Shin kai ko wani na kusa da kai yana yawan samun farfadiya? Bari mu tattauna game da farfadiya (Epilepsy)!

Idan muka ga wani na kusa da mu ya samu bugun farfadiya farat daya, jikinsa yana rawa, ya suma kuma ya fadi kasa, dukkanmu muna tsorata sosai ko? Hakika abu ne mai ban tsoro. Amma idan muna da cikakkiyar masaniya game da wannan yanayin, hakan zai taimaka mana sosai wajen taimaka wa mutumin da kuma rayuwa tare da wannan ciwon. Don haka, yau za mu yi magana ne a kan farfadiya (Epilepsy), wanda mutane da yawa suka sani da sunan bugun farfadiya.

Menene farfadiya (Epilepsy)? Bari mu fahimta a saukake!

A saukake, farfadiya (Epilepsy) wani yanayi ne na rashin lafiya na dogon lokaci (chronic). Wannan yana faruwa ne lokacin da sakonnin lantarki daga kwayoyin halittar kwakwalwarmu suke da wata matsala, wanda ke haifar da bugun farfadiya akai-akai (seizures). Yi tunanin kwayoyin kwakwalwarmu kamar kananan kwararan fitila ne na lantarki. Suna haɗuwa da juna kuma suna aiki bisa ga wani takamaiman tsarin lantarki. Sai dai a cikin kwakwalwar mutumin da ke da farfadiya, wannan tsarin lantarki yana rikice farat daya, yana samar da wutar lantarki mara iko kamar guguwar tsawa. A daidai wannan lokacin ne bugun farfadiya yake faruwa. A sakamakon haka, za a iya samun canje-canje a cikin hankalinka, sarrafa tsokoki (kamar rawar hannu ko kafa), hankula, ji da kuma hali. Wannan kuma ana kiransa seizure disorder (matsalar bugun farfadiya).

Wane ne zai iya kamuwa da farfadiya?

A gaskiya, kowa, a kowane shekaru, ba tare da la'akari da jinsi ko kabila ba, zai iya kamuwa da farfadiya. Saboda haka, yana da wuya mutum ya yi tunanin: "Wannan ba zai taba faruwa da ni ba".

Yaya yawan wannan yanayin yake a duniya?

A cikin Amurka kadai, kimanin mutane miliyan 3.4 suna da farfadiya. Wannan yana nufin kusan manya miliyan 3 da yara 470,000. A duk duniya kuma, kimanin mutane miliyan 65 ne ke fama da wannan yanayin. Wannan yana nufin ba sabon abu ba ne ko kadan.

Me ke faruwa a cikin kwakwalwa yayin bugun farfadiya?

Kwayoyin da ke cikin kwakwalwarmu sune ke aikawa da karbar sakonni ga daukacin jiki. Wadannan sakonni suna tafiya ne kamar wutar lantarki (electrical impulse) daga kwayar halitta guda zuwa wata, kamar a cikin wayoyin wutar lantarki. A cikin farfadiya (Epilepsy), wannan tsari na lantarki mai tsari da daidaito yana rikicewa. Maimakon haka, babban caji na lantarki yana faruwa farat daya tsakanin kwayoyin halitta a cikin yanki daya ko fiye na kwakwalwa, kamar guguwar tsawa ta farat daya. Wannan rudani na lantarki ne ke haifar da suma, canje-change a hankula, canje-change a motsin rai da kuma motsin tsokoki da ba za a iya sarrafawa ba.

Wadanne ne nau'ikan farfadiya (Seizure) da alamominsu?

Likitoci suna rarraba farfadiya ne dangane da yanayin bugun farfadiyar (seizure). Wannan rarraba ya dogara ne akan inda bugun ya fara a kwakwalwa, yadda hankalinka yake yayin bugun, da kuma ko akwai motsin tsokoki ko a'a.

An raba bugun farfadiya zuwa gida biyu na gaba daya:

1. Bugun farfadiya na yanki guda (Focal Onset Seizures)

Wannan nau'in bugun yana farawa ne a wani takamaiman yanki ko hanyar sadarwa ta kwayoyin halitta a gefe guda na kwakwalwa. A baya, ana kiran su da `partial onset seizure` (bugun yanki). Akwai nau'ikan guda biyu:

• Focal onset aware seizure (Bugun yanki da ke da masaniya): Guda daya a cikin wannan bugun, kana da masaniya kuma ka san abin da ke faruwa. A baya, ana kiransa `simple partial seizure`. Alamomin na iya hadawa da:
• Canje-canje a hankula – daban-daban dandano, wari ko jin abubuwa.
• Canje-canje a motsin rai.
• Rawar tsokoki mara iko, yawanci a hannaye ko kafafu.
• Jin kamar kana ganin haske, jiri ko daskarewa.

• Focal onset impaired awareness seizure (Bugun yanki da ke rage masaniya): Yayin wannan bugun, hankalinka yana raguwa ko kuma zai iya bacewa gaba daya. A baya, ana kiransa `complex partial seizure`. Alamomin na iya hadawa da:
• Kallon wuri guda ba tare da motsi ba (blank stare).
• Maimaita wasu ayyuka kamar lumshe ido, tauna baki, goge hannaye ko wasu motsin yatsu da ake maimaitawa.

2. Bugun farfadiya na ko'ina (Generalized Onset Seizures)

Wadannan bugun suna shafar hanyar sadarwa ta kwayoyin halitta a bangarorin kwakwalwa biyu lokaci guda. Akwai manyan nau'ikan guda shida:

• Absence seizures (Bugun farfadiya na shiga damuwa/daskarewa): Wannan yana faruwa ne ta hanyar daskarewa farat daya ba tare da wani motsi ba, wato rasa hankali na dan lokaci. Wani lokaci yana iya kasancewa tare da kananan motsin tsokoki kamar lumshe ido, tauna baki ko kananan motsin hannu. Wadannan bugun sun fi faruwa a tsakanin yara kuma suna daukar tsegumi na wasu dakikoki kadan (yawanci kasa da dakikoki 10). Yawancin lokaci ana iya kuskure shi da yin mafarkin rana. A baya ana kiransa `petit mal seizures`.

• Atonic seizures (Bugun farfadiya na kwantawa): `Atonic` yana nufin "ba tare da karfin tsoka ba". Wannan yana nufin lokacin da wannan bugun ya fara, kana rasa ikon tsokoki ko kuma suna yin rauni. Gashin ido, kai ko wasu sassa na iya yin kasa, ko ka faduwa kasa farat daya. Wannan ma gajeren bugu ne (yawanci kasa da dakikoki 15). Ana kiran wadannan kuma da "drop seizure" ko "drop attack".

• Tonic seizures (Bugun farfadiya na daskarewa): `Tonic` yana nufin "tare da karfin tsoka". A cikin wannan yanayin, tsokoki suna daskarewa farat daya. Hannaye, kafafu, baya ko daukacin jiki na iya daskarewa, kuma zaka iya faduwa. Yayin wannan gajeren bugun (yawanci kasa da dakikoki 20), kana iya kasancewa da hankalinka ko kuma a sami dan canji a hankalinka.

• Clonic seizures (Bugun farfadiya na karkata): `Clonus` yana nufin matsewa da saki na tsokoki akai-akai da sauri ("jerking"). Yayin wannan bugun, tsokoki suna ci gaba da karkata dari wasu dakikoki zuwa kusan minti daya, ko kuma tsokoki su daskare sannan su fara karkata na tsawon wasu dakikoki zuwa minti biyu.

• Tonic-clonic seizures (Bugun farfadiya na daskarewa da karkata): Wannan shi ne nau'in da mutane da yawa suke tunawa idan suka ji kalmar "farfadiya". A cikin wannan yanayin, daskarewar tsoka (tonic) da karkata akai-akai (clonic) suna faruwa tare. Likitoci suna kiran wannan kuma da `convulsion` (karkatar jiki), kuma a baya ana kiransa da `grand mal seizure`. Yayin wannan ana rasa hankali, ana faduwa kasa, sannan tsokoki suna daskarewa da karkata na tsawon minti 1 zuwa 5. Haka kuma ana iya cizon harshe, kumfa ta fito daga baki, ko kuma fitsari ko bayan gida su fito ba tare da iko ba.

Yi tunanin abokinka, Musa, farat daya ya yi kururuwa kuma ya fadi kasa. Bayan haka, daukacin jikinsa ya daskare, sannan hannayensa da kafafunsa suka fara karkata da sauri. Kumfa tana fita daga bakinsa, kuma watakila lokacin da hankalinsa ya dawo, ya lura cewa ya yi fitsari a jikinsa ba tare da ya sani ba. Wannan shi ne ainihin yanayin bugun farfadiya na tonic-clonic.

• Myoclonic seizures (Bugun farfadiya na rawar tsoka): A cikin wannan yanayin, ana samun saurin karkata ko girgizar tsokoki farat daya, kamar an yi maka wutar lantarki ("myo" yana nufin tsoka, yayin da "clonus" karkatar tsoka). Wadannan yawanci suna daukar dakikoki kadan ne kawai.

Yayin da likitanka ke kara bincikar yanayinka daki-daki, za a iya rarraba nau'in bugun farfadiyarka a matsayin bugun focal ko generalized.

Shin akwai abubuwan da ke tayar da farfadiya (Seizure Triggers)?

Ee, akwai wasu abubuwa da ke faruwa kafin fara bugun farfadiya ko kuma su taimaka wajen tayar da shi. Wadannan muna kiran su da seizure triggers (abubuwan tayar da bugun farfadiya).

Abubuwan da aka fi bayar da rahotonsu sun hada da:

• Damuwar hankali (Stress).
• Matsalolin barci – kamar rashin barci, rashin isasshen barci, yawan gajiya, katsewar barci, ko matsalolin barci kamar `(Sleep apnea)`
• Shan giya, daina shan giya, ko amfani da miyagun kwayoyi.
• Canje-canjen hormones, musamman wadanda ke da alaka da jinin al'ada ga mata.
• Rashin lafiya da zazzabi.
• Haske mai haskawa ko wasu zane-zane na gani (Flashing lights or patterns).
• Rashin cin abinci mai kyau da daidaituwa, rashin isasshen ruwa; karancin bitamin da ma'adanai, tsallake abinci.
• Yawan gajiya ta jiki.
• Wasu nau'ikan abinci (caffeine abu ne da aka saba samu).
• Rashin ruwa a jiki (Dehydration).
• Wasu takamaiman lokuta na rana ko na dare.
• Amfani da wasu nau'ikan magunguna. Sinadarin `(Diphenhydramine)` da ake samu a wasu magungunan mura, allergies da na barci an bayar da rahoton cewa yana tayar da farfadiya.
• Tsallake lokacin shan magungunan farfadiya.

Yaya zan gano abubuwan da ke tayar da farfadiya ta?

Wasu mutane suna lura cewa bugun farfadiyarsu yana faruwa ne a wani takamaiman lokaci na rana, ko kuma yana da alaka da wani abu. Kana iya ajiye littafin rubutun farfadiya (seizure diary). A ciki ka rubuta lokacin da bugun ya faru, abubuwan da suka faru a wannan lokacin, da kuma yadda kaji jikinka. Idan kana zargin wani abu yana tayar da shi, bincika don tabbatarwa. Misali, idan kana tunanin caffeine yana tayar da shi, lura ko kana samun bugun a duk lokacin da ka sha abin sha mai caffeine, ko lokacin da ka sha wani adadi "x", ko kuma idan hakan yana faruwa idan ka sha caffeine a wani takamaiman lokaci na rana. Wani lokaci, bayan lura da kyau, zai iya zama ba shi ne ke tayarwa ba.

Wadanne ne alamomin bugun farfadiya?

Babban alamar farfadiya (Epilepsy) ita ce samun bugun farfadiya akai-akai (seizures). Sai dai, alamomin sun bambanta dangane da nau'ikan bugun da kake samu.

Alamomin gaba daya da za a iya lura da su:

• Rasa hankali na dan lokaci ko raguwar hankali.
• Motsin tsokoki mara iko, karkatar jiki, ko rasa karfin tsokoki.
• Kallon wuri guda ba tare da motsi ba.
• Rudani na dan lokaci, jinkirin tunani, wahalar magana da fahimta.
• Canje-canje a hankula kamar ji, gani, dandano, wari, daskarewa ko kaikayi.
• Matsalar magana ko fahimtar abin da ake fada.
• Rashin jin dadi a ciki, jin zafi ko sanyi a jiki, ko gashin jiki ya tashi.
• Motsi kamar tauna baki, lumshe ido, goge hannaye ko wasu motsin yatsu.
• Alamomin kwakwalwa kamar tsoro, firgici, damuwa ko Deja vu (jin kamar wannan abin ya taba faruwa a baya).
• Karuwar bugun zuciya da/ko saurin numfashi.

Yawancin mutanen da ke da farfadiya yawanci suna samun nau'ikan bugu guda daya a kowane lokaci, don haka alamomin suna da kamanceceniya a duk lokacin da aka samu bugun.

Menene dalilan farfadiya (Epilepsy)?

A mafi yawancin lokuta (kimanin kashi 70% na lokuta), dalilin farfadiya har yanzu ba a sani ba. Daga cikin dalilan da aka sani akwai:

• Dalilai na gado (Genetics): Wasu nau'ikan farfadiya (misali, `(juvenile myoclonic epilepsy)`, `(childhood absence epilepsy)`) ana iya gadonsu a cikin iyali. Masu bincike sun yi imanin cewa koda wasu kwayoyin halitta suna da alaka, kawai suna kara hadarin kamuwa ne, yayin da wasu dalilan su ma ke tasiri.
• Mesial temporal sclerosis: Wannan rauni ne a cikin temporal lobe na kwakwalwa. Wannan zai iya haifar da bugun yanki (`focal seizures`).
• Raunin kai (Head injuries): Ana iya samun wannan daga hatsarin mota, faduwa ko kuma duk wani bugun kai.
• Ciwon kwakwalwa (Brain infections): Misali `(brain abscess)`, `(meningitis)`, `(encephalitis)` da `(neurocysticercosis)`.
• Matsalolin garkuwar jiki (Immune disorders): Farfadiya na iya faruwa lokacin da garkuwar jikinka ta kai hari ga kwayoyin halittar kwakwalwarka (`(autoimmune diseases)` - cututtukan garkuwar jiki).
• Matsalolin ci gaba (Developmental disorders): Matsalolin da ke shafar kwakwalwa tun lokacin haihuwa galibi sune dalilin farfadiya, musamman ga mutanen da magunguna ba su iya sarrafa farfadiyarsu ba. Misali: `(focal cortical dysplasia)`, `(polymicrogyria)`, `(tuberous sclerosis)`.
• Matsalolin narkar da abinci (Metabolic disorders): Mutanen da ke da matsala wajen samar da makamashi a jiki (`metabolic condition`) na iya kamuwa da farfadiya.
• Cututtukan kwakwalwa da matsalolin hanyoyin jini: Ciwukan kwakwalwa `(brain tumors)`, bugun jini `(strokes)`, hauka `(dementia)` da matsalolin hanyoyin jini kamar malformations na arteriovenoze `(arteriovenous malformations)` na iya haifar da farfadiya.

Yaya ake gano wannan ciwon?

A fasahance, idan ka samu bugun farfadiya guda biyu ko fiye da ba a san takamaiman dalilinsu ba (misali, daina shan giya, raguwar sukarin jiki), ana daukar cewa kana da farfadiya (Epilepsy). Kafin a gano ciwon, likitanka (ko kuma likitan kwakwalwa wanda ya kware a kan farfadiya) zai yi maka gwajin jiki, ya tambayi tarihin lafiyarka sannan ya nemi gwajin jini (don ware sauran dalilai). Zai tambaye ka game da alamomin lokacin bugun sannan ya yi sauran gwaje-gwaje.

Likitan na iya tambayarka ko kuma wani na cikin gida wanda ya ga bugun idan wadannan abubuwan sun faru yayin bugun:

• Shin an samu karkatar tsokoki?
• Shin tsokoki sun daskare?
• Shin an samu fitar fitsari ko bayan gida ba tare da iko ba?
• Shin an samu canji a numfashi?
• Shin jikinka ya zama fari/kodadde?
• Shin ka daskare kana kallon yanki guda?
• Shin ka suma?
• Shin yana da wuya ka yi magana ko fahimtar abin da ake fada?

Wadanne ne gwaje-gwajen da ake yi don gano wannan ciwon?

• EEG (Electroencephalography): Wannan yana auna wutar lantarki ta kwakwalwarka. Wasu tsare-tsare na lantarki marasa kyau suna da alaka da bugun farfadiya.
• Gwajin hoton kwakwalwa (Brain scans): Gwaje-gwaje kamar MRI `(Magnetic Resonance Imaging – MRI)` ana yin su ne don ganin ko akwai ciwon kwakwalwa, cututtuka ko matsalolin hanyoyin jini.

Wadanne ne magunguna ne ake amfani da su don farfadiya?

Don sarrafa farfadiya, ana amfani da magungunan hana bugun farfadiya (anti-seizure medications), tsarin abinci na musamman (yawanci tare da magunguna) da kuma tiyata.

Magungunan hana bugun farfadiya (Anti-seizure medications)

Wadannan magunguna na iya sarrafa farfadiya ga kashi 60% zuwa 70% na mutanen da ke da ita. Wannan magani ya bambanta ga kowane mutum. Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (`FDA`) ta amince da nau'ikan magunguna sama da 20 don magance farfadiya. Likitanka na iya gwada magunguna daban-daban har sai ya sami wanda ya fi dacewa, adadin da ya kamata, ko kuma hadin magungunan da ya dace da kai.

Lokacin zabar magani, ana la'akari da wadannan abubuwa:

• Nau'in bugun farfadiya.
• Yadda ka amsa magungunan da ka sha a baya.
• Sauran cututtukan da kake da su.
• Yiwuwar haduwar maganin da sauran magungunan da kake sha.
• Illolin maganin farfadiya (idan akwai).
• Shekarunka.
• Gaba daya yanayin lafiyarka.
• Kudinsa.

Muhimmi: Da yake wasu magungunan farfadiya na iya zama cutarwa ga jariri lokacin ciki, idan kana da juna biyu ko kana shirin samun juna biyu, tabbatar da sanar da likitanka.

Idan magungunan farfadiya ba su iya sarrafa bugun ba, likitanka zai tattauna sauran zabin magani. Wadannan sun hada da tsarin abinci na musamman, na'urorin lafiya ko tiyata.

Tsarin abinci (Diet therapy)

Ketogenic diet da kuma modified Atkins diet – wadanda sune tsarin abinci masu yawan kitse, matsakaicin protein da karancin carbohydrates – ana ba da shawararsu ga wasu mutanen da ke da farfadiya. Ana ba da shawarar wadannan musamman ga yaran da magunguna ba su yi musu aiki ba kuma ba su dace da tiyata ba. Abinci mai karancin glycemic index (Low glycemic index) kuma zai iya taimakawa wajen rage farfadiya ga wasu mutane.

Tiyata da na'urori (Surgery and devices)

Idan magunguna ba su iya sarrafa bugun ba kuma yana da tsanani, likita zai yi la'akari da tiyata. Idan bugun bai ragu ba ko bayan amfani da nau'ikan magunguna sama da guda biyu, tiyatar farfadiya (Epilepsy surgery) na iya zama mafita mai aminci da inganci. Idan magunguna ba su yi aiki ba, yana da matukar muhimmanci a duba ka a cibiyar farfadiya (epilepsy center) don ganin ko ka dace da tiyata.

Hanyoyin tiyata sun hada da cire lalatattun kwayoyin halitta (surgical resection), yanke hanyoyin sadarwa a kwakwalwa (disconnection), tiyatar radiation (stereotactic radiosurgery) ko kuma sanya na'urorin da ke auna wutar lantarki (neuromodulation devices). Wadannan na'urori suna aika sakonnin lantarki zuwa kwakwalwa kuma suna rage bugun farfadiya bayan wani lokaci.

Shin za a iya rigakafin farfadiya (Epilepsy)?

Kodayake dalilai da yawa na farfadiya ba su karkashin ikonmu kuma ba za a iya hana su ba, zaka iya rage hadarin wasu yanayi da ka iya haifar da farfadiya:

• Rage hadarin raunin kai (traumatic brain injury): A kowane lokaci ka sanya bel din tsaro lokacin tuka mota, tuka mota cikin hankali; sanya kwalkwali lokacin hawa keke; cire abubuwan da ba a bukata da wayoyi kutoka kasa a gida don hana faduwa; guji hawa dogayen tsani.
• Rage hadarin bugun jini (stroke): Cin abinci mai kyau (misali, abincin da aka saba ci a yankin Mediterranean – Mediterranean diet), kiyaye nauyin jiki mai kyau da yin motsa jiki akai-akai.
• Nemi magani don magance shaye-shaye. Giya da sauran kayan maye na iya lalata kwakwalwarka, wanda hakan ka iya haifar da farfadiya.

Shin akwai warkewa ta gaba daya (cure) ga farfadiya?

A'a, a halin yanzu babu maganin da ke warkar da farfadiya gaba daya. Sai dai akwai hanyoyi da yawa da ake amfani da su don sarrafa ta.

Shin zan ci gaba da samun farfadiya har abada?

Tare da ingantaccen magani, bugun farfadiya yana bacewa a cikin 'yan shekaru ga kusan kashi 70% na mutane. Kashi 30% na ragowar kuma ana daukarsu suna da farfadiya mai taurin magani (drug-resistant epilepsy). Wadannan mutane suna bukatar su ziyarci cibiyar farfadiya don ganin ko sun dace da tiyatar farfadiya.

Har tsawon wani lokaci zan sha magungunan farfadiya?

Wannan ya dogara da nau'in farfadiya da kake da ita da kuma yadda kake amsa magunguna. Wasu mutanen da ba su sami bugu ba na tsawon wasu shekaru na iya daina shan magungunan. Wannan shawarar ta likitanka ce kawai. Lokacin yanke wannan shawarar, zai yi la'akari da abubuwa da yawa kama rashin rauni a kwakwalwarka akan MRI, sakamakon EEG da tarihin lafiyarka. Wasu mutanen kuma na iya bukatar su sha magani a duk tsawon rayuwarsu.

Yaushe ne ya kamata in ga likita? Yaushe ne ya kamata in tafi sashen gaggawa?

Idan ba ka taba samun bugun farfadiya ba a baya kama kana tunanin yanzu ka samu daya – ko kuma idan mutanen da ke kusa da kai suka ce ka daskare na dan lokaci (`zoned out`) ko kuma ka suma – ziyarci likitanka na iyali. Zai iya tura ka ga likitan kwakwalwa (`neurologist`) don ci gaba da gwaje-gwaje.

Gaggawa! Idan ka sami bugun farfadiya wanda ya wuce minti biyar, ko kuma idan ka sami bugu da yawa a jere ba tare da ka dawo cikin hayacinka ba a tsakaninsu, kira lambar 112 nan take (ko kuma ka gaya wa wani na kusa da kai ya kira lambar gaggawa). A Nijeriya, lambar gaggawa ta gwamnati ita ce 112.

Yaya zan iya kula da farfadiya ta?

Wadannan abubuwa zasu taimaka maka wajen kula da farfadiya ta:

• Sha magungunanka akai-akai kuma a kan lokaci kamar yadda likitanka ya umarce ka. Idan ka manta lokacin sha, kira likitanka nan take.
• Sami isasshen barci (yawanci tsakanin sa'o'i bakwai zuwa tara a dare).
• Kula da damuwar hankali. Damuwa tana fitar da wasu sinadarai a cikin kwakwalwa wadanda zasu iya tayar da farfadiya cikin sauki. Don rage damuwa, gwada yoga, tunani, numfashi mai zurfi, `(biofeedback)` ko sauran hanyoyin shakatawa.
• Yi motsa jiki akai-akai (kusan minti 30 a rana, kwana biyar a mako).
• Guji yawan shan giya.
• Sanar da kowane likita da ke duba ka cewa kana da farfadiya. Idan wani likita daban ya rubuta maka magani don wani ciwo, tambayi likitan da ke kula da farfadiya taka. Wasu magunguna kamar na damuwa (`antidepressants`), na asma/allergy (`antihistamines`) da kuma stimulants na iya yin tasiri a kan ingancin magungunanka na farfadiya ko kuma su haifar da wasu illolin.
• Kowane lokaci ka sanar da likitanka na farfadiya game da duk wani abu da kake sha – magunguna ba tare da izini ba, bitamin, abubuwan gina jiki ko magungunan gargajiya.
• Gano abubuwan da ke tayar da farfadiyarka sannan ka guje musu.
• Cin abinci mai kyau.

Idan ina da farfadiya, zan iya tuka mota?

A Nijeriya, yayin neman ko sabunta lasisin tuka mota ana bukatar rahoton lafiya. Idan kana da wani yanayi kamar farfadiya, dole ne ka sanar da likita. Tambayi likitanka ko zaka iya tuka mota. Yawanci, ba a ba da shawarar tuka mota ba har sai bugun farfadiyarka ya kasance a karkashin iko gaba daya.

Wadanne ne matsalolin farfadiya da ka iya yin barazana ga rayuwa?

Bugun farfadiya na iya haifar da rauni mai tsanani a jiki. Bayan haka, yanayi mai barazana ga rayuwa da ke da alaka da farfadiya sune Status epilepticus da kuma Sudden Unexplained Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP).

Status epilepticus

Wannan yana nufin bugun farfadiya da ke daukar lokaci mai tsawo (daga minti 5 zuwa 30), ko kuma jerin bugu da yawa a jere ba tare da lokacin murmurewa a tsakaninsu ba. Wannan ana daukarsa a matsayin yanayin gaggawa na lafiya.

A asibiti, ana iya yin wadannan ayyuka na gaggawa:

• Bayar da magunguna, iskar oxygen da ruwa ta hanyar jijiya (intravenous).
• Bayar da maganin kashe zafi ko sanya mara lafiya barcin likita don dakatar da bugun.
• Gwajin `EEG` don ganin yadda mara lafiya ke karbar magani.
• Gwaje-gwaje don gano dalilin bugun.

Sudden Unexplained Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP)

`SUDEP` wani yanayi ne mai wuyar gaske inda matashi ko matsakaicin shekaru mai farfadiya, wanda kuma yana da koshin lafiya, ya mutu ba tare da wani takamaiman dalili ba. Yawanci wannan mutuwa tana faruwa ne da dare ko yayin barci, ba tare da kowa ya sani ba. Masu bincike suna tunanin dalilan da ka iya haifar da hakan sune:

• Rashin daidaiton bugun zuciya: Bugun farfadiya na iya haifar da matsala mai tsanani ta bugun zuciya ko tsayawar zuciya `(cardiac arrest)`.
• Matsalar numfashi: Idan numfashi ya tsaya (misali, saboda `sleep apnea`), karancin oxygen ga zuciya da kwakwalwa yana da barazana ga rayuwa. Haka kuma, wani lokacin yayin karkatar jiki ta farfadiya `(convulsive seizure)`, hanyoyin numfashi na iya toshewa, wanda ke kaiwa ga shakewa.
• Shaƙar amai: Idan mara lafiya ya shaki amai yayin ko bayan bugun, hanyoyin numfashi na iya toshewa.
• Lalacewar ayyukan kwakwalwa: Bugun farfadiya na iya katse ayyukan kwakwalwa wadanda ke kula da numfashi da bugun zuciya.

Kusan mutum 1 a cikin 1000 masu farfadiya ne ke mutuwa kutoka `SUDEP` a kowace shekara. Wannan shi ne babban dalilin mutuwa ga wadanda ke da bugun farfadiya da ba a iya sarrafa shi ba. Don rage hadarin `SUDEP`, gano abubuwan da ke tayar da farfadiyarka sannan ka guje musu, sha magungunanka daidai kama yadda likitanka ya umarce ka sannan ka bi shawarwarin lafiya na gaba daya (barci mai kyau, motsa jiki, abinci mai kyau, guje wa shan taba, barasa ko sauran miyagun kwayoyi).

Menene bambanci tsakanin "convulsion", "seizure" da "epilepsy"?

• Convulsion (Karkatar Jiki): Wannan ya hada da matsewa da sakin tsokoki mara iko da kuma canjin hankali. Sai dai mutane da yawa suna amfani da kalmomin "convulsion" da "seizure" (bugun farfadiya) a matsayin ma'anar juna. Haka kuma, ana yawan amfani da kalmar "convulsion" don bayyana bugun farfadiya na tonic-clonic (`tonic-clonic seizure`).
• Seizure (Bugun Farfadiya): Wadannan suna faruwa ne saboda wutar lantarki da ke fita ba daidai ba daga kwayoyin halittar kwakwalwarka. Kana iya samun bugun farfadiya koda ba ka nuna wata alama ta waje ba. Likitoci suna kiran wannan da `EEG seizure` (wanda za a iya gani ta gwajin EEG). Mafi yawancin lokuta, bugun farfadiya yana nuna alamomi daban-daban da aka ambata a sama. Bugun farfadiya yana daya daga cikin alamomin farfadiya (Epilepsy), amma ba kowane bugu ne ke faruwa saboda farfadiya ba.
• Epilepsy (Farfadiya): Wannan wata cuta ce ta hanyoyin sadarwa na jiki (nervous system). Ana siffanta ta da samun bugun farfadiya akai-akai da kuma ci gaba (seizures). Farfadiya na iya zama yanayin da ke daukar tsawon rayuwa.

Daga karshe, ka tuna wadannan shawarwari!

Farfadiya (Epilepsy) ba sabon abu ba ne ko na daban kama yadda wasu ke tunani. Mutane da yawa a duk duniya suna rayuwa tare da wannan yanayin. Babban abin farin ciki shi ne cewa za a iya sarrafa ta.

Tuna cewa ba kai kadai ba ne. Tare da ingantaccen maganin lafiya, kyawawan canje-canje na rayuwa da kuma taimakon masoyanka, zaka iya gudanar da rayuwarka cikin nasara tare da wannan ciwon.

• Idan kai ko wani da ka sani yana da farfadiya, ku bi shawarwarin likita da suka dace.
• Sha magungunanka a daidai lokacin da aka tsara.
• Gano abubuwan da ke tayar da farfadiyarka sannan ka guje musu.
• Yi kokarin samun barci mai kyau, cin abinci mai kyau da rayuwa cikin kwanciyar hankali ba tare da yawan damuwa ba.
• Kada ka taba yanke kauna. Tare da ci gaban fasaha da kimiyyar lafiya, sabbin hanyoyin magani suna fitowa akai-akai.

Idan kana da wasu tambayoyi game da wannan batu, tattauna da likitanka ba tare da jinkiri ba. Kullum a shirye suke su taimake ka!

---

` farfadiya, bugun farfadiya, cututtukan kwakwalwa, cututtukan jijiyoyi, bugu, magani