Kana jin tsoron ciwon kwakwalwa? Bari mu yi magana a kan wannan a taƙaice.

Shin kana da ciwon kai wanda ke zuwa da fita, kuma ba ya amsa maganin da ake sha akai-akai? Ko kuma kana jin kamar kana rasa hankalinka kana ɓatar da kalmominka? Wataƙila kana mamakin, "Oh, ina da ciwon kwakwalwa?" Amma kada ka damu. A mafi yawan lokuta, waɗannan alamun na iya faruwa ne ta wasu dalilai masu sauƙi. Duk da haka, yana da mahimmanci a san ciwon kwakwalwa. Don haka a yau, za mu yi magana game da komai ta hanya mai sauƙi da za ka iya fahimta.

A taƙaice dai, menene ciwon kwakwalwa?

A taƙaice dai, ciwon kwakwalwa wani nau'in ƙwayoyin halitta ne marasa kyau da ke samuwa a cikin ko a kusa da kwakwalwarmu. Yawanci, ƙwayoyin halitta a jikinmu suna rabuwa, suna girma, kuma daga ƙarshe suna mutuwa ta hanyar da aka tsara. Amma wani lokacin wannan tsari yana faruwa ba daidai ba. Sannan ƙwayoyin halitta suna fara rabuwa da sauri ba tare da kulawa ba. Wannan ƙarin ƙwayar halitta da ke taruwa ta wannan hanyar ana kiranta ciwon daji.

Ana iya raba waɗannan goro zuwa nau'i biyu.

1. Ciwon daji mara kyau: Waɗannan ba cututtuka ne masu cutar kansa ba.

2. Ciwon daji mai tsanani: Waɗannan su ne abin da muke kira Ciwon daji.

Domin fahimtar ainihin bambanci tsakanin su biyun, duba teburin da ke ƙasa.

Me yasa waɗannan ciwace-ciwacen kwakwalwa ke tasowa? Menene abubuwan da ke haifar da haɗari?

A gaskiya ma, sau da yawa yana da wuya a gano ainihin musabbabin ciwon kwakwalwa. Duk da haka, masana kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa lalacewar kwayoyin halitta (DNA) a cikin ƙwayoyin halittarmu yana faruwa ne sakamakon lalacewar kwayoyin halitta. An gano dalilai da dama na wannan lalacewar kwayoyin halitta.

• Fuskantar radiation: Haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon kwakwalwa daga baya ya fi yawa, musamman idan aka yi maka maganin radiation mai yawa a kai a lokacin ƙuruciya.
• Tarihin iyali: Mutanen da ke da iyalai masu wasu cututtuka na kwayoyin halitta (kamar Neurofibromatosis) suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon kwakwalwa.
• Shekaru: Ciwon kwakwalwa ya fi yawa a cikin mutanen da ke tsakanin shekaru 65 zuwa 79. Duk da haka, suna iya tasowa a kowane zamani.
• Kamuwa da Kaji: Abin mamaki, wasu bincike sun gano cewa mutanen da suka taɓa kamuwa da kamuwa a wani lokaci a rayuwarsu suna da ƙarancin haɗarin kamuwa da wani nau'in ciwon daji na kwakwalwa da ake kira glioma.

Waɗanne manyan nau'ikan ciwon kwakwalwa ne?

Akwai nau'ikan ciwace-ciwacen kwakwalwa sama da 150. An sanya musu suna bisa ga nau'in ƙwayar da ciwon ya fara daga ciki. Bari mu yi magana game da wasu daga cikin manyan nau'ikan.

Ciwon daji mara kyau

• Ciwon daji: Waɗannan su ne nau'in ciwon daji mafi yawan gaske. Suna farawa ne daga cikin meninges, membranes da ke rufe kwakwalwa da kashin baya.
• Schwannoma: Waɗannan ciwace-ciwacen, waɗanda suka fara daga ƙwayoyin da ke rufe jijiyoyi, na iya faruwa musamman a cikin jijiyar da ke haɗa kunne da kwakwalwa (Acoustic Neuroma).
• Pituitary Adenoma: Waɗannan ciwace-ciwacen suna tasowa ne a cikin glandar pituitary, wadda take cikin zurfin kwakwalwa. Tunda wannan glandar tana sarrafa yawancin hormones ɗin da ke jikinmu, ciwace-ciwacen na iya kawo cikas ga aikin hormones.
• Craniopharyngioma: Wannan kuma wani nau'in ciwon daji ne da ke tasowa daga ƙwayoyin da suka rage daga matakin tayi kuma yawanci yana faruwa a cikin yara da mutanen da ke da matsakaicin shekaru.

Nau'ikan ciwon daji masu illa

• Glioma: Wannan nau'in yana da kusan kashi 78% na ciwace-ciwacen kwakwalwa. Suna farawa ne daga ƙwayoyin da ke tallafawa kwakwalwa (ƙwayoyin glial).
• Astrocytoma: Wannan ita ce nau'in glioma da aka fi sani. Mafi haɗari kuma mafi saurin girma daga cikin waɗannan shine glioblastoma (GBM) .
• Ependymoma: Yana samuwa a cikin ventricles wanda ke samar da ruwan cerebrospinal.
• Medulloblastoma: Waɗannan sun zama ruwan dare a cikin yara. Yawanci suna tasowa a ɓangaren kwakwalwa wanda ke sarrafa daidaito (ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa).

Mene ne alamun waɗannan ciwace-ciwacen?

Alamomin ciwon kwakwalwa sun dogara ne da wurin da kuma girman ciwon . Saboda sassa daban-daban na kwakwalwa suna sarrafa ayyuka daban-daban a cikin jiki, aikin ciwon na iya lalacewa.

Ga wasu alamomin da aka saba gani.

• Ciwon kai: Ciwon kai wanda ke da matuƙar tsanani idan aka tashi da safe kuma yana ƙara ta'azzara akan lokaci.
• Karyewar Jijiyoyi: Farawar farawar kwatsam ga wanda bai taɓa samun farfadiya ba a da.
• Canje-canje a cikin hali ko hali: Ba zato ba tsammani fushi, tashin hankali, ko rashin tunawa.
• Rauni a gefe ɗaya na jiki: Jin kasala, rauni, ko rashin jin daɗi a hannu ko ƙafa.
• Wahalar magana da fahimta: kalmomi marasa ma'ana, rashin iya tuna kalmar da ta dace.
• Matsalolin gani: hangen nesa mara kyau, hangen nesa biyu.
• Matsalolin ji: Rashin ji ko kuma yawan ƙara a cikin kunnuwa (tinnitus).
• Matsalolin daidaitawa: girgiza lokacin tafiya, jiri.
• Tashin zuciya da amai: Tashin zuciya ba tare da wani dalili ba, musamman da safe.

Yaya ake gane cutar?

Idan ka ga likita, zai fara tambaya game da alamominka, tarihin lafiyar iyalinka, sannan ya yi gwajin lafiyarka. Musamman ma, za a yi gwajin jijiyoyi don duba daidaitonka, ganinka, da kuma yadda kake ji.

Idan ana zargin ciwon kwakwalwa, ana ba da shawarar yin ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin waɗannan gwaje-gwaje.

• Duban MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Wannan ita ce hanya mafi kyau kuma mafi haske don gano ciwon kwakwalwa.
• CT Scan (Computed Tomography): Ana amfani da wannan lokacin da ba zai yiwu a yi MRI ba.
• Binciken Halitta: Idan aka cire ƙari yayin tiyata, ana yin ƙaramin rami a cikin kwanyar kuma ana ɗaukar ƙaramin yanki na nama daga cikin ƙari ta amfani da allura sannan a duba shi a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa. Sai bayan wannan gwajin ne za mu iya sanin ko ciwon yana da lahani ko kuma yana da illa, da kuma nau'insa.
• Hudawar Lumbar: Ana yin wannan gwajin ne idan akwai shakku cewa ciwon ya bazu zuwa membranes ɗin da ke rufe kwakwalwa.

Wadanne magunguna ake da su?

Ana tantance hanyar maganin ta hanyar la'akari da abubuwa da yawa, kamar nau'in ciwon, girmansa, wurin da yake, da kuma lafiyar jikinka gaba ɗaya.

1. Tiyata: Sau da yawa maganin farko shine tiyata don cire ciwon. Likitan jijiyoyin kwakwalwa zai yi ƙoƙarin cire ciwon gwargwadon iko ba tare da lalata kwakwalwa ba.

2. Maganin Radiation: Wannan ya ƙunshi amfani da haskoki masu ƙarfi (X-ray, gamma haskoki) don lalata ƙwayoyin cutar kansa ko dakatar da girmansu. Fasaha ta zamani kamar 'Gamma Knife' na iya rage lalacewar kyallen da ke kewaye da lafiya.

3. Maganin Kemoterapi: Ba wa jiki magungunan da ke kashe ƙwayoyin cutar kansa. Ana iya ba su a matsayin allura ko ƙwayoyi.

4. Maganin da aka yi niyya da kuma maganin rigakafi: Waɗannan magunguna ne na zamani waɗanda ke mayar da hankali kan takamaiman canje-canje na kwayoyin halitta a cikin ƙwayoyin cutar kansa ko kuma ƙarfafa tsarin garkuwar jikinmu don yaƙar cutar kansa.

A wasu lokuta, ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin waɗannan magungunan na iya buƙatar a yi amfani da su tare. Likitan ku zai yi muku bayani game da duk waɗannan.