Menene dashen ƙwayoyin halitta na Allogeneic? Bari mu koyi game da shi a sauƙaƙe!

Duk mun san tsoro da damuwa da ke zuwa daga jin daga likita cewa wani ɗan uwa ko aboki yana da mummunar matsalar jini ko cutar kansar jini. Amma godiya ga ci gaban da ake samu a fannin likitanci a yau, akwai magunguna masu ƙarfi waɗanda za su iya warkar da irin waɗannan cututtuka. Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan maganin ceton rai ana kiransa "Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant." Kodayake sunan yana iya yin kama da mai rikitarwa, bari mu yi magana game da abin da ke faruwa a cikin wannan a sauƙaƙe.

Menene ainihin dashen ƙwayoyin halitta na allogeneic?

A taƙaice dai, wannan ya ƙunshi cire ƙwayoyin halitta masu rashin lafiya da rashin aiki daga jikinka sannan a maye gurbinsu da ƙwayoyin halitta masu lafiya da jituwa daga wani (mai bayarwa).

Yanzu bari mu yi bayani kaɗan game da wannan.

• Kwayoyin Halitta: Haka nan za mu iya kiran waɗannan "ƙwayoyin halitta na uwa" saboda waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta kamar masana'antar da ke samar da dukkan sauran ƙwayoyin halitta na jini a jikinmu (ƙwayoyin halitta ja, fararen ƙwayoyin halitta, platelets). Waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta na halitta galibi ana samun su ne a cikin bargon ƙashinmu.
• Allogeneic: Wannan kalma tana nufin "wanda aka karɓa daga wani." Wannan yana nufin cewa maganin yana amfani da ƙwayoyin halitta daga mai bayarwa mai lafiya, mai jituwa, ba naka ba.

Ka yi tunanin cewa ɓawon ƙashinmu kamar fili ne mai albarka da ƙasa mai kyau. A wannan fanni ne ƙwayoyin jininmu ke girma. Amma a cikin wata cuta kamar cutar sankarar jini, wannan fanni yana lalacewa, kuma ciyayi (ƙwayoyin cutar kansa) suna girma maimakon amfanin gona mai kyau. Don haka, a cikin wannan maganin, ana cire wannan ƙasa da ta lalace (ƙwayar ƙashi da ta kamu) gaba ɗaya kuma a maye gurbinta da sabuwar ƙasa mai lafiya, mai albarka (ƙwayoyin halittar mai bayarwa). Sannan, ƙwayoyin jinin masu lafiya suna fara girma a cikin wannan sabuwar ƙasa.

Wadanne irin yanayi ne ake amfani da wannan maganin?

Sau da yawa ana amfani da shi ga cututtukan da suka shafi jini da garkuwar jiki. Ga wasu daga cikin manyan cututtuka.

Ta yaya kuke shiryawa don magani?

Domin wannan babban magani ne, ƙungiyar likitoci za ta yi gwaje-gwaje da dama kafin a tabbatar da cewa jikinka zai iya jure shi.

• Gwaje-gwajen jini: Ana yin abubuwa kamar cikakken ƙididdige jini (CBC) don duba matakan ƙwayoyin jini ja, fararen ƙwayoyin jini, da kuma platelets.
• Gwaje-gwajen zuciya: Echocardiogram (don ganin yadda zuciya ke aiki) da kuma electrocardiogram (EKG) don ganin yadda zuciya ke aiki.
• Ana yin gwaje-gwaje don duba aikin hanta da koda .
• Binciken Madarar Kashi: Idan kana da ciwon daji, za a ɗauki ƙaramin samfurin madarar ƙashi a gwada shi don tantance yanayin cutar da kuma haɗarin sake dawowa.

Da zarar an yi duk waɗannan gwaje-gwajen kuma aka tabbatar cewa kai ne ƙwararren mai nema, mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren maganin, wanda ake kira "ƙa'idar kafin dashen," zai fara. Wannan ya haɗa da yawan shan maganin chemotherapy ko maganin radiation ga jiki gaba ɗaya. Wannan na iya zama lokaci mai wahala. Amma yana da mahimmanci.

Me yasa wannan maganin kafin a fara shi yake da muhimmanci?

• Yana lalata duk wani ƙwayar cutar kansa da ya rage a jikinka.
• Yana cire tsofaffin ƙwayoyin halitta masu rashin lafiya daga cikin ƙashin ku kuma yana ba da sarari ga sabbin ƙwayoyin halitta su shigo su girma.
• Yana raunana garkuwar jikinka na ɗan lokaci. Ana yin hakan ne don hana jikinka kai hari da ƙin sabbin ƙwayoyin halittar da aka bayar.

Za ku zauna a asibiti na tsawon mako ɗaya ko biyu don wannan maganin.

Me ke faruwa a ranar da aka yi dashen ƙwayoyin halitta?

Tsarin dashen ƙwayoyin halitta a zahiri abu ne mai sauƙi kuma ba shi da ciwo , kamar bayar da jini.

Ƙungiyar likitoci za ta saka wani bututu na musamman a cikin babban jijiyar da ke saman ƙirjinka. Ana kiran wannan da Catheter na Tsakiyar Venous (CVC) . Jakar da ke ɗauke da ƙwayoyin tushe masu lafiya daga mai bayarwa tana haɗe da wannan bututun. Sannan ana saka ƙwayoyin a hankali cikin jikinka, ta hanyar jininka, da kuma cikin ƙashin kashin ka, kamar ruwan gishiri.

Wannan tsari yana ɗaukar kimanin mintuna 30 zuwa awa ɗaya. A wannan lokacin, ƙungiyar likitoci za su zauna kusa da kai su sa ido kan hawan jininka da bugun zuciyarka. Wani lokaci, ƙananan illa na iya faruwa.

• Jin sanyi
• Ƙaramin wahalar numfashi
• Zazzaɓi

Amma waɗannan ba su da tsanani.

Me ke faruwa bayan magani?

Mafi mahimmancin lokacin murmurewa yana farawa bayan dashen ƙwayoyin halitta. Za ku buƙaci ku zauna a asibiti ko kusa da shi na tsawon wasu makonni.

• Maganin garkuwar jiki: Za a ci gaba da ba ku magungunan rage garkuwar jiki don hana jikinku kai hari ga sabbin ƙwayoyin halitta da kuma hana sabbin ƙwayoyin halitta kai hari ga jikinku.
• Karin jini: Yana ɗaukar ɗan lokaci kafin sabbin ƙwayoyin halitta su fara aiki su kuma samar da sabbin ƙwayoyin halitta ja da platelets. A wannan lokacin, kuna iya buƙatar ƙarin jini.
• Kariya daga kamuwa da cuta: Tsarin garkuwar jikinka yana da rauni sosai a wannan lokacin, don haka ana ba da kulawa ta musamman don kare kanka daga kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta.

Tsarin da sabbin ƙwayoyin halitta ke bi zuwa ga bargon ƙashi, su zauna a wurin, sannan su fara samar da sabbin ƙwayoyin jini ana kiransa "engraftment." Wannan na iya ɗaukar kimanin kwanaki 10 zuwa 14.

Tsawon wane lokaci ake ɗauka kafin a warke gaba ɗaya?

Wannan tsari ne mai tsawo. Yana iya ɗaukar shekaru biyu ko fiye kafin ya warke gaba ɗaya. Yana iya ɗaukar kimanin shekara guda kafin garkuwar jikinka ta warke.

Haɗari na musamman da ya kamata a sani game da: Cutar Graft vs. Mai Baƙi (GVHD)

Wannan ita ce matsalar da ta fi yawa a cikin dashen allogeneic. A taƙaice dai, tana faruwa ne lokacin da sabbin ƙwayoyin garkuwar jiki daga mai bayarwa (dashen) suka kai hari ga ƙwayoyin jikinka da kyallen jikinka (mai masaukin baki) . Kamar "baƙo ne ke kai hari ga mai masaukin baki."

Wannan na iya zama mai sauƙi ko mai tsanani. Shi ya sa ake ba da magungunan rage ƙarfin garkuwar jiki akai-akai. Ya kamata ku san alamun wannan yanayin sosai.

Alamomin da ya kamata a sanar da likitanka nan take

Idan ka koma gida bayan magani, ya kamata ka yi taka tsantsan game da wasu alamu. Idan ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan ya bayyana, kira ƙungiyar likitocinka nan da nan.

Bambanci tsakanin dashen "allogeneic" da "autologous"

Wataƙila ka ji labarin dashen ƙwayoyin halitta na autologous . Babban bambanci tsakanin su biyun shine tushen ƙwayoyin halitta.

• Allogeneic: Ana samun ƙwayoyin halitta daga wani (mai bayarwa).
• Autologous: Ana ɗaukar ƙwayoyin halittar daga majiyyaci . Wannan yana nufin cewa ana fara tattara ƙwayoyin halittar majiyyaci masu lafiya sannan a mayar musu da su bayan an yi musu maganin chemotherapy mai tsanani.

Dashen allogeneic zai iya warkar da wasu cututtuka masu barazana ga rayuwa gaba ɗaya. Sau da yawa, waɗannan dashen masu ceton rai ana yin su ne ta hanyar masu ba da gudummawa da ba a sani ba waɗanda ba a taɓa haɗuwa da su ba. Wani lokaci, 'yan uwa suna zama masu ba da gudummawa. Duk da cewa akwai haɗari ga wannan maganin, fa'idodin kuma suna da yawa. Likitan ku zai yi muku bayani duk wannan kuma ya taimaka muku yanke shawarar da ta fi dacewa da ku.