waɗannan kuma suna da alaƙa da cututtukan zuciya. Sikari mai sauƙi, carbohydrates mai sauƙi (kamar burodi, shinkafa), abinci mai mai, da barasa da muke ci na iya ƙara waɗannan matakan `(TG)`. Ana iya rage wannan ta hanyar motsa jiki mai kyau.
• Babban sinadarin lipoprotein mai yawa (HDL): Wannan shine abin da muke kira "mai kyau cholesterol." Yawan yawansa a cikin jini, haka nan haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya ke raguwa.
• Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL): Wannan shine abin da muke kira "mummunan cholesterol." Yawan yawansa a cikin jini, haka nan haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya ke ƙaruwa.
• Lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)): Ana samun wannan ne lokacin da wani furotin da ake kira apo(a) ya haɗu da LDL cholesterol. Idan matakinsa ya yi yawa a cikin jini, akwai haɗarin kamuwa da bugun zuciya, bugun jini, toshewar jini, tarin kitse a cikin jijiyoyin jini bayan tiyatar jijiyoyin zuciya, da kuma raguwar jijiyoyin zuciya bayan angioplasty. Wannan kuma yana iya faruwa a cikin iyalai. Saboda haka, idan wani a cikin iyali ya kamu da cututtukan zuciya tun yana ƙarami, likita zai ba da shawarar wannan gwajin.
• Apolipoprotein B (ApoB): Wannan babban furotin ne a cikin cholesterol. Wasu bincike sun nuna cewa matakan ApoB sun fi nuna haɗari fiye da matakan LDL kawai. Matakan ApoB mafi girma suna nuna ƙaruwar adadin ƙananan ƙwayoyin LDL masu yawa.

Wasu muhimman sassan jini da alamomi

• Cikakken Adadin Jini Tare da Bambancin Halitta (CBC): Wannan gwajin yana auna adadin ƙwayoyin jinin ja, fararen ƙwayoyin jini, da kuma platelets a cikin jininka. Yana iya gano yanayi kamar rashin jini, wanda shine rashin ƙwayoyin jinin ja.
• Homocysteine ​​​​(Hcy): Wannan amino acid ne. Yawan wannan a cikin jini yana ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya.
• Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c): Wannan gwajin jini yana taimakawa wajen gano ciwon suga. Ciwon suga yanayi ne da ke ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan jijiyoyin zuciya (CAD). Wannan gwajin yana nuna matsakaicin matakin sukari a cikin watanni biyu zuwa uku da suka gabata.
• Azumin Sugar Jini / Azumin Sugar Jini: Wannan yana auna matakin sukarin jininka da safe bayan ka yi azumin dare. Yana iya gano ciwon suga da kuma ciwon suga, wanda duka suna ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya.
• Creatine Kinase (CK): Wannan wani enzyme ne da ake samu a cikin tsokoki. Matakan sa na iya ƙaruwa idan kuna shan magungunan rage cholesterol (misali, statins).
• Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) ko SGPT: Wannan wani enzyme ne da ake samu a cikin hanta. Matakan sa na iya ƙaruwa idan aka sha magungunan rage cholesterol.
• Aspartate Transaminase (AST) ko SGOT: Wannan wani enzyme ne a cikin hanta. Hakanan ana iya ƙara shi yayin shan magungunan rage cholesterol.
• Fibrinogen:Wannan furotin ne da ke cikin jininka. Yana taimakawa wajen toshewar jininka. Amma idan ya yi yawa, yana ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da bugun zuciya.
• Hormone mai motsa jiki na thyroid (TSH): Wannan yana auna yadda glandar thyroid ɗinka ke aiki. Matsalar thyroid tana da alaƙa da cututtukan zuciya da bugun zuciya mara kyau.
• Protein C-reactive mai matuƙar amsawa (us-CRP) ko kuma CRP mai yawan amsawa: Wannan yana nuna kumburi a cikin jijiyoyin jini. Mafi girman matakinsa, haka nan haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini ke ƙaruwa.
• Rabon Albumin-Creatinine na fitsari (uACR): Wannan yana auna adadin furotin a cikin fitsari. Ko da ƙaramin adadin furotin a cikin fitsari yana da haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya. Wannan gwajin yana da mahimmanci musamman ga mutanen da ke fama da ciwon suga.
• MPO (Myeloperoxidase): Wannan kuma alama ce ta kumburi. Yawan wannan yana da alaƙa da ƙaruwar haɗarin bugun zuciya, bugun jini, da kuma buƙatar tiyatar jijiyoyin zuciya. Yawan wannan kuma yana iya nuna mummunan cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini.
• Bitamin D: Wannan bitamin ne mai narkewar kitse. Yana daidaita matakan calcium da phosphate a jiki. Waɗannan suna taimakawa wajen kiyaye ƙashi lafiya. Rashin Bitamin D yana da alaƙa da haɗarin lafiya daban-daban. Haka kuma, idan kuna fuskantar wahalar jure wa statins (maganin cholesterol), wannan ƙarancin bitamin D na iya zama dalili.
• Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO): Wannan ƙwayoyin cuta ne ke samar da shi a cikin hanji. Ana samunsa a adadi mai yawa a cikin nama, ƙwai, da kayayyakin kiwo. Karin abinci kamar choline, lecithin, da L-carnitine suma na iya ƙara yawan TMAO. Yawan TMAO a cikin jini na iya ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya, bugun jini, da atherosclerosis.
• Amino-terminal, pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP): Ana yin wannan furotin a cikin zuciyarka. Ana sakinsa cikin jini lokacin da zuciyarka ke cikin matsin lamba. Yawan wannan furotin yana nuna babban haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya kuma yana iya nuna raguwar aikin zuciya. Ana iya yin wasu gwaje-gwaje don ƙarin bayani.
• Serum Creatinine (CR): Wannan yana da alaƙa da aikin koda. Idan koda ba sa aiki yadda ya kamata, yana iya sanya damuwa a zuciya. Rashin koda na yau da kullun yanayi ne da zai iya ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya. Kuma zuciya ma tana iya shafar koda.
• Maki na Haɗarin Cututtukan Zuciya da Jijiyoyin Jini (ASCVD): Wannan maki yana annabta haɗarin kamuwa da "atherosclerotic" (kamar bugun zuciya ko bugun jini) cikin shekaru 10 masu zuwa.

Ka yi tunanin haka, kowanne daga cikin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen kamar ɗan sanda ne. Yana ɗaukar kowace alama don tattara dukkan hoton. Haka nan, likitoci suna duba waɗannan rahotannin gwaje-gwajen kuma suna yanke shawara game da lafiyar zuciyarka.

Yadda ake shiryawa kafin gwajin jini?

Kafin a ɗauki jininka, yana da muhimmanci ka tambayi likitanka idan kana buƙatar daina shan duk wani magani, bitamin, ko kari da kake sha. Wasu magunguna na iya shafar sakamakon gwajin jini. Amma kada ka daina shan duk wani magani ba tare da shawarar likitanka ba.

Wasu gwaje-gwajen jini suna buƙatar ka yi azumi na tsawon sa'o'i da yawa (yawanci awanni 8-12) kafin gwajin. Don haka ka tambayi likitanka game da wannan kafin gwajin.

Me ke faruwa a lokacin gwajin?

Likitan tiyata yawanci yana saka allura a cikin jijiyar da ke saman hannunka ko kuma a cikin gwiwar hannunka. Za ka iya jin wani irin zafi yayin da aka saka allurar a cikin jijiyar. Zana jinin yana ɗaukar kimanin minti ɗaya.

Me ke faruwa bayan an ɗauki jini?

Bayan an ɗauki samfurin jinin, likitan phlebotomist zai cire allurar, ya riƙe wurin da aka samo jinin, ya shafa siminti ko auduga, sannan ya shafa abin ɗaurewa.

Menene sakamakon da nake samu? Me suke gaya min?

Sakamakon zai bambanta dangane da abubuwan da ke cikin jininka daban-daban. Likitanka zai yi maka magana game da sakamakon bincikenka kuma ya gaya maka abin da za ka yi a gaba.

Ga wasu dabi'u da ake tsammani na yau da kullun don gwaje-gwaje da yawa masu mahimmanci da suka shafi haɗarin cututtukan zuciya:

• Jimlar Cholesterol (TC):
• Shekaru 20 ko ƙasa da haka: Tsakanin 75 - 169 mg/dL.
• Shekaru 21 ko sama da haka: Tsakanin 100 - 199 mg/dL.
• Triglycerides (TG): Kasa da 150 mg/dL yana da kyau. Idan ya fi 500 - 1000 mg/dL, akwai haɗarin kamuwa da cutar pancreatitis. Wannan matakin yawanci yana da yawa a cikin mutanen da ke da kiba da kuma masu ciwon suga.
• Babban lipoprotein mai yawa (HDL - "mai kyau cholesterol"): Girman wannan shine mafi kyau.
• Maza: fiye da 45 mg/dL.
• Mace: fiye da 55 mg/dL.
• Ƙananan lipoprotein mai yawa (LDL - "mummunan cholesterol"): Ƙasa da kyau. Matsayin da ake tsammani zai bambanta dangane da yanayin lafiyar ku:
• Idan kana da cututtukan zuciya, cututtukan jijiyoyin jini, ciwon suga, ko kuma kana cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya: Kasa da 70 mg/dL.
• Idan kana da `(Metabolic Syndrome)` ko fiye da abubuwa guda ɗaya da ke haifar da haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya: Ƙasa da 100 mg/dL.
• Idan kana da ƙarancin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar jijiyoyin zuciya: Kasa da 130 mg/dL.
• Cikakken ƙidayar jini (CBC):
• Adadin ƙwayoyin jinin fari: 5,000 - 10,000 (kowace microlita).
• Hematocrit (adadin jinin da aka yi da ƙwayoyin jinin ja): Maza 40% - 55%; Mata 36% - 48%.
• Hemoglobin (ɓangaren ƙwayoyin jinin ja da ke ɗauke da iskar oxygen): Maza 14 - 18 gm/dL; Mata 12 - 16 gm/dL.
• Lipoprotein (A) (Lp(a)): Kasa da 30 mg/dL yana da kyau.
• Apolipoprotein B (ApoB): Kasa da 100 mg/dL yana da kyau.
• Homocysteine ​​​​(Hcy): Kasa da 15 mcmol/L yana da kyau.
• Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c):
• Matsayin lafiya: 6% ko ƙasa da haka.
• Ciwon suga kafin zuwan ciwon suga: 5.7% - 6.4%.
• Ciwon suga: kashi 6.5% ko sama da haka.
• Abinda ake nufi ga wanda ke da ciwon suga: 6.5% - ƙasa da 7%.
• Azumin Glucose a Jini: Kasa da 100 mg/dL yana da kyau.
• Ciwon suga kafin zuwa: 100 - 125 mg/dL.
• Ciwon suga: 126 mg/dL ko sama da haka a lokuta biyu daban-daban.
• Creatine Kinase (CK): Matsakaicin kewayon 30 - 220 U/L.
• Alanine aminotransferase (ALT/SGPT): Matsakaicin iyaka 5 - 45 U/L.
• Transaminase na Aspartate (AST/SGOT): Matsakaicin iyaka 7 - 40 U/L.
• Fibrinogen: Matsakaicin iyaka 200 - 400 mg/dL.
• Hormone Mai Ƙarfafa Thyroid (TSH): Matsakaicin da ya dace shine 0.4 - 5.5 mIU/mL. (Wannan na iya bambanta idan an yi muku maganin thyroid a baya.)
• Sunadaran C-reactive masu matuƙar tasiri (us-CRP):
• Ƙaramin haɗari: ƙasa da 2.0 mg/L.
• Haɗari matsakaici: 2.0 - 3.0 mg/L.
• Babban haɗari: fiye da 3.0 mg/L.
• Rabon albumin da creatinine na fitsari (uACR): Kasa da 30 mg/g yana da kyau.
• MPO: Kasa da 420 pmol/L yana da kyau.
• Vitamin D: Mafi kyawun kewayon shine 31 - 80 ng/ml.
• Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO):
• Ƙaramin haɗari: ƙasa da 6.2 uM.
• Haɗari matsakaici: 6.2 - 9.9 uM.
• Babban haɗari: 10 uM ko fiye.

(Idan matakan TMAO sun yi yawa, likitanka zai iya ba da shawarar rage LDL da kuma sarrafa wasu abubuwan haɗari. Haka kuma za su iya ba da shawarar shan aspirin mai ƙarancin allurai sau biyu a rana da kuma bin abincin Bahar Rum.)

• NT-proBNP: Kasa da 125 pg/mL yana da kyau.
• Creatinine a cikin jini (CR):
• Mace: 0.58 - 0.96 mg/dL.
• Maza: 0.73 - 1.22 mg/dL.
• Maki na haɗarin ASCVD:
• Ƙaramin haɗari: <5%
• Haɗarin iyaka: 5-7.4%
• Hadari matsakaici: 7.5-<20%
• Babban haɗari: >20%

Muhimmi: Waɗannan ƙananan ƙima ne kawai. Ya kamata a kwatanta sakamakon bincikenka da wasu abubuwa da yawa, kamar shekarunka, jinsi, da sauran matsalolin lafiya. Saboda haka , yana da mahimmanci a tattauna waɗannan sakamakon tare da likitanka.

Har yaushe ake ɗauka don sanin sakamakon?

Sakamakon gwajin jini yawanci yana ɗaukar 'yan kwanaki ko fiye kafin ya dawo. Tambayi likitanka tsawon lokacin da zai ɗauka kafin a sami sakamakon.

Shin ya kamata in sake ganin likita?

Idan ba ka sami sakamakon gwajin ba bayan kimanin makonni biyu, ka kira likitanka. Da zarar ka sami sakamakon, likitanka zai tattauna da kai kuma ya gaya maka abin da za ka yi a gaba.

Ka tuna, duk da cewa gwaje-gwajen jini na iya ba ka kyakkyawar fahimta game da haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya, su kaɗai ba za su iya tabbatar maka da cewa kana da cutar ba. Idan gwaje-gwajen jininka sun nuna cewa haɗarin yana da yawa, likitanka zai iya ba da shawarar ƙarin gwaji. Kada ka ji tsoron yin magana da likitanka game da duk wata tambaya ko damuwa da kake da ita a wannan tsari.

Saƙon Ɗauka Gida

A taƙaice dai, waɗannan gwaje-gwajen jini kayan aiki ne mai mahimmanci don gano cututtukan zuciya da wuri. Dangane da bayanan da suka bayar, za ku iya yin canje-canje a salon rayuwa, kuma idan ya cancanta, ku fara magani. Sannan, za ku sami damar kare kanku daga cututtukan zuciya masu tsanani.

Ka tuna:

• Idan kana da abubuwan da ke haifar da cututtukan zuciya (waɗanda muka tattauna a baya), yi waɗannan gwaje-gwajen bisa shawarar likita.
• Yi magana a fili da likita game da sakamakon.
• Kada ka damu idan sakamakon ya nuna cewa haɗarin yana da yawa. Wannan yana nufin cewa kana buƙatar kula da lafiyarka kaɗan.
• Za ka iya kiyaye lafiyar zuciyarka ta hanyar bin tsarin abinci mai kyau, motsa jiki akai-akai , da kuma guje wa shan taba .

Kamar yadda zuciyarka take da muhimmanci a gare ka, haka nan kuma yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ka san lafiyar zuciyarka!

Ciwon zuciya , gwajin jini, cholesterol, cututtukan jijiyoyin zuciya, lafiyar zuciya, CAD, Gwaje-gwajen jini, Cholesterol, cututtukan jijiyoyin zuciya, lafiyar zuciya, Lafiyar rigakafi