Bari mu koyi game da ƙananan sojoji a jikinka - ƙwayoyin granulocytes.

Duk muna ƙoƙari sosai don guje wa cututtuka, ko ba haka ba? Wani lokaci har ma mura na iya sa mu rashin lafiya. Don haka, a cikin jikinmu, akwai tsarin kariya mai ban mamaki don yaƙi da irin waɗannan cututtuka da cututtuka. Wani muhimmin ɓangare na wannan tsarin tsaro shine ƙwayoyin halitta da za mu yi magana a kansu a yau. Waɗannan mutane suna aiki a cikin jikinmu kamar sojoji waɗanda ke kare ƙasarmu. To, bari mu ga su waye waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta, abin da suke yi, da abin da zai faru idan suka yi ƙanƙanta ko suka yi yawa. Komai abu ne mai sauƙi.

Shin kun san menene granulocytes?

A taƙaice dai, granulocyte wani nau'in farin jini ne. Haka ne, kun ji cewa akwai jajayen ƙwayoyin jini da farin ƙwayoyin jini a cikin jini. Daga cikin waɗannan farin ƙwayoyin jini, nau'in da ya fi yawa shine granulocyte.

Suna samun sunansu ne saboda a cikin ƙwayoyin halittarsu, a cikin cytoplasm (ruwan da ke cikin tantanin halitta), akwai ƙananan sifofi masu kama da iri da ake kira granules. A cikin waɗannan granules akwai sinadarai daban-daban, kamar enzymes . Waɗannan kamar makamansu ne.

Ka yi tunanin, idan wani abu kamar ƙwayar cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta ya shiga jikinka, ko kuma idan akwai kumburi sakamakon rauni, waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta na granulocytes suna gaggawa zuwa wurin kamar motar asibiti mai siren. Suna zuwa suna sakin sinadarai a cikin ƙwayoyin halittarsu don yaƙi da kamuwa da cuta.

Don haka, hanya ɗaya tilo da za a iya sanin ainihin matakan granulocyte ɗinku ita ce a yi gwajin jini. Ana iya yin hakan da CBC (Cikakken Ƙidayar Blood), wanda yawanci ana yin sa.

• Idan adadin granulocytes ɗinku yana da yawa , yana iya nufin cewa akwai wani nau'in kamuwa da cuta a jikinku.
• Haka kuma, idan adadin granulocytes ya yi ƙasa , yana iya zama alamar cutar ƙashi , kamar cutar sankarar jini ko kuma aplastic anemia . Amma kada ku damu, ba kowace raguwa ba ce ke da haɗari.

Ana kuma kiran waɗannan ƙwayoyin granulocytes da suna 'ƙwayoyin granulocytes', 'ƙwayoyin polymorphonuclear' ko 'ƙwayoyin PMN'. Amma bari mu kira su kawai 'ƙwayoyin granulocytes'.

Me zai faru idan kuna da granulocytes marasa girma?

Yawanci, waɗannan ƙwayoyin granulocyte suna shiga jini ne kawai bayan sun girma sosai a cikin ƙashin ƙashinmu, wato, bayan sun girma. Kamar yadda yara a makaranta suke karatu sosai kuma suna cin jarrabawa, haka nan suke fitowa.

Duk da haka, wani lokacin ana samun waɗannan ƙwayoyin granulocytes marasa girma , wato, ƙwayoyin da ba su kai ga girma ba, a cikin jini. Akwai dalilai da dama da za su iya sa hakan ya faru:

• Ɗaya daga cikinsu shine akwai yiwuwar samun matsala da ɓargon ƙashi.
• Ko kuma, yana iya zama cewa jikin yana mayar da martani ga kamuwa da cuta da wuri-wuri, kamar aika sabbin sojoji cikin gaggawa zuwa yaƙi.

Likitoci yawanci suna ɗan damuwa idan kana da fiye da kashi 2% na jimillar ƙwayoyin jininka na farin jini a matsayin ƙwayoyin granulocytes marasa girma.

Amma ku tuna da wannan ma:

• Uwaye masu juna biyu da jarirai jarirai na iya samun wasu ƙwayoyin granulocytes marasa girma a cikin jininsu. Wannan al'ada ce, alama ce da ke nuna cewa bargon ƙashi yana aiki da kyau. Don haka babu abin damuwa a kai.

Menene babban aikin granulocytes?

Kwayoyin halittar granulocytes ba sa aiki su kaɗai. Suna aiki tare a matsayin ƙungiya don yaƙar mu da kuma kare mu daga abubuwa kamar kamuwa da cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, da kuma abubuwan da ke haifar da allergens da ke shiga jikinmu.

Akwai manyan nau'ikan granulocytes guda huɗu. Kowane nau'i yana da sinadarai da enzymes daban-daban a cikin waɗannan granules ɗin, don haka ayyukansu sun ɗan bambanta.

1. Neutrophils

• Wannan shine mafi yawan nau'in granulocyte, kamar bataliyar da ta fi girma a cikin rundunar sojoji.
• Babban abokin gabarsu shine ƙwayoyin cuta . Kwayar neutrophil guda ɗaya zata iya cinye ta kuma ta lalata kusan ƙwayoyin cuta 20 a rayuwarta!
• Neutrophils sun ƙunshi tsakanin kashi 40% zuwa 60% na jimillar granulocytes da ke jikinmu, wanda ke nufin kusan kashi biyu cikin uku na farin ƙwayoyin jini.

2. Eosinophils

• Waɗannan ma suna da matuƙar muhimmanci. Ana samun su a kusan dukkan martanin garkuwar jiki .
• Aikinsu yana da yawa musamman a lokuta na rashin lafiyan jiki .
• Haka kuma, waɗannan eosinophils ne ke yaƙi da ƙwayoyin cuta , wato, halittu ne ke haifar da cututtuka kamar tsutsotsi.

3. Basophils

• Waɗannan mutane galibi suna yaƙi da rashin lafiyar jiki .
• Suna fitar da wani sinadari mai suna histamine , wanda ke taimakawa jiki wajen kawar da abubuwan da ke haifar da allergies (a yi la'akari da shi a matsayin atishawa da kuma fitar da hanci ).
• Yana kuma fitar da heparin , wanda ke hana zubar jini.

4. Kwayoyin mast

• Kwayoyin mast suma nau'in granulocyte ne. Amma ba sa yaɗuwa a cikin jini kamar sauran. Suna zaune a cikin kyallen jikinmu.
• Kamar basophils, suna kuma fitar da histamine da heparin.
• Basophils da ƙwayoyin mast suna kama da juna a kamanninsu. Babban bambanci shine cewa basophils suna da ɗan gajeren lokaci kuma suna gaggawa zuwa wurin da kumburi ya faru da zarar ya faru.

Ina ake samun granulocytes?

Waɗannan ƙananan sojoji, waɗanda ake kira granulocytes, ana samar da su a cikin jikinmuA cikin bargon ƙashi . Kamar sansanin motsa jiki. Sannan, lokacin da jiki ke buƙatar ayyukansa, sai su haɗa jini su je wuraren da suka dace.

Yaya ya kamata matakin granulocytes na yau da kullun ya kasance?

Yawanci, mutum mai lafiya ya kamata ya sami tsakanin granulocytes 1,500 zuwa 8,500 a kowace microliter (ƙaramin digo na jini). Rahoton gwajin jinin ku zai nuna wannan a matsayin `1.5 - 8.5 x 10^9/L`. Waɗannan ƙimar na iya bambanta kaɗan daga dakin gwaje-gwaje zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje.

Idan muka ɗauki nau'ikan granulocytes daban-daban da muka yi magana a kai a baya a matsayin kashi, wannan shine abin da ya kamata su kasance akai-akai:

• Neutrophils: Tsakanin kashi 50% zuwa 70% na dukkan fararen ƙwayoyin jini.
• Eosinophils: Tsakanin 1% zuwa 3%.
• Basophils: Tsakanin 0.4% da 1%.

Waɗanne cututtuka ne ake yawan samu waɗanda ke shafar ƙwayoyin granulocytes?

Matsalolin lafiya daban-daban na iya faruwa saboda ƙaruwa ko raguwar adadin granulocytes. Bari mu kalli kaɗan daga cikinsu:

• Basophilia: Wannan ƙaruwa ne a yawan basophils. Wannan na iya zama alamar kamuwa da cuta, cutar da ke shafar garkuwar jiki (cutar da ƙwayoyin jikinsu ke kai wa kansu hari), ko kuma wata cuta kamar cutar sankarar jini.
• Ciwon neutropenia mai zagaye: Wannan shine lokacin da matakin neutrophils ke raguwa sannan ya koma daidai. Wannan yana faruwa a cikin zagayowar. Wannan yanayin yana ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cututtuka.
• Eosinophilia: Ƙara yawan eosinophils. Ana ganin wannan a yanayi kamar asma da rashin lafiyar yanayi . Hakanan yana iya zama alamar kamuwa da cututtukan parasites ko cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da garkuwar jiki kamar sarcoidosis da cututtukan hanji masu kumburi .
• Granulocytosis: Wannan ƙaruwa ne a jimillar adadin granulocytes. Wannan na iya haifar da dalilai da dama. Cututtuka, ciwon daji na jini, wasu cututtukan da ke haifar da garkuwar jiki, da cututtukan ƙashi sune manyan abubuwan.
• Neutropenia (wanda kuma ake kira granulocytopenia): Wannan raguwa ne a yawan granulocytes, musamman neutrophils. Wannan yawanci yana faruwa ne saboda rashin lafiya a jini ko ƙashi, kamar aplastic anemia ko leukemia . Agranulocytosis shine mafi tsananin nau'in neutropenia.

Mene ne alamun cututtukan da suka shafi granulocyte?

Waɗannan alamomin na iya bambanta dangane da takamaiman yanayin da kake ciki. Duk da haka, wasu daga cikin alamomin da aka fi sani sun haɗa da:

• Jin gajiya a kowane lokaci (Gajiya)
• Zazzaɓi
• Cututtuka masu yawan faruwa (misali mura, kamuwa da makogwaro, kamuwa da cutar mafitsara)
• Cutar ɗanko
• Ciwon gaɓɓai
• Ciwon baki
• Tashin zuciya da amai
• Kurajen fata, kamar eczema
• Ciwon makogwaro
• Kumburin lymph nodes (a wurare kamar wuya da hammata)

Idan har yanzu kana da ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin waɗannan alamomin, ya fi kyau ka nemi shawara daga likita.

Wadanne gwaje-gwaje ake yi don duba matakan granulocytes?

Likitan ku zai iya duba adadin granulocytes ɗinku ta hanyar yin cikakken ƙidayar jini (CBC) . Wannan gwajin jini ne mai sauƙi wanda yawanci ake yi.

Don nemo matakan granulocytes a cikin rahoton CBC ɗinku, nemi waɗannan kalmomin:

• Neutrophil ko "tsaka tsaki".
• Eosinophil ko "eosin".
• Basophil ko "baso."

Sau da yawa ana bin waɗannan kalmomin da kalmar "abs." Wannan yana nufin "cikakke." Yana nufin cikakken adadin kowace nau'in ƙwayar halitta (daidaitaccen adadin da ke cikin jini).

Menene maganin cututtukan da suka shafi granulocyte?

Zaɓuɓɓukan magani za su bambanta dangane da yanayinka, amma wasu jiyya na yau da kullun sun haɗa da:

• Maganin rigakafi: Idan akwai kamuwa da cuta.
• Dashen ƙashi: A wasu lokuta masu tsanani.
• Corticosteroids: Rage kumburi.
• Allurar G-CSF (factor mai ƙarfafa ƙwayoyin cuta): Ƙara yawan samar da ƙwayoyin granulocyte.
• Magungunan rage garkuwar jiki: A cikin cututtukan da ke shafar garkuwar jiki.

Idan ciwon daji ya shafi granulocytes, zaɓuɓɓukan magani na iya haɗawa da:

• Maganin Kemoterapi
• Maganin rigakafi
• Maganin radiation
• Maganin da aka yi niyya
• Tiyata

Jiyya na granulocytes marasa girma

Idan sakamakon gwajin jininka ya nuna cewa kana da ƙwayoyin granulocytes marasa girma, likitanka zai iya yin ƙarin gwaje-gwaje don gano musabbabin.

• Idan dalilin kamuwa da cuta ne, za a rubuta maganin da ya dace.
• Idan sanadin wani abu ne kamar ciwon daji, za su yi maka magana game da zaɓuɓɓukan magani kamar tiyata, chemotherapy, ko maganin radiation.

Yaya zan kula da kaina? Me zai faru idan ina buƙatar damuwa game da matakan granulocytes dina?

Idan kana da wata matsala da ke shafar matakan granulocytes ɗinka, yana da mahimmanci ka kare kanka daga kamuwa da cuta. Ga wasu abubuwan da za ka iya yi:

• A guji taɓa idanunka, hancinka, ko fuska ba tare da wanke hannuwa ba. Kwayoyin cuta nawa ne ba a gani a hannunmu?
• A yi allurar riga-kafi da aka ba da shawarar a kan lokaci. Waɗannan na iya kare kai daga kamuwa da cututtuka da yawa.
• Ziyarci likitan haƙori akai-akai, kuma ku kula da tsaftace baki a gida. Ku goge haƙoranku da kyau.
• A wanke hannuwanku akai-akai kuma sosai, musamman kafin cin abinci, bayan amfani da banɗaki, da kuma bayan fita.
• A guji cunkoso da wuraren da marasa lafiya ke taruwa gwargwadon iko.
• Ku ci abinci mai kyau. Ku ci 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu da yawa. Waɗannan suna ƙarfafa garkuwar jikinku.
• Yi isasshen barci.
• A guji shan taba.

Abu mafi mahimmanci shine a nemi shawarar likita idan kana da wasu alamu marasa kyau, ba tare da yin watsi da su ba.

Mene ne bambanci tsakanin granulocytes da agranulocytes?

Duk waɗannan nau'ikan ƙwayoyin jinin fari ne. Duk da haka, ƙwayoyin agranulocytes ba su da ƙwayoyin da aka ambata a sama a cikin cytoplasm ɗinsu. Harafin "A" sau da yawa yana nufin "a'a." Don haka "agranulocyte" yana nufin wani abu kamar "ƙwayoyin da ba su da ƙwayoyin jini."

Monocytes da lymphocytes misalai ne guda biyu na waɗannan agranulocytes. Suna kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin garkuwar jiki.

A ƙarshe, abubuwan da za a tuna

Kwayoyin halittar jini (granulocytes) su ne sojojin da ba su da ƙarfi a tsarin garkuwar jikinmu waɗanda ke yaƙi da cututtuka, abubuwan da ke haifar da allergies, da sauran abubuwan da ke haifar da haushi da ke shiga jikinmu. Idan waɗannan ƙwayoyin jinin fararen suna aiki yadda ya kamata, jikinmu zai iya kare kansa sosai.

Duk da haka, idan jikinka bai samar da isassun ƙwayoyin granulocytes ba, ko kuma idan adadin ƙwayoyin granulocytes ya yi ƙasa ko ya yi yawa, hakan na iya nuna wata mummunar matsala.

Idan kana yawan yin rashin lafiya, ko kuma kana kamuwa da cututtuka, ko kuma kana da wata alama da aka ambata a sama, don Allah ka ga likita. Za su iya gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da suka dace, su gano musabbabin, sannan su tsara muku mafi kyawun magani. Kula da lafiyarku shine abu mafi mahimmanci!

' Granulocytes', ƙwayoyin jinin fararen fata, rigakafi, kamuwa da cuta, gwaje-gwajen jini, alamu, shawarwari kan lafiya, CBC, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils