Shin likitanka ya ce matakin TSH ɗinka ya ɗan yi ƙasa a gwajin jini na baya-bayan nan? Ko kuma kana da wasu alamu masu ban mamaki da wahalar fahimta? Kana iya samun wata cuta da ake kira Subclinical Hyperthyroidism. Kada ka damu, yawanci ba mai tsanani ba ne. Bari mu yi magana game da wannan a sarari kuma a sauƙaƙe.
Menene Subclinical Hyperthyroidism?
A taƙaice dai, "Subclinical Hyperthyroidism" yanayi ne da glandar thyroid ke aiki fiye da yadda aka saba. Amma ba shi da tsanani kamar "overt hyperthyroidism" ba.
Glandar pituitary da ke cikin kwakwalwarmu tana samar da wani hormone mai suna `TSH` (Hormone Mai Ƙarfafa Thyroid). Wannan `TSH` yana gaya wa glandar thyroid da ke wuyanmu ta samar da hormones guda biyu da ake kira thyroxine (`T4` - `thyroxine`) da triiodothyronine (`T3` - `triiodothyronine`). Waɗannan hormones ɗin `T3` da `T4` su ne abin da ke taimakawa metabolism na jikinmu, wato, canza abincin da muke ci zuwa kuzari da kuma amfani da shi ga jikinmu.
A cikin "Subclinical Hyperthyroidism", matakin "TSH" na jininka yana ƙasa, amma matakan "T3" da "T4" naka sun zama na yau da kullun. Wannan yana nufin cewa thyroid yana aiki da yawa, don haka glandar pituitary ta ce, "To, ba na buƙatar "TSH" a yanzu, thyroid dina yana aiki da kyau," kuma yana rage samar da "TSH". Amma hormones na thyroid (`T3`, `T4`) ba su da yawa sosai. Wannan shine abin da "subclinical" ke nufi - wani yanayi na asali wanda ba ya nuna alamun bayyanar cututtuka.
Wannan yanayin na iya zama na ɗan lokaci , ma'ana yana iya samun sauƙi da kansa cikin 'yan kwanaki. Duk da haka, ga wasu mutane yana iya zama na dindindin. Ba kowa ne ke buƙatar magani ba.
Wa zai fi kamuwa da wannan yanayin?
Kowa zai iya kamuwa da cutar "Subclinical Hyperthyroidism", amma waɗannan mutane suna cikin haɗarin ɗan girma:
- Mutane da ke shan maganin maye gurbin hormones na thyroid (misali, levothyroxine) don maganin hypothyroidism. Wani lokaci wannan na iya faruwa idan an ɗan ƙara yawan maganin.
- Ga waɗanda suka haura shekaru 65.
Yaya wannan ciwon ya zama ruwan dare?
Wannan ba abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare a ƙasashe kamar Amurka ba.
Kimanin kashi 0.7% na al'ummar suna da "Subclinical Hyperthyroidism", inda matakan TSH suka kasance ƙasa da 0.1 mIU/L. Wasu kashi 1.8% kuma suna da matakan "TSH" ƙasa da 0.4 mIU/L.
Duk da haka, a ƙasashen da ke da ƙarancin sinadarin iodine , musamman a tsakanin mutanen da suka haura shekaru 70, wannan yanayin na iya kaiwa har kashi 15%. A Sri Lanka, wannan haɗarin ba shi da yawa saboda yawanci muna amfani da gishirin da aka yi da iodine , amma yana da kyau a sani.
Menene alamun cutar?
A mafi yawan lokuta, mutanen da ke fama da "Subclinical Hyperthyroidism" ba sa nuna wata alama . Shi ya sa ake kiransa "subclinical".
Duk da haka, wani lokacin za ka iya fuskantar wasu alamu masu sauƙi da suka shafi hyperthyroidism. A irin waɗannan lokutan, za ka iya fuskantar abubuwa kamar:
- Jin kamar zuciyarka tana bugawa da sauri (bugun zuciya).
- Kamar jikina yana rawa, kawai ina jin tsoro.
- Rage nauyi (duk da sha'awar abinci).
- Ƙara sha'awa.
- Gudawa ko yawan yin fitsari a cikin hanji.
- Fatar jikinta ta yi siriri, dumi, kuma tana da danshi.
- Canje-canje a cikin zagayowar jinin mata (`Canje-canjen jinin haila`).
Muhimmi: Samun waɗannan alamomin ba lallai bane yana nufin kana da "Subclinical Hyperthyroidism" ba. Duk da haka, idan waɗannan alamomin suka ci gaba, yana da kyau a ga likita.
Me yasa hakan ke faruwa? Menene dalilan?
A al'ada, tsarin endocrine ɗinmu yana aiki kamar ƙungiya. Ka yi tunanin hakan kamar babban kamfani.
Hypothalamus, wanda ke ƙarƙashin kwakwalwa, yana fitar da wani hormone mai suna TRH (Hormone Mai Sakin Thyroid). Wannan yana gaya wa glandar pituitary ya samar da TSH.
Sai `TSH` ya je ya gaya wa glandar thyroid ta yi `T3` (kimanin 20%) da `T4` (kimanin 80%). Lokacin da waɗannan `T3` da `T4` suka ƙaru a cikin jini, sai ya sake aika sigina zuwa glandar pituitary yana cewa, "To, daina yin `TSH` yanzu, akwai isasshen hormone." Wannan ana kiransa ` madaurin amsawa` . Lokacin da `T3` da `T4` suka ragu, wannan zagayen zai sake farawa daga farko.
Duk da haka, a cikin "Subclinical Hyperthyroidism", saboda wata matsala a cikin glandar thyroid, duk da cewa matakin "TSH" yana da ƙasa, samar da hormones na thyroid ba ya raguwa kamar yadda ake tsammani. Shi ya sa "TSH" yake ƙasa, amma "T3" da "T4" suna cikin matakan da suka dace.
Abubuwan da ke haifar da "Subclinical Hyperthyroidism" galibi iri ɗaya ne da waɗanda ke haifar da hyperthyroidism. Ga wasu daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da su:
- Ƙara yawan maganin hormone (levothyroxine) da ake bayarwa don maganin hypothyroidism (ƙarancin thyroid). Wannan shine mafi yawan dalilin.
- Goiter mai guba ta multinodular. Wannan yanayi ne da ƙwayoyin cuta marasa ciwon daji (nodules) ke tasowa a cikin glandar thyroid, wanda ke haifar da samar da hormone na thyroid da yawa.
- Cutar Graves. Wannan cuta ce ta garkuwar jiki. Wannan yana nufin cewa garkuwar jikinmu tana kai hari ga glandar thyroid, tana ƙarfafa shi don samar da ƙarin hormones.
- Ciwon thyroid: Idan glandar thyroid ta yi kumburi, matakan hormones na iya ƙaruwa na ɗan lokaci.
Ta yaya ka gane wannan?
Gwaje-gwajen aikin thyroid sune kawai hanyar da za a iya tabbatar da ko kuna da "Subclinical Hyperthyroidism" ko a'a.(Gwajin aikin thyroid kawai. Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen jini ne na yau da kullun.
Matsakaicin matakin TSH (wanda kuma ake kira thyrotropin) a cikin manya marasa juna biyu shine tsakanin raka'a 0.4 da 4.5 na duniya a kowace lita (mIU/L).
Idan gwajin jininka ya nuna cewa matakin TSH ɗinka yana ƙasa (tsakanin 0.1 da 0.4 mIU/L ko ƙasa da 0.1 mIU/L), amma matakan T4 (thyroxine) da T3 (triiodothyronine) suna cikin matsakaicin da aka saba, to kana da Hyperthyroidism na Subclinical.
Za a iya raba "subclinical hyperthyroidism" zuwa manyan rukuni biyu:
- Mai sauƙi: Matakan TSH suna da ƙasa, amma har yanzu ana iya gano su - yawanci tsakanin 0.1 da 0.4 mIU/L. Wannan matakin yana samuwa a cikin kashi 65% zuwa 75% na mutanen da ke fama da cutar hawan jini ta Subclinical.
- Mai Tsanani: Matakan TSH sun kasa da 0.1 mIU/L. Wannan yana shafar tsakanin kashi 25% zuwa 35% na mutane.
Shin wannan yana buƙatar magani?
Akwai ra'ayoyi daban-daban tsakanin likitoci game da ko za a yi maganin "Subclinical Hyperthyroidism" ko a'a, saboda har yanzu babu isasshen bincike kan fa'idodin magani.
Likitoci kan ba da shawarar a yi amfani da hanyar "jira a gani" ga mutanen da ke fama da cutar hyperthyroidism ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba. Wato, suna jiran yanayin ya inganta da kansu ba tare da fara magani ba.
Duk da haka, ana iya ba da shawarar magani ga waɗanda matakan TSH ɗinsu ke ƙasa da 0.1 mIU/L akai-akai, musamman a cikin waɗannan yanayi:
- Idan kana da shekaru 65 ko sama da haka.
- Idan kana ƙasa da shekara 65, kana da cututtukan zuciya, osteoporosis, ko alamun hyperthyroidism.
- Idan ke mace ce da ta daina haila, wacce ba ta kai shekara 65 ba, kuma ba ta shan estrogen ko bisphosphonates (wani nau'in magani da ake amfani da shi don magance matsalolin ƙashi).
Ciwon hyperthyroidism na ciki a lokacin daukar ciki yawanci ba ya buƙatar magani.
Idan an bayar da magani, menene?
Idan likitanka ya yanke shawarar cewa magani ya zama dole, maganin zai dogara ne akan dalilin hyperthyroidism na ciki.
- Idan kana da wani guba mai guba mai yawa (ƙulli a wuya) ko kuma kumburi ɗaya a kan thyroid, maganin da aka fi amfani da shi shine radioactive iodine . Wannan magani ne da kake sha ta baki. Kwayoyin da ke aiki fiye da kima a cikin thyroid suna shan iodine. Iodin radioactive yana lalata waɗannan ƙwayoyin, yana sa thyroid ya ragu kuma matakan hormone ɗinka su faɗi cikin 'yan makonni.
- Idan kana da cutar Graves, magungunan da aka fi amfani da su sune magungunan antithyroid da kuma iodine mai rediyoaktif. Magungunan antithyroid kamar methimazole (Tapazole) da propylthiouracil (PTU) suna aiki ta hanyar toshe ikon glandar thyroid na samar da hormones.
Za a iya hana faruwar hakan?
A mafi yawan lokuta, babu abin da za mu iya yi don hana ci gaban "Subclinical Hyperthyroidism" ko kuma "Hyperthyroidism" a bayyane.
Duk da haka, idan ba ka samun isasshen sinadarin aidin a cikin abincinka (ko kuma ya yi yawa) , za ka iya kamuwa da "Subclinical" ko "Overt Hyperthyroidism" saboda "gubar goiter". Duk da cewa wannan ba abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare a ƙasashe kamar Sri Lanka ba saboda muna amfani da gishirin iodized, ana iya ganin wannan yanayin a ƙasashen da ƙarancin sinadarin aidin ya zama ruwan dare.
Me za mu iya tsammani game da wannan yanayin? Akwai wasu haɗari?
Ciwon hyperthyroidism na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ba kasafai yake faruwa ba har ya kai ga bayyanannen ciwon hyperthyroidism. Duk da haka, wannan haɗarin ya ɗan fi girma a cikin mutanen da ke da ƙarancin matakan TSH (ƙasa da 0.1 mIU/L).
Domin akwai dalilai da yawa, "Subclinical Hyperthyroidism" na kowa ya bambanta.
Ko da bai kai ga "Babban Hawan Jini ba", "Subclinical Hyperthyroidism" na iya haifar da wasu matsaloli. Wasu daga cikinsu sune:
- Atrial fibrillation ( bugun zuciya mara tsari).
- Ciwon zuciya (haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon zuciya ).
- Ciwon zuciya (cutar jijiyoyin zuciya ).
- Asarar ƙashi da karyewar ƙashi.
- Dementia ( yanayin rashin tunawa wanda zai iya faruwa da shekaru).
Waɗannan haɗarin suna da yawa musamman ga mutanen da suka haura shekaru 65 da kuma waɗanda ke da matsanancin hyperthyroidism na ciki.
Idan kana damuwa game da waɗannan haɗarin, ya fi kyau ka yi magana da likitanka game da wannan.
Yaushe ya kamata in ga likita?
A mafi yawan lokuta, idan gwaje-gwajen da aka yi maka sun nuna cewa kana da "Subclinical Hyperthyroidism," likitoci za su ɗauki hanyar "jira ka gani".
Amma, idan ka fara jin alamun hyperthyroidism (damuwa, rashin natsuwa, bugun zuciya), tabbatar da ganin likitanka. Sannan zai sake yin wani gwajin jinin thyroid don ganin ko kana da "Overt Hyperthyroidism".
Ka tuna, har yanzu akwai ra'ayoyi daban-daban game da ko za a yi maganin "Subclinical Hyperthyroidism" ko a'a. Kowa, kowane yanayi ya bambanta. Saboda haka, mafi kyawun abin da za a yi shi ne tattauna duk tambayoyinku da fargabarku tare da likitanku. Shi ko ita a shirye suke kuma a shirye suke su taimake ku.
Saƙon Ɗauka Gida
To, ga wasu abubuwan da ya kamata ku tuna daga abin da muka tattauna a kai:
- "Subclinical Hyperthyroidism" yanayi ne da glandar thyroid ke aiki da yawa, amma ba ya nuna manyan alamu.
- Ana gano wannan ta hanyar gwajin jini wanda ke nuna ƙarancin matakin TSH (amma T3 da T4 na al'ada).
- Tunda sau da yawa babu alamun cutar, magani ba lallai bane. Likitan ku zai iya ɗaukar hanyar "jira ka gani".
- Wasu mutane, musamman tsofaffi ko waɗanda ke da wasu matsalolin lafiya, na iya buƙatar magani.
- Idan ka fuskanci alamun hyperthyroidism (kamar ƙaruwar bugun zuciya, rawar jiki, raguwar nauyi), ka nemi likita nan da nan.
- Abu mafi mahimmanci shine kada ka firgita, ka yi magana a fili game da wannan tare da likitanka, kuma ka bi shawararsa.
Ina fatan wannan bayanin zai amfani ku. Ku kasance cikin koshin lafiya!
' Subclinical Hyperthyroidism, thyroid, TSH, T3, T4, hormones, cutar Graves', goiter
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