Shin jijiyoyin jini a cikin makogwaronku, bututun da ke ɗauke da abinci daga bakinku zuwa cikinku, sun kumbura sun kuma girma? Wataƙila ba ku ma ji labarin wannan ba. Amma wannan yanayin, wanda ake kira Esophageal Varices, na iya yin shiru kuma ba zato ba tsammani ya zama mai haɗari. Don haka a yau, bari mu koyi komai game da shi cikin sauƙi, kamar muna magana da aboki.
A taƙaice dai, menene cututtukan esophagus?
Ka yi tunanin, wani lokacin ƙafafunmu suna da jijiyoyin da suka kumbura, suka karkace? Muna kiransu da 'jijiyoyin varicose'. Haka abin yake faruwa a cikin hanjinmu. Bango na waɗannan jijiyoyin suna da rauni sosai. Don haka akwai babban yuwuwar jini zai fito daga cikinsu, ko kuma ya fashe ya zubar da jini ba zato ba tsammani. Wannan zubar jini a cikin jiki na iya zama kwatsam, mai tsanani, har ma da barazana ga rayuwa.
Wannan yanayin yawanci yana faruwa ne sakamakon ƙaruwar matsin lamba a cikin babban jijiyoyin jini da ke ratsa hanta da sauran jijiyoyin da ke da alaƙa da shi (Portal Hypertension). Wannan matsin lamba mara kyau yana sa ƙananan jijiyoyin jini a cikin hanta su kumbura su yi girma. Wannan yanayin galibi ana ganinsa ne a cikin mutanen da ke fama da cutar hanta.
Yaya wannan lamari yake da tsanani?
Babban haɗarin thrombosis na jijiyoyin portal shine zubar jini . Ba kowa ne ke zubar jini ba, amma kusan kashi 50% na mutane suna cikin haɗari. Mafi girman hawan jini na portal, mafi girman haɗarin zubar jini. Wannan matsin lamba yana ƙaruwa tare da cututtukan hanta, musamman cirrhosis .
Mutane masu fama da ciwon hanta mai tsanani na iya samun wasu matsaloli baya ga kumburin waɗannan jijiyoyin. Duk da haka, babban dalilin da ke sa a kwantar da su a asibiti da mutuwa shine fashewar waɗannan jijiyoyin da zubar jini. Idan aka zubar da jini sau ɗaya ta wannan hanyar, haɗarin mutuwa shine kusan kashi 20%. Haka kuma, zubar jinin na iya sake faruwa akai-akai.
Mene ne alamun wannan yanayin?
Domin waɗannan jijiyoyin suna cikin jiki, ba a ganinsu kamar jijiyar da ke cikin ƙafa. Ba za ka ma ji su ba idan ka haɗiye abinci. A gaskiya ma, ba za su nuna wata alama ba har sai sun fara zubar jini .
Duk da haka, idan likita ya ga wasu alamu da ke nuna cewa kana da cutar hanta ko hawan jini a portal, suna iya zargin hakan.
| Nau'in alamar | Bayani |
|---|---|
| Alamomin da ke nuna cutar hanta | |
| Ciwon daji | Fata da idanunki suna yin rawaya. |
| Ascites | Kumburin ciki saboda tarin ruwa a cikin ciki (ciki). |
| Edema | Kumburin ƙafafu da ƙafafu. |
| Ciwon ciki na sama | Ciwon da ke faruwa sakamakon kumburin hanta ko saifa. |
| Jin rashin bege | Ciwon hanta (hepatic encephalopathy) yanayi ne da hanta ba ta aiki yadda ya kamata, wanda ke shafar kwakwalwa. |
| Alamomin zubar jini daga jijiya | |
| Amai da jini | Idan jinin ya yi jinkiri, amai na iya kama da garin kofi. Idan jijiyar ta fashe ba zato ba tsammani, za a yi amai da jini mai sabo, ja. |
| Jini a cikin bayan gida | Idan jini ya ratsa ta hanyar narkewar abinci, zai iya sa bayan gida ya zama baƙi, kamar tar (melena). A lokacin da jini ya yi sauri, ana iya zubar da jinin ja mai sabo. |
| Faɗin fata | Wani irin farin haske kamar jini ya zubo daga fuska. |
| Gajiya da jiri | Jin gajiya, rauni, da kuma jiri saboda ƙarancin hawan jini. |
Muhimmi sosai: Idan ka ga alamun girgizar jini sakamakon zubar jini mai yawa, ka je wurin gaggawa na asibiti (ETU) nan take. Waɗannan alamomin sun haɗa da: bugun zuciya mai sauri, numfashi mai sauri, gumi mai sanyi, da kuma rashin sani.
Me yasa waɗannan jijiyoyin suke kumbura? Menene dalilin?
Kamar yadda muka tattauna a baya, babban abin da ke haifar da wannan matsala shi ne wata cuta da ake kira "Portal Hypertension". Bari mu fahimci wannan a taƙaice.
Ka yi tunanin hantarmu a matsayin babban matattara. Jinin da ke fitowa daga abincin da ke cikin ciki yana ratsa hanta, inda ake tsaftace shi sannan ya tafi zuwa zuciya. Babban jijiyar da ke kawo wannan jinin zuwa hanta ana kiranta da "Portal Vein" (jijiyoyin da ke shiga hanta).
To, idan hanta ta yi tabo kuma ta taurare saboda wata cuta kamar cirrhosis , wannan jinin ba zai iya ratsa hanta cikin sauƙi ba. Kamar akwai cunkoson ababen hawa a kan hanya. Wannan yana sa hawan jini a cikin jijiyar portal ya ƙaru sosai.
Jiki yana ƙoƙarin rama wannan ƙaruwar matsin lamba ta hanyar karkatar da jini ta ƙananan jijiyoyin jini (ƙananan jijiyoyin jini). Jijiyoyin da ke cikin mafitsara ƙananan jijiyoyin jini ne kawai. Amma waɗannan ƙananan jijiyoyin ba za su iya jure yawan jini da matsin lamba ba. Sakamakon haka, suna kumbura, suna girma, kuma suna iya fashewa a kowane lokaci.
Babban abubuwan da ke haifar da cirrhosis na hanta sune:
- Shan barasa fiye da kima.
- Hanta mai kitse (Steatohepatitis mara barasa).
- Cututtukan hepatitis na kwayar cuta na dogon lokaci.
- Tsarin garkuwar jiki yana kai hari ga hanta (Autoimmune Hepatitis).
- Sauran abubuwan da ke haifar da haka kamar toshewar jini, kamuwa da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta (Schistosomiasis) da sauransu.
Ta yaya za ka san ko kana da wannan yanayin?
A mafi yawan lokuta, za ka gano hakan ne kawai bayan likita ya duba ka. Idan ka riga ka kamu da cutar cirrhosis na hanta, likitanka zai ba da shawarar a duba wannan nau'in kumburin jijiyar.
Babban gwajin shine gwajin Upper Endoscopy ko EGD .
Wannan ya ƙunshi saka siririn bututu mai sassauƙa tare da kyamara a bakinka sannan ka duba makogwaronka, cikinka, da kuma farkon ƙaramin hanjinka. Wannan yana bawa likitanka damar gani sarai ko jijiyoyinka sun kumbura, girmansu, da kuma ko suna cikin haɗarin zubar jini.
Menene hanyoyin magance wannan?
Abin farin ciki, akwai magunguna daban-daban da ake da su don magance zubar jini da kuma hana sake zubar jini. Manyan manufofin magani sune:
- Kula da zubar jini idan akwai.
- Hana zubar jini a nan gaba.
- Idan zai yiwu, a rage yanayin `(Portal Hypertension)`.
1. Kula da zubar jini (gaggawa)
Wannan gaggawa ce ta lafiya. A asibiti, za a ba ku ruwan IV, a yi muku ƙarin jini idan ya cancanta, sannan a yi muku gwajin endoscopy bayan yanayin lafiyarku ya daidaita. A can:
- Rigakafin Varicose Band: Ana wuce ƙaramin kayan aiki ta cikin endoscope sannan a sanya ƙaramin roba a kusa da jijiyoyin varicose. Wannan yana dakatar da kwararar jini zuwa jijiyar kuma yana sarrafa zubar jini.
- Magunguna: Ana ba da magungunan da ke rage hawan jini da kuma takura jijiyoyin jini (Octreotide, Vasopressin) ta hanyar jijiya.
2. Hana sake zubar jini
Ko akwai zubar jini ko babu, idan akwai haɗarin zubar jini, likita zai fara maganin rigakafi.
- Beta-blockers: Wannan nau'in magani, wanda aka bayar don hawan jini, zai iya rage haɗarin zubar jini da kusan kashi 50%.
- Lakabin Band: Ana kuma amfani da wannan hanyar a matsayin hanyar kariya ga wasu mutane.
3. Magance matsalar da ke haifar da hakan
Idan magungunan da ke sama ba su rage haɗarin zubar jini ba, likitanka zai iya ba da shawarar wasu hanyoyi don rage yanayin "Hawan Jini na Portal."
- Transjugular Intrahepatic Portal-systemic Shunt (TIPS): Wannan ba aikin tiyata ba ne. A cikin wannan aikin, ana saka ƙaramin bututu (stent) a cikin jijiyar da ke cikin hanta wadda ke ɗauke da jini daga jijiyar portal, yana ƙirƙirar sabuwar haɗi, ko "shortcut." Wannan yana rage matsin lamba sosai.
- Tiyata: Hanyoyin tiyata kamar "Distal Splenorenal Shunt (DSRS)" suma suna rage matsin lamba ta hanyar karkatar da kwararar jini.
Kada ku manta: Abu mafi mahimmanci shine a magance matsalar lalacewar hanta. Barin barasa, rage kiba, da kuma magance cututtuka kamar hepatitis C na iya taimakawa wajen rage lalacewar hanta da kuma hana cutar ta kara muni.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Ciwon esophagus wata matsala ce mai tsanani wadda ba ta haifar da wata alama ba har sai an sami zubar jini.
- Babban abin da ke haifar da wannan shine hauhawar jini ta hanyar portal hypertension wanda cututtukan hanta ke haifarwa, musamman cirrhosis.
- Idan kana da cutar hanta, yana da matukar muhimmanci ka yi magana da likitanka kuma ka yi gwajin cutar akai-akai.
- Idan ka lura da alamun kamar amai da jini ko kuma yin bahaya baƙi, to gaggawa ce. Ka je Sashen Gaggawa na Asibiti (ETU) nan da nan.
- Sauye-sauyen salon rayuwa, kamar daina shan barasa da kuma kula da salon rayuwa mai kyau, suna taimakawa sosai wajen kula da lafiyar hanta da kuma hana wannan yanayin ya ta'azzara.
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