Shin ƙaramin yaronka ya sami ƙaramin ƙulli a wani wuri a jikinsa? Ko kuma kurajen fata ko ƙaiƙayi da ba zai warke ba? Wani lokaci waɗannan al'ada ce, amma ba kasafai suke zama alamun wata cuta mai wuya da ake kira Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) ba. Abu ne na al'ada a ji tsoro idan aka ji wannan sunan, domin ba wani abu ne da muka saba ji ba. Amma kada ku damu, bari mu yi magana a kai a taƙaice.
A taƙaice, menene LCH?
Ka yi tunanin jikinmu a matsayin babbar ƙasa. Akwai rundunar sojoji don kare wannan ƙasa, kuma wannan ita ce tsarin garkuwar jikinmu. Wani nau'in soja na musamman a cikin wannan rundunar ana kiransa ƙwayoyin Langerhans . Waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta nau'in ƙwayoyin jinin fari ne. Babban aikinsu shine yaƙi da ƙwayoyin cuta da cututtuka da ke shiga jikinmu da kuma kare mu daga cututtuka. Ana samun waɗannan sojoji a ko'ina cikin jikinmu, musamman a cikin fata, huhu, ƙwayoyin lymph, ƙashi, saifa, da hanta.
Amma a yanayin LCH, waɗannan ƙwayoyin Langerhans suna ƙaruwa ba tare da wani tsari ba kuma suna taruwa a sassa daban-daban na jiki. Kamar garken sojoji ne kawai ke tsaye a wuri ɗaya ba tare da faɗa ba. Idan suka taru haka, sai su fara lalata kyallen jiki masu lafiya a waɗannan wurare. Raunuka suna tasowa a waɗannan wurare.
Labari mai daɗi game da wannan yanayin shine yawancin yara za su iya murmurewa gaba ɗaya daga cutar idan aka yi musu magani mai kyau. Wani lokaci, musamman idan yana shafar fata kawai, yana iya ɓacewa da kansa ba tare da wani magani ba. Duk da haka, idan waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta suka shafi muhimman gabobin jiki kamar ƙashi, saifa ko hanta, ana iya buƙatar ƙarin magani mai tsanani.
Shin ciwon daji na LCH ne?
Wannan tambaya ce da mutane da yawa ke da ita. A gaskiya ma, har yanzu akwai ɗan rashin jituwa tsakanin likitoci game da wannan. Masu bincike da yawa suna ɗaukar LCH a matsayin wata cuta da ta yi kama da ciwon daji, wato, ciwon daji . Wato, ci gaban ƙwayoyin halitta mara kyau. Amma wasu suna tunanin cewa cuta ce mai kumburi a tsarin garkuwar jiki.
Duk da haka, likitocin kanjamau ne ke kula da LCH, waɗanda suka ƙware a fannin cutar kansa da cututtukan jini. Wani lokaci, ana amfani da magungunan hana ciwon daji kamar chemotherapy don magance shi.
Wa ya fi kamuwa da wannan cuta?
Ana samun LCH a jarirai da yara tsakanin shekara 1 zuwa 15. Manya ba kasafai suke samunsa ba, amma ba zai yiwu ba.
A kididdiga, ɗaya ko biyu ne kawai daga cikin kowace jarirai miliyan da aka haifa da wannan cuta kowace shekara. Wannan yana nufin cewa wannan cuta ce da ba kasafai ake samunta ba .
Mene ne alamun LCH?
LCH ba ya shafar kowane yaro ta hanya ɗaya. Yayin da wasu yara na iya shafar yanki ɗaya kawai na jikinsu, wasu kuma na iya shafar sassa da yawa na jikinsu. Saboda haka, alamun sun bambanta dangane da ɓangaren jikin da abin ya shafa. Bari mu duba menene su.
| Sashen jikin da abin ya shafa | Alamomin da za a iya gani |
|---|---|
| Kasusuwa | LCH yana shafar ƙasusuwa a kusan kashi 80% na marasa lafiya. Kumburi ko kumburi na iya bayyana a wurare kamar kwanyar kai, ƙasusuwa a kusa da idanu, a bayan kunnuwa, ƙashin muƙamuƙi, gaɓoɓi, kashin baya, da kwatangwalo. Ciwo na iya kasancewa ko ba ya nan. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya ganin ciwon kai, ciwon wuya/baya, wahalar tafiya, da kuma gurguwa. |
| Fata | Kurajen da aka fi sani shine kurajen fata. Murfin kafa na iya zama yanayin da ba zai warke ba wanda ke bayyana a kan jaririn. Ja, masu ƙyalli na iya bayyana a kan maƙogwaro, hammata, ciki, ƙirji, da baya. Waɗannan na iya yin amai da kuma ƙaiƙayi ko zafi. Farce kuma na iya canza launi ko faɗuwa. |
| Baki | Hakora masu laushi ko marasa laushi, haƙora masu ja, kumbura dattin hakori, raunuka a lebe, harshe, cikin kumatu, ko a saman baki. |
| Hanta ko Kwayar Zubewa | Hanta ko saifa mai girma na iya haifar da kumburin ciki, launin rawaya na idanu da fata (jaundice), kaikayi, gajiya mai tsanani, da kuma sauƙin kumbura ko zubar jini. |
| Maƙogwaro na ƙashi | Rashin jini, faɗuwa, gajiya, da kuma rashin sha'awar abinci saboda raguwar ƙwayoyin jinin ja. Sau da yawa kamuwa da cuta da zazzaɓi saboda raguwar ƙwayoyin jinin fararen fata. Sauƙin kumbura saboda raguwar ƙwayoyin platelets. |
| Tsarin Endocrine (Tsarin Endocrine - Hormones) | Idan glandar pituitary ta kamu da cutar: ƙishirwa mai yawa da yawan yin fitsari akai-akai (ciwon suga insipidus), raguwar girma, farkon balaga ko jinkirin girma, ƙaruwar nauyi. Idan glandar thyroid ta kamu da cutar: kumburin glandar, wahalar numfashi. |
| Kunnuwa | Cututtukan kunne akai-akai, fitar ruwa daga kunne, jajayen kunne, kaikayi a kunne, ciwon kunne, da kuma rashin ji. |
| Idanu | Kumburin idanu, kumburi a saman idanu, rashin gani sosai. |
| Haɗuwa da Lymph | Kumburi da ciwo a cikin ƙuraje (ƙuraje) a wuya, hammata, ko makwancin gwaiwa. |
| Tsarin Jijiyoyi na Tsakiya | Ciwon kai, jiri, amai, wahalar tafiya, rashin daidaito (ataxia), wahalar magana ko gani, farfadiya, canje-canje a hali da ƙwaƙwalwa. |
| Huhu | Wannan abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare a tsakanin manya, musamman masu shan taba. Ciwon ƙirji, tari busasshe, wahalar numfashi, rugujewar huhu (pneumothorax). |
| Hanyar hanji | Ciwon ciki, amai, gudawa, jini a cikin bayan gida, da kuma rashin girman jiki saboda ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki. |
Abu mafi mahimmanci shine cewa waɗannan alamun ana iya ganin su a cikin wasu cututtuka da yawa da aka saba gani. Don haka kada ku ji tsoron LCH kawai saboda kuna da ɗaya ko biyu daga cikin waɗannan alamun. Amma idan waɗannan alamun suka ci gaba, yana da matukar muhimmanci a ga likita a kuma sami ingantaccen ganewar asali.
Mene ne ainihin dalilin LCH?
A taƙaice dai, ƙwayoyin halittarmu suna da kwayoyin halitta da ke gaya musu su "raba yanzu, ku tsaya yanzu." Kimanin rabin yara masu LCH suna da ƙaramin canji, ko maye gurbi, a cikin kwayar halittarsu da ake kira 'BRAF .' Wannan kwayar halittar tana samar da furotin wanda ke sarrafa ci gaban ƙwayoyin halitta. Saboda wannan maye gurbi, wannan furotin ba ya samun umarnin "daina rarrabawa." Kamar dai makullin 'kunna' ya makale. Don haka ƙwayoyin Langerhans suna ci gaba da rarrabuwa da haɗuwa.
Wannan ba wani abu bane da iyaye ke gadawa ga yara. Wannan maye gurbi na kwayoyin halitta yana faruwa bazuwar bayan an ɗauki cikin yaron a cikin mahaifar uwa.
Baya ga kwayar halittar 'BRAF', masu bincike sun gano cewa wannan cuta na iya faruwa ne sakamakon maye gurbi a cikin wasu kwayoyin halitta kamar 'MAP2K1', 'RAS', da 'ARAF'.
Yaya za ka sami wannan, Likita?
Idan ka kai ɗanka wurin likita, zai fara tambayarka game da alamun yaronka. Sannan, za su duba yaronka da kyau. Saboda LCH na iya shafar sassa daban-daban na jiki, ana iya buƙatar gwaje-gwaje da dama don tabbatar da ganewar cutar.
| Nau'in gwaji | Kawai a ce... |
|---|---|
| Gwaje-gwajen Jini | Cikakken ƙidayar jini (CBC) yana auna adadin jajayen ƙwayoyin halitta, fararen ƙwayoyin halitta, da kuma platelets a cikin jini. Ana kuma yin gwajin jini don duba abubuwa kamar aikin hanta. |
| Binciken ƙwayoyin halitta (biopsy) | Wannan ita ce hanya mafi inganci don tabbatar da LCH.Ana ɗaukar ƙaramin yanki na nama daga wani ƙulli ko rauni a ƙarƙashin maganin sa barci sannan a duba shi da na'urar hangen nesa don tabbatar da ko ƙwayoyin LCH suna nan. Idan akwai zargin cewa akwai hannun bargon ƙashi, ana iya yin gwajin biopsy na bargon ƙashi. |
| Gwajin Halittar Halitta | Ana amfani da samfurin nama da aka ɗauka daga biopsy don gwada maye gurbi a cikin kwayar halittar 'BRAF'. |
| Gwaje-gwajen Hoto | Gwaje-gwaje kamar X-ray, CT scans, MRI scans, da PET scans na iya tantance girman tasirin LCH akan gabobin ciki kamar ƙasusuwa, kwakwalwa, da huhu. |
Dangane da sakamakon waɗannan gwaje-gwajen, likitanku zai tura ɗanku zuwa ga likitan jini na yara/likitan kanjamau.
Menene hanyoyin magance LCH?
Ba duk yara masu LCH ke buƙatar irin wannan magani ba. Maganin ya dogara ne da wurin da cutar take da kuma tsananinta.
Likitoci sun rarraba LCH zuwa manyan nau'i biyu:
1. LCH na tsarin guda ɗaya: Cutar tana shafar tsarin gabobi ɗaya kawai a jiki (misali, ƙasusuwa kawai ko fata kawai).
2. LCH mai tsarin jiki da yawa: Cutar tana shafar tsarin gabobi biyu ko fiye na jiki (misali, fata da hanta).
Haka kuma, gabobi kamar hanta, saifa, da ƙashi ana ɗaukarsu a matsayin gabobi masu "haɗari mai yawa", yayin da gabobi kamar fata, ƙashi, da huhu ana ɗaukarsu a matsayin "ƙananan haɗari." Wannan rarrabuwa tana ƙayyade tsarin magani.
Akwai manyan hanyoyin magani da dama:
- Maganin Steroid: Musamman idan fatar jiki ce kawai ta shafa, ana amfani da magungunan steroid kamar prednisone a matsayin ƙwayoyi ko man shafawa.
- Tiyata: Ana yin tiyata kamar curettage don cire ciwon LCH a cikin ƙashi.
- Maganin Kemoterapi: Wannan nau'in magani ne da ake bayarwa don kashe ƙwayoyin cutar kansa. Saboda ƙwayoyin LCH suna rabuwa da sauri, waɗannan magungunan suna hana su girma. Ana iya ba da waɗannan magunguna a matsayin ƙwayoyi, allurai, ko kuma a matsayin man shafawa da ake shafawa a fata.
- Maganin radiation: Yana amfani da hasken rana mai ƙarfi don lalata ƙwayoyin LCH. Wannan yanzu ba kasafai ake amfani da shi ba.
- Maganin da aka yi niyya:Ga yara masu maye gurbin kwayoyin halittar 'BRAF', akwai magunguna (masu hana BRAF) waɗanda ke kai hari ga wannan maye gurbin. Waɗannan ba su da lahani sosai ga ƙwayoyin halitta masu lafiya.
- Maganin rigakafi: Ƙara wa yaron ƙarfin garkuwar jiki don yaƙar ƙwayoyin LCH.
- Dashen ƙwayoyin halitta: Wani zaɓi na magani da ake la'akari da shi a cikin mawuyacin hali wanda ba ya buƙatar wasu jiyya.
Yaya yanayin yake bayan magani?
Hasashen LCH ya dogara ne akan abubuwa da yawa, ciki har da waɗanne sassan jiki ne cutar ta shafa, nisan da ta yaɗu, da kuma yadda take amsawa ga magani.
- Adadin maganin yara masu "ƙarancin haɗari" kawai ga ƙwayoyin cuta (duka tsarin guda ɗaya da tsarin da yawa) kusan kashi 100% . Wannan yana nufin cewa babu haɗarin mutuwa. Duk da haka, akwai haɗarin sake dawowa ko wasu matsaloli na dogon lokaci.
- Yanayin yaran da gaɓoɓinsu masu "haɗari" kamar hanta, saifa, da ƙashi ke shafarsu na iya zama mafi tsanani.
Saboda haka, yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ka yi wa likitanka bincike na tsawon shekaru da yawa, koda bayan an gama magani. Ya kamata a riƙa duba lafiyarka akai-akai don ganin ko za ka sake kamuwa da cutar.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
- Ciwon ƙwayoyin cuta na Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) cuta ce da ba kasafai ake samunta ba sakamakon girman wani nau'in ƙwayoyin garkuwar jiki wanda ba a sarrafa shi ba. Ana samunta ne a cikin yara.
- Duk da cewa ba a rarraba wannan a matsayin ciwon daji ba, likitocin ciwon daji suna magance shi ta amfani da magungunan hana ciwon daji.
- Alamomin (raunukan fata, ƙusoshin ƙashi, kamuwa da cuta akai-akai) sun bambanta sosai dangane da ɓangaren jikin da cutar ta shafa.
- Yin biopsy yana da mahimmanci don gano cutar a zahiri.
- Ga yara da yawa, musamman waɗanda ke cikin rukunin "marasa haɗari", magani zai iya warkar da cutar gaba ɗaya.
- Ko da bayan an gama magani, yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a yi zaman likita na tsawon shekaru da dama domin ganin ko cutar ta sake dawowa.
- Ku tattauna duk wata tambaya ko damuwa da kuke da ita game da yanayin ɗanku a fili tare da likitanku.
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