He aha ka Cytology? E aʻo kākou i nā mea āpau e pili ana i ia mea!

Ua lohe paha ʻoe i kahi hoʻāʻo 'Cytology'? Malia paha ua noi mai kekahi kauka iā ʻoe e hana i ia ʻano hoʻāʻo. He hoʻāʻo koʻikoʻi loa kēia. Nānā ia i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi loa i loko o ko mākou kino a kōkua i ka ʻike mua ʻana i kekahi mau maʻi, ʻoi aku hoʻi ke kanesa. No laila, i kēia lā e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kēia ʻepekema o ka cytology ma ke ʻano maʻalahi hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo.

He aha ka Cytology? I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi...

E noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ia mea, ua hana ʻia ko mākou kino me nā piliona o nā cell liʻiliʻi. No laila, ʻo kēia cytology, i kapa ʻia i kekahi manawa ʻo 'cytopathology', pili i ka lawe ʻana i kekahi mau cell mai nā ʻiʻo a i ʻole nā ​​​​wai o kou kino (no ka laʻana, mimi, mucus) a nānā iā lākou e ʻike inā he mea ʻokoʻa a ʻano ʻē paha i loko o lākou.

E like me ke kauka mākaʻi, he kauka loea, kapa mākou iā ia he 'pathologist' , ʻo ia ka mea nāna e nānā pono i kēia mau cell ma lalo o kahi microscope a ʻike, 'Auē... aia kahi pilikia ma aneʻi' a i ʻole 'ʻAʻole, ua maikaʻi nā mea āpau'. ʻAʻole pono kēia i kahi ʻāpana nui o ka ʻiʻo, ua lawa kahi hāpana cell liʻiliʻi loa. ʻO ia ke kumu e hiki ai ke hana i kēia hoʻāʻo me ka ʻole o ka pilikia nui i ka hapa nui o nā hihia.

ʻOiai ke hoʻohana nei nā kauka i kēia mau hoʻokolohua cytology no nā mea like ʻole, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia lākou e ʻike i ka maʻi kanesa a i ʻole ka nānā ʻana no ke alo o ka maʻi kanesa.

He aha nā ʻano nui o ka cytology?

I kēia manawa, e nānā kākou, aia ʻelua mau ʻano hana nui i ka cytology. E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana iā lākou.

1. ʻO ka Cytology Exfoliative

He mea paʻakikī paha ke kani ʻana o ka inoa, akā he mea maʻalahi loa ia. ʻO ka cytology exfoliative ke kaʻina hana o ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻāpana i hoʻokahe ʻia mai ko mākou kino (e like me nā ʻili make) a i ʻole e ʻoki mālie ʻia mai ka ʻili, e like me kahi palaki liʻiliʻi.

E nānā kākou i kekahi mau laʻana o kēia.

• Nā hāpana wahine: Ua kamaʻāina ka hapa nui o nā wahine me kēia. ʻO kahi ʻano hoʻāʻo kaulana loa ʻo ia ka Pap smear , ʻo ia hoʻi ka lawe ʻana i kahi hāpana liʻiliʻi o nā keena mai ka cervix me kahi palaki liʻiliʻi a hoʻāʻo iā lākou.
• Nā laʻana o ke ala ʻōpū: I kekahi manawa, ke hana ke kauka i kahi endoscopy (ke nānā nei i loko me ke kāmela), hiki iā lākou ke ʻeli i kekahi mau cell mai loko o ka ʻōpū a hoʻouna iā lākou no kahi hoʻāʻo cytology.
• Nā laʻana ʻili a mucus paha: Hiki ke hoʻāʻo ʻia kēia mau mea ma ke kahakaha ʻana i nā ʻāpana mai kou ʻili, i loko o kou ihu, a i loko paha o kou waha.

ʻO kekahi ala ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā pūnaewele mai nā mea i hoʻokuʻu wale ʻia mai ke kino. E noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ia mea:

• Nā hāpana hanu:Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻāʻo i ka phlegm a i ʻole ka sputum e puka mai ana i waho ke ʻū ʻoe e ʻike i nā cell i loko.
• Nā hāpana mimi: Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kekahi mau maʻi ma ka lawe ʻana i kahi hāpana o kāu mimi (mimi) a me ka nānā ʻana i nā keena i loko.
• Nā hoʻokuʻu kūlohelohe a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​laʻana huna: Inā he hoʻokuʻu kūlohelohe ʻole, e like me nā maka, ka vagina, a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​umauma, hiki ke lawe ʻia kahi laʻana a hiki ke hana i kahi hoʻāʻo cytology.

2. ʻO ka Cytology Interventional

Ma kēia, e like me ka inoa e hōʻike nei, pono ke kauka e hana i kahi ʻoki liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻili o kou ʻili a lawe i kahi hāpana o nā keena mai loko mai. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, pono paha e lawe ʻia ka hāpana ma ke hou ʻana i ka ʻili.

ʻO ka hoʻāʻo maʻamau o kēia ʻano i kapa ʻia ʻo ka fine-needle aspiration (FNA) .

• ʻO kēia ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi nila lahilahi loa e hoʻokomo iā ia i loko o ka wahi e nānā ʻia ai (e.g., he puʻupuʻu) a lawe mai i kahi hāpana o ka wai a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​kelepona mai laila mai. A laila nānā ke kauka pathologist i nā kelepona ma lalo o kahi microscope.

Aia kekahi mau wahi e hiki ai ke hana i kahi FNA:

• He mau puʻu wai nā cysts ma lalo o ka ʻili.
• Nā nodules a i ʻole nā ​​​​pūʻulu ma lalo o ka ʻili.
• Kou mau lymph nodes.
• Wai pericardial .
• ʻO ka wai pleural ka wai i loaʻa i loko o ka hakahaka pleural (ma waena o nā māmā a me ka uhi o loko o ka umauma).

I ka manawa hea e hana ʻia ai kahi hoʻāʻo cytology?

E like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai ma mua, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia no ka ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi kanesa a i ʻole e nānā mua no ka maʻi kanesa.

• ʻO ka hoʻāʻo diagnostics kahi hoʻāʻo i hana ʻia ke loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona (e.g., ka ʻū mau, ka ʻeha ʻōpū, kahi puʻupuʻu i loko o kou kino) e ʻike ai i ke kumu o ka pilikia. Hiki i ka Cytology ke kōkua i ka hoʻoholo ʻana inā he mau ʻāpana ʻē aʻe a, inā pēlā, he aha ke ʻano o ka maʻi.
• ʻO kahi hoʻāʻo nānā he hoʻāʻo ia e nānā ai inā ʻoe e pilikia ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi mau maʻi (ʻoi aku ka maʻi kanesa), ʻoiai inā ʻaʻohe ou hōʻailona. ʻO ka Pap smear kekahi o ia mau hoʻāʻo i kamaʻāina i nā poʻe he nui.

Ma waho aʻe o kēia, kōkua ka cytology i nā mea ʻē aʻe:

• E ʻike i nā maʻi lele.
• E ʻike i nā kūlana mumū.
• E nānā inā he mau ʻeha thyroid.
• E ʻike i nā maʻi e pili ana i kekahi mau lua o ke kino (e.g., ka wai e hana ana ma waena o nā membrane e uhi ana i nā māmā).

ʻO wai ka mea e hana i kēia hoʻāʻo cytology?

He nīnau maikaʻi nō hoʻi kēia. I ka wā e hana ai i kahi hoʻāʻo cytology,ʻElua mau kānaka maʻamau: ʻo ka mea nāna e hōʻiliʻili i ka hāpana a me ka mea nāna e hoʻāʻo.

• ʻOkoʻa ke ʻano o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka hāpana ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hoʻāʻo. No ka laʻana, hiki i kahi kauka wahine ke hōʻiliʻili i ka hāpana cell no kahi Pap smear. No kahi FNA, na ke kauka i aʻo ʻia e hana ia.
• A laila, hoʻouna ʻia kēia hāpana i kahi hale hana.
• Ma laila, nānā kahi pathologist a cytopathologist paha i kēia mau cell ma lalo o kahi microscope a hana i kahi hōʻailona. ʻO lākou nā loea i kēia kahua.

Pehea e hana ʻia ai kahi hoʻāʻo Cytology? ʻAnuʻu i kēlā me kēia ʻanuʻu

ʻAe, i kēia manawa e nānā pono kākou pehea e hana ʻia ai kēia hoʻāʻo cytology. ʻEhā mau ʻanuʻu nui no kēia.

1. Ke hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā pūnaewele hāpana

ʻO kēia ka hana mua. E lawe kāu kauka i kahi hāpana o nā ʻāpana mai kou kino e hoʻāʻo ai. E like me kā mākou i kūkākūkā ai ma mua, hiki paha:

• E wehe ma ke kahakaha ʻana a i ʻole ka palaki ʻana i ka ʻili.
• Hōʻiliʻili ʻia ma ke ʻano he wai (e like me ka mimi, ka mucus).
• Ua lawe ʻia paha me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano hana 'fine needle aspiration ' (FNA).

2. Ke hana ʻana i nā pūnaewele laʻana

Ke hiki mai ka hāpana i ka hale hoʻokolohua, pono e hoʻomākaukau ʻia e maʻalahi ai ka hoʻāʻo ʻana.

• No kekahi mau laʻana ʻiʻo, e hamo ke kauka a i ʻole kekahi ma ka lab iā lākou ma kahi slide aniani (microscope slide). Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau mea ʻo 'smears' .
• Inā he hāpana wai ia, ʻaʻole paha e hiki ke hana pololei i kahi smear ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa o ka helu o nā cell i loko. A laila waiho ʻia i loko o kahi pahu liʻiliʻi a hoʻouna ʻia i ka lab.
• I loko o ka hale hana, e hoʻoluʻu kekahi kauka maʻi a loea paha i kēia mau smears, a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​kelepona i hoʻomākaukau ʻia, i loko o nā kala kūikawā (nā ʻili). ʻO kēia ʻili e maʻalahi ai ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o nā kelepona ma lalo o kahi microscope. E like me ke kala ʻana i kahi kiʻi e maʻalahi ai ka ʻike ʻana i nā kikoʻī.
• Inā he wai ka hāpana, hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mīkini i kapa ʻia he centrifuge e hoʻokaʻawale i nā cell mai ka wai. Hoʻopololei kēia mīkini i ka hāpana me ka wikiwiki loa a hoʻokaʻawale i nā cell ma ke kaumaha. A laila kau ʻia nā cell i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma luna o kahi slide a hoʻoluʻu ʻia inā pono.

3. Ke nānā ʻana i nā pūnaewele hāpana

A laila e nānā pono ʻia ka hāpana cell i hoʻomākaukau ʻia a hoʻoluʻu ʻia ma lalo o kahi microscope e kahi pathologist. E nānā ʻo ia i:

• He maʻamau anei nā pūnaewele?
• Aia kekahi mau pūnaewele ʻano ʻē?
• Aia kekahi mau hōʻailona o ka maʻi?
• Ke ʻike nei ʻoe i nā mea e like me nā hunaola kanesa?

Inā loaʻa iā ia kekahi mau ʻāpana ʻē, kaha ʻo ia iā lākou ma ka paheʻe me kahi peni kūikawā. A laila, ma muli o kāna mea e ʻike ai, hana ʻo ia i kahi hōʻailona a hana i kahi hōʻike kikoʻī.

4. Ke kaʻana like ʻana i nā hopena

ʻO ka mea hope loa, e hoʻouna aku ke kauka pathologist i ka hōʻike i kāu kauka (ke kauka nāna ʻoe i kuhikuhi no ka hoʻokolohua). A laila e wehewehe kāu kauka i nā hopena iā ʻoe a kūkākūkā me ʻoe i ka mea e hana ai ma hope (e.g., nā hoʻokolohua hou aku, nā lāʻau lapaʻau).

Pehea e hoʻomākaukau ai no kahi hoʻokolohua cytology?

He pilikia kēia i loaʻa i nā poʻe he nui. ʻO ka nūhou maikaʻi, he maʻalahi loa ka hapa nui o nā hoʻokolohua cytology a ʻaʻole ʻeha loa. No laila, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hana i kekahi mea kūikawā e hoʻomākaukau ai no lākou.

Eia nō naʻe, e wehewehe kāu kauka i nā kikoʻī o ka hoʻāʻo āu e hana ai. E haʻi maopopo mai nō hoʻi ʻo ia inā he mea āu e pono ai e hana ma mua o kēlā hoʻāʻo kikoʻī (e like me ka ʻai ʻole ʻana no kekahi mau hola, ke kāpae ʻana i kekahi mau lāʻau lapaʻau). No laila e hahai pono i kēlā mau kuhikuhi.

He aha ka mea e manaʻo ai ma hope o ka hoʻāʻo?

Ma hope o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, hoʻouna ʻia ka hāpana o nā keena i lawe ʻia mai ou aku i kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua, kahi e nānā ai kahi pathologist a hoʻouna i kahi hōʻike i kāu kauka. E haʻi aku ke kauka iā ʻoe i nā hopena. I kekahi manawa aia paha kekahi ʻeha a i ʻole ka palapū ma kahi i lawe ʻia ai ka hāpana no kekahi mau lā, akā naʻe nalo koke kēia.

Aia kekahi mau pilikia a me nā hemahema i kēia mau hoʻokolohua?

E like me nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau āpau, aia nā pilikia e hiki mai ana. Eia nō naʻe, he kakaikahi nā pilikia koʻikoʻi mai nā hoʻokolohua cytology. Eia nō naʻe, he mau mea liʻiliʻi pinepine lākou (e.g., kahi kahe koko iki a i ʻole ka palapū ma kahi o ka FNA).

• I kekahi manawa, hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena 'wahaheʻe maikaʻi' a i ʻole 'wahaheʻe maikaʻi ʻole'. ʻO ke ʻano o ka 'wahaheʻe maikaʻi' ʻo ia hoʻi, hōʻike ka hopena ʻaʻole i loaʻa kahi maʻi, a ʻo ke ʻano o ka 'wahaheʻe maikaʻi ʻole' ʻo ia hoʻi, hōʻike ka hopena ʻaʻole i loaʻa kahi maʻi. Akā, he mea kakaikahi loa kēia, a hopohopo nui nā pathologists e pili ana i kēia.
• I kekahi mau hihia, hiki i kahi biopsy (kahi hoʻāʻo e lawe i kahi ʻāpana ʻiʻo) ke hāʻawi i ka ʻike hou aku ma mua o kahi hoʻāʻo cytology, a no laila ʻoi aku ka pololei.

No laila he aha nā pono o nā hoʻokolohua cytology?

Aia nā pono a me nā hemahema. No ka mea he liʻiliʻi wale nō ka hāpana o nā cell e pono ai, he nui nā pono o kahi hoʻāʻo cytology ma mua o kahi biopsy:

• ʻAʻole komo nui. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻaʻohe ʻoki nui.
• He mea liʻiliʻi loa ka ʻoluʻolu ʻole a me ka ʻeha. ʻAʻohe ʻeha o kekahi.
• Haʻahaʻa ka manawa kūpono o nā pilikia.
• He haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai.
• Hiki ke hana koke ʻia.

He aha nā hopena o ka hoʻāʻo cytology?

Hiki ke ʻokoʻa iki nā hopena āu e loaʻa ai ma muli o ka hoʻāʻo i hana ʻia, a me kahi i lawe ʻia ai ka hāpana. ʻO ka maʻamau, hiki i kahi hōʻike a ka pathologist ke komo pū me kēia mau mea:

• He wehewehe ʻana o ka hāpana (e.g. kahi i lawe ʻia ai, pehea i lawe ʻia ai).
• Inā paha ua loaʻa nā pūnaewele ʻano ʻē a ʻaʻole paha.
• Inā loaʻa nā pūnaewele ʻē, he aha ke ʻano o ka maʻi, ka maʻi ahulau, a i ʻole ke kanesa?
• Inā he maʻi kanesa, he aha ke ʻano o ke kanesa? Hōʻike kēia iā ʻoe i ke ʻano like a ʻokoʻa paha o nā hunaola kanesa mai nā hunaola maʻamau, a pehea ka wikiwiki o ko lākou laha ʻana.
• Inā pono nā hoʻokolohua hou aʻe, e like me ka biopsy.
• Malia paha, he hōʻoia hope loa a i ʻole kekahi mau kuhi wale nō.

ʻEhia ka lōʻihi e hiki ai iaʻu ke ʻike i nā hopena?

He mea kēia a nā poʻe he nui e nīnau ai. ʻO ka manawa e pono ai e ʻike i nā hopena e pili ana i kēlā me kēia kumu.

• Hiki ke hala kekahi mau lā (hiki i hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha lā) nā hopena o kekahi mau hoʻokolohua loiloi maʻamau (e like me ka Pap smear).
• Hiki i kekahi mau hoʻokolohua paʻakikī ke hala i hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha pule a ʻoi aku paha.

ʻO nā mea e pili ana i kēia:

• ʻO ka nui o ka hana ma ka lab.
• Pono e ʻike i nā pūnaewele a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻiʻo hou aku.
• Pono paha nā ʻili kūikawā a i ʻole nā ​​​​hoʻāʻo hou aʻe.
• I kekahi manawa pono kahi manaʻo ʻelua mai kekahi kauka ʻē aʻe.
• ʻO ka manawa hana ka manawa e pono ai no ka hāpana e hele i ka lab, e mākaukau, e hoʻāʻo ʻia, e kākau ʻia ka hōʻike, a laila e hāʻawi ʻia i kāu kauka.

E hiki i kāu kauka ke hāʻawi iā ʻoe i kahi manaʻo no ka lōʻihi o ka manawa e hana ai.

He aha ka pilina ma waena o ka cytology a me ka pathology?

Mai huikau i nā mea ʻelua. ʻO ka Cytology, a i ʻole mākou e kapa nei he 'Cytopathology', he lālā ia o ka Pathology, ʻo ia hoʻi, he subspecialty.

I ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻo ka pathology ke kahua o ka lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana i nā keena a me nā ʻiʻo mai nā ʻiʻo kino a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​laʻana wai no ke kumu o ka ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi. No laila, ʻo ka cytology kekahi ʻāpana o kēlā kahua nui.

He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka Cytology a me ka Histology?

ʻO Cytology a me Histology ʻelua mau lālā ʻē aʻe o ka Pathology. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o nā mea ʻelua ʻo ia ka mea i nānā ʻia.

• Nānā nui ka Cytology i nā pūnaewele pākahi a i ʻole nā ​​​​hui o nā pūnaewele. Hiki i kēia ke lilo i mau pūnaewele i loaʻa a i ʻole nā ​​​​kelepona i lawe ʻia mai kahi FNA.
• Ke nānā aku nei ʻo Histology i kahi ʻāpana holoʻokoʻa o nā ʻiʻo.Ua nānā ʻia ka hāpana ʻiʻo e ʻike i ka nui o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa o nā cell, pehea lākou e pili ai kekahi i kekahi, a me ke ʻano o nā ʻiʻo. Hana pinepine ʻia kēia ma ka lawe ʻana i kahi hāpana ʻiʻo ma o kahi biopsy.

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ua like ka ʻepekema cell me ka lawe ʻana i kahi lau mai kahi lāʻau a nānā iā ia, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻepekema tissue ua like ia me ka lawe ʻana i kahi lālā mai kahi lāʻau.

He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o kahi hoʻāʻo cytology a me kahi biopsy?

ʻO ke kumu o nā mea ʻelua, ʻo ia ke hana i kahi hōʻailona, ​​​​akā aia kekahi mau ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi ma waena o nā mea ʻelua.

• Ka nui o ka hāpana:
• I loko o ka cytology, ua nānā ʻia kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o nā pūnaewele ma lalo o kahi microscope.
• ʻO ka biopsy maʻamau e pili ana i ka lawe ʻana i kahi ʻāpana ʻiʻo nui aʻe ma mua o kahi hāpana cytology.

• Pehea e hana ai:
• ʻO ka lawe ʻana i kahi hāpana cytology (e like me, kahi Pap smear, kahi swab) he mea maʻalahi pinepine ia, ʻaʻohe ʻeha, a ʻaʻole paha e pono ai ka anesthesia.
• ʻOi aku ka invasive o nā hoʻokolohua biopsy ma mua o nā hoʻokolohua cytology. Pono paha lākou i ka anesthesia kūloko a i ʻole ka anesthesia laulā.

• ʻO ka mea i nānā ʻia:
• Nānā ka Cytology i nā pūnaewele pākahi a i ʻole nā ​​​​hui o nā pūnaewele .
• I loko o kahi biopsy, ʻaʻole nānā wale ka pathologist i nā cell, akā, i ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa o nā ʻiʻo .

ʻO ka mea hope loa, nā mea e pono ai ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo

No laila, ke lana nei koʻu manaʻo ua loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi manaʻo maikaʻi e pili ana i ka Cytology. ʻO ka mea nui loa , ʻo nā hoʻokolohua Cytology he ʻano maʻamau a palekana hoʻi i ʻole e ʻeha a hoʻohana ʻia no ka ʻike ʻana i nā maʻi a me ka ʻike mua ʻana i nā mea e like me ke kanesa.

Hiki i ke kali ʻana i nā hopena hoʻāʻo ke lilo i mea kaumaha a hopohopo. He mea maʻamau kēlā. Akā e hoʻomanaʻo, aia mau kāu hui lapaʻau e kōkua iā ʻoe a mālama iā ʻoe, ʻaʻohe mea he aha nā hopena. Inā he mau nīnau kāu e pili ana i kāu hoʻāʻo, kāu mau hopena, a i ʻole ka mea e hana ai ma hope, mai makaʻu e nīnau i kāu kauka. Loaʻa iā ʻoe ke kuleana e hoʻolohe ʻia a hoʻomaopopo ʻia. Ua maopopo iā ʻoe?

ʻO Cytology, Cytology, Hoʻāʻo Kelepona, ʻIke ʻana i ke Kanesa, Hoʻāʻo Pap, Pap Smear, FNA, Hōʻailona, ​​Pathology