Wanene wannan likitan tiyatar hanji? Bari mu gano daidai!

Za ka iya ɗan mamaki idan ka ji sunan 'Likitan tiyatar hanji', kana tunanin, "Wane ne wannan? Me suke yi?" Kada ka damu, ba shi da rikitarwa sosai. A taƙaice dai, wannan likita ne wanda ya ƙware wajen magance cututtuka da kuma yin tiyata a babban hanji, dubura , da dubura . Don haka bari mu yi magana game da wannan dalla-dalla, kamar kana magana da aboki, ko?

Wanene wannan likitan tiyatar hanji? Shin a da ana kiransa da likitan rigakafi?

Eh, wataƙila kun ji kalmar 'proctologist'. A gaskiya ma, a da, likitocin da ke kula da irin waɗannan cututtuka ana kiransu proctologists. 'Likitan tiyatar colororectal' shine sunan da aka sabunta, na zamani ga wannan fannin likitanci.

Akwai ɗan bambanci kaɗan a ma'ana tsakanin waɗannan sunaye biyu. Idan muka ce 'proctologist', galibi yana nufin dubura da dubura. Amma idan muka ce 'colorectal', ya haɗa da hanji da dubura. Kun sani, waɗannan biyun su ne manyan sassan babban hanji. Duk da haka, a aikace, ko da wanne daga cikin waɗannan sunaye biyu aka kira su, waɗannan ƙwararru suna kula da duk waɗannan sassan . Don haka babu abin da za a yi tunani a kai sosai.

Me yasa muke buƙatar ganin likitan tiyata na hanji?

Ka yi tunanin kana da wani rashin jin daɗi ko alama a cikin ƙananan ciki, wato, ƙananan hanjin ciki (GI). Sannan za ka iya fara zuwa ganin likita ko likitan ciki.

Idan, bayan duba ka, likitan ya ga cewa yanayinka yana buƙatar tiyata , zai tura ka zuwa ga likitan tiyata na hanji.

Wasu daga cikin cututtukan hanji da kan iya buƙatar tiyata sun haɗa da:

• Ciwon daji da polyposis : Wannan yana nufin yanayin ciwon daji a cikin hanji ko ƙananan girma (polyps) waɗanda zasu iya zama ciwon daji.
• Ciwon hanji mai kumburi (IBD): Wannan kumburi ne na dogon lokaci a cikin rufin hanji. Misalan sun haɗa da cututtuka kamar cutar Crohn da ulcerative colitis .
• Ischemia: Wannan shine lokacin da wani ɓangare na hanji ya lalaceRage ko rasa jini . Idan hakan ta faru, wannan ɓangaren ma yana iya mutuwa.
• Lalacewar tsarin jiki: Misali, fistulas - wata alaƙa mara kyau tsakanin hanji da wani sashin jiki, hernias - wata fitowa daga wani ɓangare na hanji ta hanyar rauni, da kuma faɗuwa - wata fitowa ko fitowar wani ɓangare na jiki, kamar dubura.

Shin likitocin tiyata na hanji suna kula da hanji ne kawai?

A'a, hakan ba gaskiya ba ne. Duk da cewa likitocin tiyata na hanji sun fi ƙwarewa a babban hanji , ana kuma horar da su a matsayin likitocin tiyata na gaba ɗaya .

Bayan haka, matsala a cikin wani sashin jikinmu na iya shafar wasu gabobin, ko ba haka ba? Saboda haka, waɗannan ƙwararrun dole ne su yi maganin wasu gabobin da ke da alaƙa kai tsaye da hanji ko kuma waɗanda cutar ta shafa. Irin waɗannan gabobin sune:

• Ƙaramin Hanji
• Tsokokin ƙasan ƙashin ƙugu (waɗannan suna taimakawa wajen sarrafa hanji da mafitsara)
• Tsarin fitsari
• Tsarin Haihuwar Mata

Wadanne cancanta ake buƙata don zama likitan tiyata na hanji?

Wannan muhimmin batu ne. Likitan tiyatar hanji mutum ne wanda ke da babban horo da ƙwarewa . Misali, a ƙasa kamar Amurka, don zama likitan tiyatar hanji, dole ne mutum ya horar da kansa a matsayin likitan tiyata na tsawon akalla shekaru biyar. Bayan haka, dole ne mutum ya yi wata shekara ɗaya ko fiye na horon zama a yanayin ciwon hanji.

Bayan wannan horon, suna cin jarrabawar rubutu da ta baki kuma suna zama ƙwararru masu takardar shedar hukumar daga hukumomin lafiya masu dacewa (misali, Hukumar Kula da Tiyatar Canjin Hannu ta Amurka). Don haka kamar yadda kuke gani, wannan ba tafiya ce mai sauƙi ba, shi ya sa za mu iya amincewa da iliminsu da iyawarsu.

Menene musamman likitan tiyatar hanji ke koya fiye da likitan tiyata na gaba ɗaya?

Waɗannan ƙwararru suna nazarin ilimin halittar hanji da na anorectal , wato, yadda waɗannan gabobi ke aiki da kuma yadda suke mu'amala da juna.

Saboda wannan zurfin ilimin, matsalolin da ke tasowa a cikin hanji da duburaSuna da ƙwarewa ta musamman wajen nazarin matsalolin jiki masu sarkakiya da kuma samar da magunguna masu sauƙi da ake buƙata. A gaskiya ma, su ƙwararru ne a wannan fanni.

Me ainihin likitan tiyatar hanji ke yi?

Likitocin tiyata na hanji suna amfani da duk hanyoyin endoscopic da tiyata don magance tsarin narkewar abinci. Wannan yana nufin suna da duk kayan aikin da suke buƙata don magance cututtuka masu rikitarwa.

Za su iya yi maka magani ba tare da tiyata ba (misali, ta hanyar endoscopy), ta hanyar tiyatar da ba ta da tasiri sosai , ko kuma, idan ya cancanta, ta hanyar tiyatar da ba ta da amfani .

Wasu dabarun da likitocin tiyatar hanji ke amfani da su sun haɗa da:

• Binciken hanji: Wannan ya ƙunshi saka bututu mai siriri mai sassauƙa (endoscope) da kyamara da haske ta dubura don duba dukkan babban hanji . Ana iya amfani da wannan don cire ƙananan polyps da ɗaukar samfuran nama (biopsies).
• Enteroscopy: Wannan kuma hanya ce ta duba ƙaramin hanji ta amfani da na'urar endoscope.
• Sigmoidoscopy: Wannan yana duba ɓangaren ƙarshe na babban hanji (sigmoid colon), dubura, da dubura.
• Laparoscopy: Ana yin ƙaramin yankewa a cikin ciki, ta hanyarsa ne ake saka kyamarar musamman (laparoscope) don duba gabobin ciki.
• Tiyatar Laparoscopic: Wanda aka fi sani da "tiyatar ramin maɓalli," wannan hanya ce da ta ƙunshi yin ƙananan yankewa da dama a cikin ciki da kuma amfani da laparoscope da kayan aiki na musamman. Wannan yana ba da damar yin tiyatar ba tare da yin babban yankewa ba, wanda ke rage lokacin murmurewa.
• Tiyatar robot: Wannan kuma wani nau'in tiyata ne na laparoscopic. Duk da haka, a nan likitan fiɗa yana sarrafa hannun robot ta hanyar na'urar kwamfuta. Wannan yana ba da damar yin tiyata mai laushi da rikitarwa .

Wasu daga cikin tiyata da hanyoyin da likitocin hanji ke yi sun haɗa da:

• Yin tiyatar cire ƙwayoyin cuta (polypectomy): Cire ƙwayoyin cuta (ƙananan girma) a cikin hanji ta hanyar amfani da endoscopy.
• Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) / endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD): Hanyoyi masu inganci don cire ƙari a cikin ciki na hanji waɗanda ke da wahalar cirewa.
• Aikin tiyatar endoscopic na transanal: Tiyata ce da ake saka kayan aiki na musamman (proctoscope) ta dubura don cire manyan ciwace-ciwacen da ke toshe dubura.
• Tiyatar cire hanji: Cire wani ɓangare ko dukkan babban hanji, ya danganta da yanayin.
• Tiyatar Ostomy: Wannan ya ƙunshi canza yadda bayan gida ke fita daga jiki da kuma ƙirƙirar stoma ta hanyar haɗa ƙarshen hanji ɗaya da saman fatar ciki. Wannan ana kiransa colostomy ko ileostomy.
• Tiyatar Anastomosis: Sake haɗa sassa biyu na hanji ta hanyar cire wani ostomy da aka yi a baya.
• Cire appendix: Cire appendix idan ya kumbura (appendicitis).
• Anoplasty: Gyara ko sake fasalin dubura.
• Rectopexy: Ana yin tiyata wajen dawo da prolapse na dubura.
• Sacrocolpopexy: Gyaran prolapse na gabobin ƙashi.
• Gyaran Hernia: Gyaran hernia na hanji (misali hernia na inguinal, hernia na incisional) ta amfani da dabarun laparoscopic ko robot.
• Tiyatar Cecostomy / Antegrade colonic enema (ACE): Ana saka bututu a cikin hanji don samar da maganin enema a matsayin maganin wasu yanayi, kamar maƙarƙashiya.

Suna kuma yin abubuwa kamar haka don duba aikin hanyar hanji da dubura:

• Gwajin dubura ta dijital: Gwaji ne da likita ke saka yatsan hannu a cikin dubura.
• Anoscopy / Proctoscopy: Shigar da ƙaramin kayan aiki don duba dubura da ƙananan dubura.
• Defecography: Duban motsin hanji ta amfani da X-ray ko MRI.
• Duban duban dan tayi na endorectal: Duban duban dubura da kyallen da ke kewaye da ita ta hanyar saka na'urar duban dan tayi ta cikin dubura.
• Manometry na Anorectal: Auna matsin lamba da aikin tsokoki a cikin dubura da dubura.

Wadanne irin cututtuka ne likitocin tiyatar hanji ke yi wa masu fama da matsalar hanji?

Akwai yanayi da yawa da ke buƙatar ziyarar likitan tiyata na hanji. Bari mu duba wasu daga cikinsu a rukuni-rukuni:

Ciwon daji na hanji, misalai:

• Ciwon daji na hanji
• Ciwon daji na dubura
• Ciwon daji na dubura
• Ciwon daji da aka haɗa
• Ciwon daji na peritoneal - yaɗuwar ciwon daji zuwa rufin ciki
• Ciwon stromal na hanji (GIST)
• Ciwon daji na Neuroendocrine
• Wasu cututtukan daji na gado, kamar ciwon daji na hanji wanda ba na polyposis ba (HNPCC) ko Lynch syndrome

Misalan polyps na colorectal da kuma cututtukan polyposis da aka gada:

• Ciwon polyposis na iyali (FAP) - Wannan na iya haifar da ɗaruruwan ko dubban polyps a cikin hanji.
• Lynch syndrome - (wanda aka ambata a ƙarƙashin ciwon daji)
• Polyposis masu alaƙa da MUTYH (MAP)
• Ciwon polyposis mai rauni
• Ciwon daji na Desmoid
• Ciwon Peutz-Jeghers
• Ciwon polyposis na Matasa
• Ciwon Hamartoma na PTEN

Ciwon colitis mai rikitarwa (kumburin hanji), misalai:

• Diverticulitis - Kamuwa da cuta ko kumburin ƙananan jakunkuna (diverticula) a bangon hanji.
• Ciwon ulcerative colitis
• Cutar Crohn
• Ciwon hanji mai ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta (microscopic colitis)
• Ciwon ciki na Pseudomembranous - Yanayi wanda yakan faru bayan amfani da wasu magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta.
• Appendicitis - Kumburin appendix.
• Ciwon ciki mai kama da ciwon ciki (Necrotizing enterocolitis) - Mummunan yanayi da ke shafar jarirai.
• Ischemic colitis - Kumburi da ke faruwa sakamakon raguwar yawan jini zuwa hanji.

Matsalolin hanji na aiki, misalai:

• Matsalar ƙashin ƙugu - wata matsala da ke haifar da wahalar yin bayan gida.
• Rashin iya sarrafa bayan gida (rashin yin fitsari a bayan gida)
• Yin bayan gida da aka toshe
• Anismus - Rashin iya kwantar da tsokoki na dubura yadda ya kamata yayin yin bayan gida.

Lalacewar tsarin, misalai:

• Manyan toshewar hanji
• Fistula na dubura - Samuwar wata hanyar da ba ta dace ba tsakanin fata da hanji kusa da dubura.
• Fistula na Rectovaginal - wata alaƙa ta halitta tsakanin dubura da farji.
• Hernia na Perineal
• Kumburin Perianal
• Faɗuwar dubura ta dubura
• Faɗuwar gaɓɓan ƙashin ƙugu

Wasu yanayi marasa lafiya na hanji, misalai sun haɗa da:

• Zubar da jini a cikin hanji / zubar da jini a dubura
• Tsagewar dubura
• Kuraje na dubura
• Ciwon basir
• Ciwon dubura
• Maƙarƙashiya da kuma tasirin najasa

Ƙaramin tunatarwa game da hanjinka da tsarin narkewar abinci na ƙasa

Babban hanjinka babban ɓangare ne na ƙananan hanjinka . Abincin da muke ci yana ratsawa ta cikin tsarin narkewar abinci, kuma ta wannan ne ake cire sharar da ke cikin jikinka. Don haka, idan kana fuskantar alamu kamar ciwon ciki na ƙasa ko canje-canje a cikin yanayin hanjinka (misali, zubar jini, gudawa, maƙarƙashiya), wataƙila matsala ce da ƙananan hanjinka.

A wannan lokacin ne shawara da maganin likitan fitsari da kuma likitan hanji suka zama masu mahimmanci. Ba duk yanayi ne ke buƙatar tiyata ba. Duk da haka, idan ana buƙatar tiyata, za ku iya samun mafi kyawun magani ta hanyar ganin ƙwararre kamar wannan. Likitan ku na gaba ɗaya ko likitan ciki zai tura ku zuwa ga likitan fitsari idan sun ji cewa wannan ƙwararren zai iya magance matsalar ku.

A ƙarshe, dole in gaya muku... (Saƙon Ɗauka Gida)

Ina fatan yanzu kun fahimci wanene likitan tiyatar hanji, abin da yake yi, da kuma nau'ikan cututtuka da yake magancewa.

Abu mafi muhimmanci shi ne waɗannan ƙwararru suna nan don taimaka muku . Suna da ƙwarewa da horon da ake buƙata don yanayin ku.

• Idan kana da wasu alamu marasa kyau da suka shafi hanjinka, dubura, ko dubura (misali, ciwon ciki mai ɗorewa, jini a cikin bayan gida, canjin yanayin hanji, raguwar nauyi mara dalili), kada ka yi watsi da shi . Ka nemi shawarar likita nan da nan.
• Idan likitanka ya tura ka zuwa wurin likitan tiyata na hanji, kada ka firgita . Wannan yana nufin cewa kana iya buƙatar magani na musamman .
• Ku tuna, tare da ci gaban kimiyyar likitanci a yau, ana iya magance matsaloli da yawa da suka shafi wannan fanni cikin nasara da kuma warkarwa .

Don haka, kana buƙatar kasancewa cikin koshin lafiya! Idan kana da wata matsala, abu mafi mahimmanci shine samun shawara mai kyau daga wurin da ya dace.

` Likitan tiyatar baki, cututtukan dubura, likitan tiyatar baki, ciwon daji na hanji, colonoscopy, tsarin narkewar abinci, tiyata