Ƙarfin da ke cikin kawunanmu: Komai game da kwakwalwa! (Kwakwalwa)

Sannu! Yaya kake? A yau za mu yi magana game da ɗaya daga cikin gaɓoɓi mafi ban mamaki da mahimmanci a jikinmu. Wannan ita ce kwakwalwarmu . Kamar babbar kwamfuta ce a jikinmu. Duk abin da muke yi, muke faɗa, muke tunani, yadda muke ji, muke tunawa, yana sarrafa duk waɗannan. Kawai ka yi tunani, kana karanta wannan yanzu saboda kwakwalwarka!

To menene wannan kwakwalwa? ('Kwakwalwa')

A taƙaice dai, kwakwalwarka wata gabobi ce mai matuƙar rikitarwa da ƙarfi. Abubuwan da kake fahimta ta hanyar gaɓoɓinka guda biyar (gani, ji, ƙamshi, ɗanɗani, taɓawa), motsin zuciyarka (kamar baƙin ciki, farin ciki, fushi), tunaninka, tunaninka, yadda kake tafiya, yadda kake magana, da halayenka... duk waɗannan kwakwalwa ce ke sarrafa su kuma take tsara su.

Ba wai kawai haka ba, har ma yana kula da abubuwan da ba ka ma sani ba. Ka yi tunani game da su, numfashinka, zafin jikinka, bugun zuciyarka... Ba sai ka yi tunani game da waɗannan abubuwan ba. Suna faruwa ta atomatik . Duk waɗannan abubuwan kwakwalwarmu ce ke yin su. A gaskiya ma, abin da ya sa ka bambanta da sauran mutane, kuma na musamman shi ne saboda waɗannan ƙwarewa masu ban mamaki a cikin kwakwalwarka.

Kwakwalwarka ta ƙunshi sassa daban-daban, amma kuma tana da alaƙa. Wannan tsarin yana aiki ta hanyar aika saƙonni tsakanin ƙananan ƙwayoyin halitta da ake kira neurons . Waɗannan saƙonnin su ne abin da kwakwalwa ke fahimta, ke fassara su zuwa ma'ana ga jikinmu, kuma yana ba mu damar yin aiki yadda ya kamata.

Kwakwalwarka tana da alaƙa da kashin baya . Tare, su biyun sun samar da tsarin jijiyoyi na tsakiya (CNS) .

Menene manyan ayyukan kwakwalwa?

To, ku duba yawan abubuwan da kwakwalwarmu ke yi. Ga wasu daga cikin manyan abubuwan:

• Muna sarrafa abubuwan da ba mu ma san suna yi ba: abubuwa kamar numfashi, bugun zuciya, barci, zafin jiki.
• Yana haifar da 'amsar faɗa ko gudu' ko 'amsar damuwa' , wanda ke taimaka mana mu tsira idan muka fuskanci haɗari kwatsam.
• Domin tabbatar da cewa sauran gabobin jikinmu suna aiki yadda ya kamata.
• Sarrafa tunaninmu da motsin zuciyarmu.
• Motsinmu ('Aikin Mota'), daidaiton jiki, da kuma daidaita motsin jiki mai kyau.
• Sarrafa abubuwan da ke fitowa daga gaɓoɓi biyar (gani, ji, wari, taɓawa, ɗanɗano).
• Magana da fahimtar harshe.
• Tunani da yanke shawara.

A taƙaice dai, aikin kwakwalwa shine aika, karɓa, da kuma sarrafa siginar da ke tafiya a hankali ta cikin tsarin jijiyoyinmu na tsakiya. Waɗannan siginar saƙonni ne na bayanai daga hankulanmu guda biyar. Kwakwalwa kuma tana gane siginar daga cikin jiki, kamar ciwo, zafin jiki, da bugun zuciya. Waɗannan bayanai ne kwakwalwa ke fassara kuma take ba da ma'ana ga abubuwan da ke faruwa a kewaye da mu.

Yaushe kwakwalwarmu take daina girma?

Shin kun san cewa kwakwalwarmu tana girma sosai tun daga ranar da aka haife mu har zuwa lokacin da muke ƙanana? Duk da haka, yana ɗaukar lokaci kafin kwakwalwa ta girma sosai. Wannan tsari ba ya faruwa har sai kun kai tsakiyar shekara zuwa ƙarshen shekara ta 20 .

Ɗaya daga cikin ɓangarorin ƙarshe na kwakwalwa da ke girma da girma shine prefrontal cortex . Wannan ɓangaren shine abin da ke taimaka maka ka yanke shawara, fifita ayyuka, da kuma sarrafa motsin zuciyarka. Don haka wannan na iya zama ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da yasa wani lokacin kake fuskantar matsala wajen yanke shawara cikin gaggawa da kuma sarrafa motsin zuciyarka lokacin da kake ƙarami. Domin wannan ɓangaren bai riga ya 'tsaya' ba tukuna.

Menene manyan sassan kwakwalwa?

Akwai manyan sassa uku na kwakwalwarmu. Bari mu ga menene su.

1. Kwakwalwa (`Kwakwalwa`):

• Wannan shine mafi girman ɓangaren kwakwalwa. Yana kama da mafi girman ɓangaren kabewa.
• Wannan shine wanda ya fahimci bayanan da ke fitowa daga hankulanku guda biyar.
• Haka kuma, cerebellum yana sarrafa abubuwan da muke yi da hankalinmu, kamar magana, tunawa, ɗabi'a, hali, motsin rai, tunani, da hukunci.
• An raba shi zuwa sassa biyu: ɓangaren hagu da ɓangaren dama . Waɗannan ɓangaren biyu suna haɗuwa da gada da aka yi da tarin zare na jijiyoyi (waɗanda aka yi da farin abu) da ake kira corpus callosum .

2. Kwakwalwa:

• Wannan yana bayan kwakwalwa, a kusa da tushen kwakwalwa. Yana da siffar kamar ƙaramin da'ira.
• Yana da alhakin kiyaye daidaito, tsayuwa, daidaito, da ƙwarewar motsa jiki mai kyau (kamar danna maɓalli ko rubutu). Ka yi tunanin hakan kamar wanda ke taimaka maka ka daidaita lokacin da kake hawa babur.

3. Ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa:

• Wannan yana nan a gindin kwakwalwa, kamar bututun da ke haɗa sauran kwakwalwa da kashin baya.
• Yana sarrafa ayyuka da yawa na jikinmu ta atomatik . Waɗannan abubuwa ne da ba ma yi da gangan ba. Misali, abubuwa kamar bugun zuciya, numfashi, zagayowar barci da farkawa, da haɗiyewa.

Shin ba abin mamaki ba ne? Waɗannan sassa uku suna aiki tare don sarrafa dukkan jikinmu.

Ta yaya ake kare kwakwalwa?

Kwakwalwarmu wata gabobi ce mai matuƙar daraja da laushi, don haka tana buƙatar a kare ta sosai.

Kwakwalwarka tana kewaye da wani sinadari mai siffar ƙashi da ake kira cranium . Wannan wani ɓangare ne na kwanyarka. Kwakwalwa tana shawagi a cikin wani ruwa da ake kira cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) . Kasusuwan kwanyar da CSF tare suna kare kwakwalwa daga rauni. Kamar kwalkwali ne!

Ba wai kawai haka ba, har ma tsakanin kwakwalwarka da kwanyarka, akwai layuka uku na nama da ake kira meninges :

• Ma'anar Dura:Wannan shine mafi girman layi. Yana rufe kwanyarka.
• Membrane na Arachnoid: Wannan shine tsakiyar Layer. Sirara ce ta nama da ke rufe dukkan kwakwalwa.
• Pia mater: Wannan shine mafi girman matakin ciki. Yana ɗauke da jijiyoyin jini waɗanda ke kaiwa saman kwakwalwa.

Akwai jijiyoyi 12 na kwakwalwa a cikin kwakwalwarka. Jijiyoyi suna ɗaukar saƙonni tsakanin kwakwalwa, gabobi, da tsokoki ta hanyar aika motsin lantarki. Wannan shine yadda bayanai daga jikinka ke tafiya ta cikin jijiyoyi zuwa kwakwalwa, kuma saƙonni daga kwakwalwa suna tafiya zuwa wasu sassan jiki.

Wasu muhimman sassa na kwakwalwa

Baya ga manyan sassa uku, kwakwalwa tana da wasu ƙananan sassa da yawa masu mahimmanci waɗanda ke yin ayyuka na musamman. Bari mu dubi kaɗan daga cikinsu.

• Amygdala: Wannan wani ɓangare ne na tsarin limbic ɗinka. Yana cikin lobes na lokaci . Yana taimakawa wajen sarrafa motsin zuciyarka, musamman tsoro.
• Basal ganglia: Waɗannan su ne tsarin da ke cikin kwakwalwa wanda ke sarrafa motsinka.
• Hippocampus: Wannan ƙaramin tsari ne a cikin kwakwalwar kwakwalwa. Yana da alhakin ƙwaƙwalwarka da koyo. Yana da matuƙar muhimmanci don tunawa da sabbin abubuwa.
• Thalamus: Wannan yana saman tushen kwakwalwa, kamar 'maɓallin juyawa' na tsarin jijiyoyinka na tsakiya. Yana isar da bayanai daga wasu sassan jiki zuwa ga kwakwalwar kwakwalwa.
• Hypothalamus: Hypothalamus, wanda ke ƙarƙashin kwakwalwa, yana sarrafa hormones da ayyukan autonomic (kamar yunwa da ƙishirwa).
• Glandan Pituitary: Glandan pituitary, wanda ke ƙarƙashin hypothalamus, yana sarrafa samar da hormones. Duk da cewa ƙarami ne, yana yin ayyuka masu mahimmanci da yawa.
• Glandar Pineal: Wannan gland, wanda ke bayan corpus callosum, yana sarrafa zagayowar barci da farkawa.

Ka yi tunanin yadda waɗannan ƙananan sassa suke da sarkakiya idan aka haɗa su wuri ɗaya!

Menene lobes na kwakwalwa?

Mun tattauna a baya cewa kwakwalwa ta kasu kashi biyu (gefe). A kowane gefe, akwai lobes guda huɗu (lobes) . Kowannensu yana da aiki daban.

• Gaban gaba:
• Wannan yana cikin ɓangaren gaba na kwakwalwarka, bayan goshinka. Wannan shine mafi girman lobe.
• Yana sarrafa abubuwa da yawa, kamar motsinmu na son rai, fahimtar zamantakewa, tunani, da ilmantarwa. Hakanan yana da alhakin abubuwa kamar yanke shawara da tsare-tsare.

• Lobe na kusurwa:
• Wannan yana bayan kwakwalwa.
• Wannan ɓangaren kwakwalwa yana taimaka maka wajen sarrafa da fahimtar bayanan gani (abin da kake gani) da ke fitowa daga idanunka.

• Lobe na parietal:
• Wannan ɓangaren kwakwalwa, wanda yake a saman da bayan kwakwalwa, yana karɓar kuma yana fassara sigina daga wasu sassan kwakwalwa, yana ba ku fahimtar yanayin da ke kewaye da ku da kuma yanayin jikin ku. Hakanan yana da alhakin jin abubuwa kamar taɓawa, zafi, da zafin jiki.

• Lobe na ɗan lokaci:
• Wannan ɓangaren kwakwalwarka, wanda yake a gefen kanka, kusa da kunnuwanka, yana taimaka maka ka dawo da abubuwan tunawa, fahimtar harshe, da kuma fassara motsin rai. Haka kuma inda kake sarrafa abin da ka ji.

Kalli yadda kowace ƙungiya ke yin aiki na musamman. Duk wannan aiki tare shine abin da ke sa mu 'mu'.

Menene 'Launi Mai Laushi da Fari' a cikin kwakwalwa?

Wataƙila kun ji labarin 'launin toka' na kwakwalwa da kuma 'launin fari'. Waɗannan nau'ikan nama ne guda biyu a cikin kwakwalwa. An sanya musu suna ne saboda launinsu da aikinsu.

• Toka abu:
• Wannan shine ɓangaren waje mai duhu na kwakwalwa (wanda kuma ake kira cerebral cortex ).
• Wannan abu mai launin toka yana taimaka maka da ayyukanka na yau da kullun, kamar sarrafa tsokoki, amfani da hankalinka, tuna abubuwa, jin motsin rai, da kuma magana.

• Farar abu:
• Wannan yana ƙarƙashin launin toka, a cikin launin haske.
• Abin da wannan ke yi shi ne aika sakonni zuwa sassa daban-daban na tsarin jijiyoyinka na tsakiya don taimaka maka yin aiki yadda ya kamata.

A taƙaice dai, idan launin toka kamar kwamfuta ne, to fari kamar kebul ne a cikin wannan kwamfutar. Ɗaya ba zai iya aiki ba tare da ɗayan ba.

Kwayoyin halitta nawa muke da su a kwakwalwarmu?

An ce akwai kimanin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi biliyan 86 (`Neurons`) a cikin kwakwalwar ɗan adam! Haka kuma, akwai adadin ƙwayoyin da ba na jijiyoyi ba daidai da ake kira `Glial cells` .

• Jijiyoyin Jijiyoyi: Waɗannan su ne ƙwayoyin da ke aika da karɓar siginar lantarki da sinadarai, kamar wayoyin da ke ɗauke da bayanai a cikin kwakwalwa.
• Kwayoyin Glial: Waɗannan suna taimakawa wajen kula da kwakwalwa, samar da myelin ( wani abu mai kitse, mai kariya a cikin farin abu), da kuma samar da abinci mai gina jiki ga kwakwalwa. Suna kama da mataimaka ga ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi.

Adadin ƙwayoyin halitta masu ban mamaki, ko ba haka ba?

Nawa ne nauyin kwakwalwar ɗan adam?

Kwakwalwar manya tana da nauyin kimanin fam 3 (kilogiram 1.4) . Lokacin da aka haife mu, tana da nauyin kusan fam ɗaya. Tana girma zuwa kimanin fam 2 a lokacin yarinta. Nauyin kwakwalwarka na iya bambanta kaɗan dangane da jinsi da girman jikinka.

Wadanne cututtuka ne zasu iya shafar kwakwalwa?

Kamar yadda kuka sani, kwakwalwarmu tana da alhakin kusan duk abin da muke yi. Saboda haka, cututtukan da ke shafar kwakwalwa sun zama ruwan dare. Waɗannan cututtukan na iya bambanta a tsanani da tsanani. Ga wasu daga cikinsu:

• Cutar Alzheimer da ciwon hauka
• Ciwon sclerosis na gefe na Amyotrophic (ALS)
• Ciwon Bambance-bambancen Autism (ASD)
• Jinin kwakwalwa
• Ciwon kwakwalwa
• Juyawar kai ( wani yanayi da ke faruwa lokacin da aka bugi kai)
• Damuwa
• Farfadiya
• Ciwon Sclerosis Mai Yawa ('Ƙwayoyin Sclerosis Mai Yawa' - 'MS')
• Cutar Parkinson
• bugun jini
• Raunin Kwakwalwa Mai Rauni (TBI)

Wasu daga cikin waɗannan yanayi suna nan a lokacin haihuwa, yayin da wasu kuma ke tasowa daga baya. Alamomin sun bambanta. Suna iya shafar abubuwa da yawa masu mahimmanci, ciki har da lafiyar kwakwalwarka, motsinka, ƙwaƙwalwarka, tunani, da kuma magana.

Abu mafi mahimmanci shine a nemi shawarar likita nan take idan ka lura da wani abu mai ban mamaki ko na ban mamaki a cikin kwakwalwarka. Idan ka gane shi da wuri, za a iya sarrafa abubuwa da yawa kuma a magance su.

Ta yaya muke kiyaye lafiyar kwakwalwarmu?

Wataƙila ka fahimci yadda kwakwalwarmu take da muhimmanci kuma mai muhimmanci. Kullum tana aiki, ko da lokacin da muke barci! Yayin da kake karanta wannan, kwakwalwarka tana kula da duk wani abu da ke jikinka: kana numfashi, idanunka suna ƙyaftawa, kuma wataƙila ma tana tunatar da kai cewa kana jin yunwa!

Don haka, kiyaye lafiyar wannan kwakwalwa, wadda ke aiki koyaushe don kiyaye dukkan jikinmu yana aiki yadda ya kamata, yana da matukar muhimmanci. Akwai wasu abubuwa da za ku iya yi don yin hakan:

• Ku haɗu da abokai, ku kasance masu hulɗa da mutane: Yin magana da mutane da dariya kyakkyawan abin ƙarfafawa ne ga kwakwalwa.
• Warware wasanin gwada ilimi, motsa kwakwalwarka: Abubuwa kamar kalmomin shiga, Sudoku, da koyon wani sabon abu suna taimakawa wajen ci gaba da aiki da ƙwayoyin kwakwalwarka.
• Yi bimbini don rage damuwa: Damuwa mai yawa ba ta da kyau ga kwakwalwa. Ka kwantar da hankalinka ta hanyar abubuwa kamar yin bimbini da motsa jiki na numfashi.
• Ku ci abinci mai gina jiki: Ku ci abinci mai gina jiki ga kwakwalwa kamar kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itatuwa, kifi, da goro.
• Motsa jiki akai-akai: Motsa jiki yana inganta kwararar jini zuwa kwakwalwa.
• Samun isasshen barci: A lokacin barci ne kwakwalwa ke gyara kanta da kuma adana abubuwan tunawa. Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci a sami kyakkyawan barci.

A ƙarshe, abin da za a tuna! (Saƙon Ɗauka Gida)

Kwakwalwarmu abu ne mai ban mamaki kwarai da gaske. Shi ne abin da ke sa mu zama irinmu. Yana sarrafa kowane tunani, ji, da kuma matakin da muke ɗauka.

Idan kana da wata damuwa game da lafiyar kwakwalwarka, ko kuma idan kana tunanin kana da alamun wata cuta da ke da alaƙa da kwakwalwa (misali, yawan jiri, rashin tunawa, wahalar magana), don Allah ka ga likita.Kada ku damu, akwai maganin abubuwa da yawa idan kun gane su da wuri.

Kula da kwakwalwarka sosai! Ita ce babbar kadararka mafi daraja.

` Kwakwalwa, tsarin jijiyoyi na tsakiya, aikin kwakwalwa, cerebellum, cerebellum, tushen kwakwalwa, ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi, lafiyar kwakwalwa