E aʻo wale kākou e pili ana i nā electrolytes, he mea nui loa ia no ke kino!

Ua lohe mua ʻoe i ka huaʻōlelo 'electrolytes'? Ua lohe paha ʻoe i ka wā e hana ana ʻoe i ka hou ma hope o ka hoʻoikaika kino ʻana, a i ʻole i ka wā e maʻi ai kekahi a maloʻo. He aha kēia mau electrolytes? No ke aha e pono ai ko kākou kino iā lākou? E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēia me nā kikoʻī, me ka maʻalahi loa.

He aha nā electrolytes? I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi...

E noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ia mea, he mau mea liʻiliʻi nā electrolytes, ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka wai, e hana i kahi uku uila liʻiliʻi (a i ʻole kekahi mea e like me ke au liʻiliʻi). Loaʻa i kekahi o kēia mau mea kahi uku maikaʻi (+), a loaʻa i kekahi kahi uku maikaʻi ʻole (-). ʻO ko mākou kino, i ke ʻano o kahi pākeke, he 60% wai. ʻO ia hoʻi, aia kēlā me kēia cell i loko o ke kino, kokoke i kēlā me kēia wai, i kēia mau electrolytes. ʻO kēia nā mea e kōkua ai i nā hopena kemika o ko mākou kino e holo pono, e mālama i nā wai i loko a ma waho o nā cell i ke kaulike, a hana i nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui.

Loaʻa iā mākou kēia mau electrolytes mai ka meaʻai a mākou e ʻai ai a inu ai. Hoʻopuka ko mākou mau puʻupaʻa i nā electrolytes keu ma o ka mimi. Nalowale pū nā electrolytes mai ko mākou kino ke hou mākou.

He mea maʻalahi inā hoʻomanaʻo ʻoe i kēia mau ʻōlelo!

Aia kekahi mau huaʻōlelo a mākou e lohe pinepine ai i ke kamaʻilio ʻana e pili ana i kēia mau electrolytes. Inā ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi iā lākou, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi i kahi mea a ke kauka e ʻōlelo ai.

• Hyper- : Ke hele mai kēia huaʻōlelo ma mua ona, ʻo ia hoʻi he nui loa kekahi mea. Eia kekahi laʻana, inā nui loa ka sodium, ua kapa ʻia ʻo 'Hypernatremia'.
• Hypo- : Ke hele mua mai kēia huaʻōlelo, ʻo ia hoʻi he hemahema kekahi mea. No ka laʻana, ua kapa ʻia ka sodium haʻahaʻa ʻo 'Hyponatremia'.
• ʻIon : Pili kēia i kahi ʻātoma me kahi uku uila. Ua like ia me kahi pila liʻiliʻi.
• Nā Cations : ʻO kēia nā ions me kahi uku uila maikaʻi (+).
• Nā Anion : ʻO kēia nā ion me ka hoʻouku uila maikaʻi ʻole (-).
• pH (pH) : Ke ana kēia inā he waikawa (e like me ka waikawa) kahi wai, he kumu (e like me ke kopa), a he kūlike ʻole paha (e like me ka wai). Pono ka `pH` maʻamau o ko kākou koko ma waena o 7.36 a me 7.44.
• ʻAkika : Inā emi ka waiwai pH ma mua o 7.
• Kūlike ʻole : Inā pololei ka waiwai `pH` he 7.
• Kumu/ʻAlaʻala : Inā ʻoi aku ka waiwai `pH` ma mua o 7. Ua kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo Basic he "alkaline".

He aha ka hana maoli a nā electrolytes i ko mākou kino?

Hoʻohana nā ʻāpana o kou kino i kēia mau electrolytes e lawelawe i nā uku uila. ʻO kēia mau uku uila ka mea e hoʻopaʻa ai a hoʻolōʻihi ai kou mau ʻiʻo. E noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ia mea, ke neʻe ʻoe i kou lima, ke pani ʻoe i kou mau maka, ke kuʻi kou puʻuwai - he mea nui loa kēia mau electrolytes no kēia mau mea āpau.

ʻAʻole wale kēlā, akā kōkua pū kēia mau uku uila i nā hopena kemika. ʻO ka mea nui, he mea nui nā electrolytes no ka hiki o ke kino ke omo i ka wai (hydration) a mālama i ke kaulike ma waena o ka nui o ka wai i loko a ma waho o nā cell.

No ka hāʻawi ʻana i kahi laʻana maʻalahi, e lawe i ka wai paʻakai. Kahe ka uila ma o ka wai paʻakai, ʻeā? ʻO ke kumu o kēia, ua hana ʻia ka paʻakai me ka sodium (kahi i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia) a me ka chlorine (kahi i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻole ʻia). Ke hui pū ʻia kēia mau mea ʻelua, kaulike nā uku. Akā i ka wā e hoʻoheheʻe ai ka paʻakai i ka wai, hoʻokaʻawale nā ​​​​​​ʻātoma sodium a me chlorine a lilo i mau ion me nā uku maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole. A laila kahe ka uila ma waena o kēia mau ion sodium a me chlorine, ʻaʻole ma waena o nā molekala wai.

ʻO ia ka mea like e hana ʻia i loko o ko kākou kino. Kōkua nā electrolytes i ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i nā kemika i loko a i waho o ko kākou mau cell. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ua like nā electrolytes me nā koa liʻiliʻi e mālama ana i ko kākou kino i ke kaulike.

He aha nā electrolytes koʻikoʻi no ko mākou kino?

Aia kekahi mau mea nui e pono ai no ka mālama ʻana i nā pae electrolyte kūpono i loko o ko kākou kino. E nānā kākou i kēia mau mea nui a me nā mea e hana ai inā piʻi nui lākou (Hyper-) a haʻahaʻa paha (Hypo-) i loko o ke kino.

Sodium (+)

He mea nui loa ka sodium e kōkua ana i ka mālama ʻana i ka nui kūpono o ka wai i loko o nā cell. Kōkua pū ia i nā cell e omo i nā meaʻai. ʻO ka sodium ka ion electrolyte nui loa i loko o ko kākou kino.

• Hypernatremia : Hiki i kēia ke hoʻoulu i ka huikau, nā loli o ke ʻano, ka nalowale o ka kaohi ʻana o nā ʻiʻo, nā hopu ʻana , a me ka coma.
• Ka nele o ka sodium (Hyponatremia) : Hiki i kēia ke hana i ka huikau, ka huhū, ka nāwaliwali o nā ʻiʻo, ka nausea, ka luaʻi ʻana, nā hopu ʻana , a me ka coma.

Makenesium (+)

Kōkua ka Magnesium i nā ʻāpana e hoʻololi i nā meaʻai i ikehu. He mea nui ka Magnesium no kou lolo a me nā ʻiʻo e hana pono.

• Hypermagnesemia : Hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻano hewa o ka puʻuwai (Arrhythmias), nāwaliwali o nā ʻiʻo, nā pilikia hanu, a me ka hopu ʻana o ka puʻuwai.
• Ka nele o ka magnesiuma (Hypomagnesemia) : Hiki ke loaʻa ka nāwaliwali o nā ʻiʻo, nā ʻūmiʻi, ka nalowale o ka mana, a me nā puʻuwai puʻuwai kūpono ʻole (arrhythmias). Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia kēia me ka nele o ka calcium a me ka potassium.

Potasiuma (+)

Hoʻohana nā pūnaewele i ka potassium me ka sodium. Ke komo kahi ion sodium i loko o kahi pūnaewele, puka aku kahi ion potassium. Pēlā nō ia. He mea nui loa ka potassium no ka hana o kou puʻuwai. ʻO ka nui a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi o ia mea hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā pilikia puʻuwai koʻikoʻi.

• Hoʻonui ʻia ka potassium (Hyperkalemia)Hiki ke loaʻa ke kino make, ka hiki ʻole ke hoʻoneʻe i nā ʻiʻo, ka nalowale o ka ʻike, a me nā puʻuwai kū ʻole (arrhythmias).
• Ka potassium haʻahaʻa (Hypokalemia) : ʻO nā hōʻailona e komo pū ana me ka nāwaliwali o nā ʻiʻo, ka ʻeha o ke kua, ka mimi pinepine ʻana, ka poniuniu i ke kū ʻana, a me ka maule. Inā piʻi nui kēia, hiki i nā ʻiʻo ke hoʻomaka e haki (kahi ʻano i kapa ʻia ʻo rhabdomyolysis, hiki ke hōʻeha nui i nā puʻupaʻa) a me nā haunaele weliweli o ka puʻuwai (arrhythmias).

Kalipuna (+)

Ke noʻonoʻo kākou i ka calcium, manaʻo kākou he mea ia e hoʻoikaika ai i nā niho a me nā iwi. He ʻoiaʻiʻo kēlā. Akā, pono ka calcium no nā mea he nui ma mua o kēlā. He mea nui nō hoʻi ka calcium no nā mea e like me ka hoʻomalu ʻana i nā ʻiʻo, ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā leka ma o nā aʻalolo, a me ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka puʻuwai. Inā kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa paha ka calcium i loko o ke koko, hiki iā ia ke hana i kekahi mau hōʻailona e hoʻopilikia i nā ʻōnaehana like ʻole o ke kino.

Hoʻonui ʻia ka calcium (Hypercalcemia)

• Lolo : ʻEha poʻo, luhi, nele i ka hoihoi, huikau.
• ʻŌnaehana hoʻoheheʻe : paʻa ʻōpū, ʻeha ʻōpū, luaʻi.
• Nā puʻupaʻa : Mimi pinepine, nā pōhaku puʻupaʻa, ka hāʻule ʻana o ka puʻupaʻa.
• Puʻuwai : Nā ʻano ʻē o ka puʻuwai (Arrhythmias) (hiki i kekahi ke koʻikoʻi).
• ʻŌnaehana Musculoskeletal : ʻEha i nā iwi a me nā hono.

Ka haʻahaʻa o ka calcium (Hypocalcemia)

• Lolo : Nā haunaele o ka ʻike, nā loli i ke ʻano.
• Nā ʻiʻo : Nā ʻiʻo paʻa, nalowale o ke kaohi, nā ʻūmiʻi ʻiʻo, paʻakikī i ka ʻōlelo ʻana a me ka hanu ʻana ma muli o ke paʻa ʻana o nā ʻiʻo o ka puʻu.

Kolorida (-)

ʻO Chloride (ka inoa i hāʻawi ʻia i ka ion chlorine) ka lua o ka ion nui loa i loko o ke kino. He mea nui loa hoʻi ia no ka mālama ʻana i ke kaulike wai i loko a ma waho o nā cell. Kōkua pū ia i ka mālama ʻana i ke kaulike 'pH' maoli o ke kino.

• Hyperchloremia : Hiki i kēia ke hana i kahi kūlana i kapa ʻia ʻo acidosis (hoʻonui ʻia ka acidity i loko o ke koko). Hiki i kēia ke hana i ka nausea, ka luaʻi ʻana, ka luhi, ka hanu wikiwiki a hohonu, a me ka huikau. Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia kēia me ka hoʻonui a i ʻole ka emi ʻana o ka potassium.
• Inā pili pū me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka potassium: Hiki ke loaʻa nā pilikia puʻupaʻa koʻikoʻi a i ʻole ka hāʻule ʻana o ka puʻupaʻa.
• Hiki ke pili ka hemahema o ka potassium me ka maʻi pākī, ka liki ʻana o ka wai pancreatic, a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe o ke ala mimi.
• Hypochloremia : ʻO kēia ke kumu e lilo ai ke koko i alkaline loa (alkalosis). Hana pinepine ʻia kēia me ka hyponatremia a i ʻole ka luaʻi ʻana. Hiki i nā hōʻailona ke komo pū me ka apathy, ka huikau, nā arrhythmias, ka ʻūlū ʻana o nā ʻiʻo, a i ʻole ka nalowale o ka mana.

ʻO ka posapahate (-)

He molekole ka Phosphate i loaʻa ka phosphorus. He mea nui ia no ka lawe ʻana i nā kemika a me nā molekole i waho o nā pūnaewele. Kōkua ia i nā pūnaewele e hoʻopili i nā meaʻai. He ʻāpana koʻikoʻi nō hoʻi ia o nā molekole i kapa ʻia ʻo nucleotides e hana ana i kā mākou DNA.

• Hyperphosphatemia : Hana pinepine ʻia kēia me ka hypocalcemia, ʻoiai ke hoʻāʻo nei ke kino e hoʻohana i ka calcium ma kahi o ka phosphorus. ʻAʻole paha e ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona a hiki i ka wā e koʻikoʻi ai. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka nele o ka calcium me kēia. Hiki ke pili pū ʻia ka ʻōpala nui me kēia.
• Hypophosphatemia : ʻO ka hōʻailona mua o kēia ka nāwaliwali o nā ʻiʻo. Ke ʻoi aku ka ʻino o ke kūlana, hiki ke loaʻa nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi e like me ka rhabdomyolysis (ka haki ʻana o nā ʻiʻo, hiki ke hōʻeha nui i nā puʻupaʻa), nā hopu ʻana , ka emi ʻana o ka hana o ka puʻuwai, a me ka paʻakikī o ka hanu ʻana (ma muli o ka nāwaliwali o nā ʻiʻo).

Pāpaʻakai (-)

ʻAʻole nā ​​​​kāpena kalapona ʻokikene a ko mākou kino e hana ai e hele i nā māmā a hoʻokuʻu ʻia i waho. Hoʻohana hou ʻia kekahi e hana i ka bicarbonate. ʻO kēia bicarbonate ka mea e kōkua ai i ka mālama ʻana i ka pH o ko mākou koko.

• ʻAcidosis : Inā emi nā pae bicarbonate, lilo ke koko i ʻakika. Hiki i kēia ke hana i ka luhi, ka nausea, ka luaʻi ʻana, ka hanu wikiwiki a hohonu, a me ka huikau.
• Alkalosis : Inā piʻi ka pae bicarbonate, lilo ke koko i alkaline. Hiki i kēia ke hana i ka huikau, ka apathy, nā puʻuwai puʻuwai kūpono ʻole (arrhythmias), a me nā ʻehaʻeha o nā ʻiʻo.

He aha nā hoʻokolohua e kōkua i ka ʻike ʻana i nā pilikia electrolyte?

Aia nā ʻano hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua like ʻole e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e ʻike i nā hemahema electrolyte. ʻO ka hoʻāʻo mua i hana pinepine ʻia he hoʻāʻo laulā, e like me ka metabolic panel. Inā ʻokoʻa nā hopena, hiki i kāu kauka ke kauoha i nā hoʻokolohua kūikawā hou aʻe. He mea nui kēia mau hoʻokolohua no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke kōkua i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke kumu o ka hemahema electrolyte a hāʻawi i ka lāʻau kūpono.

Nā hoʻokolohua ākea

ʻO kēia nā hoʻāʻo koko:

• Papa Metabolic Kumu (BMP) : Nānā kēia i nā kaʻina hana like ʻole i loko o ke kino.
• BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen). Hiki i kēia ke hāʻawi i kahi manaʻo o ka hana o nā puʻupaʻa a me ka maloʻo ʻana.
• ʻO ke kaulike wai a me nā pae electrolyte e like me ka sodium, potassium, carbon dioxide, a me ka chloride.
• Ka pae kō koko. Inā hana ʻia i ka wā e hoʻokē ʻai ai, hiki iā ia ke hōʻike i ka maʻi diabetes a i ʻole ka prediabetes.
• ʻO ka Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) : Ua like kēia me ka `BMP`, akā ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā ʻikepili hou aku.
• Nā pae kalipuna.
• nā pae albumin (kahi protein i hana ʻia e ke akepaʻa).
• Nā pae protein koko holoʻokoʻa.
• ʻO Bilirubin (kahi kemika i hana ʻia i loko o ke akepaʻa).
• ʻO nā pae enzyme i kapa ʻia ʻo aspartate aminotransferase (AST) a me alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (pili kēia i ka hana o ke akepaʻa).
• Panel Electrolyte : Ua like kēia me nā 'Metabolic Panels' i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, akā nānā wale kēia i nā electrolytes. Hoʻopili ia i ka sodium, chloride, potassium, a me ka bicarbonate.

Nā hoʻokolohua kikoʻī hou aku

ʻO kekahi mau hoʻokolohua kikoʻī no nā pilikia electrolyte:

• Hoʻāʻo koko Aldosterone: Hoʻāʻo kēia no kahi hormone kūikawā i hana ʻia e nā puʻupaʻa.
• Hoʻāʻo koko anion gap: Hoʻohālikelike i nā pae o nā electrolytes i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia a me nā electrolytes i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻole ʻia.
• Hoʻāʻo Hormone Antidiuretic (koko) / hoʻāʻo ADH: Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia kēia hormone.
• Hoʻāʻo koko kalapona ʻokikene: Ana i ka nui o ke kalapona ʻokikene i loko o ke koko.
• Nā hoʻāʻo koko a me ka mimi kaʻawale no nā electrolytes like ʻole (chloride, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium).
• Hoʻāʻo osmolality koko: Hana ʻia kēia inā manaʻo ʻia ka dehydration, overhydration, a i ʻole ka lāʻau make.
• Hoʻāʻo osmolality mimi: Nānā i ke kaulike wai.
• Hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka nui o ka mimi: Hoʻāʻo kēia i ka hana o nā puʻupaʻa.

Pehea lā ke ʻano o ka hōʻike hoʻāʻo aʻu e loaʻa ai?

Hoʻokomo pū ka nui o nā hōʻike lab i kahi "pae kuhikuhi" me kāu mau hopena. Loaʻa i kēia kahi palena kiʻekiʻe a me lalo. Inā aia kāu hopena ma waena o kēia mau palena ʻelua, ua manaʻo ʻia he hopena "maʻamau".

ʻO ka maʻamau, hāʻawi ʻia kēia mau hopena ma ke ʻano o "ka nui o ka mea i nīnau ʻia i loko o kahi hāpana."

• Milimol (mmol/L) : ʻO kēia ke anakahi i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia.
• Nā Milliequivalents (mEq/L) : Hoʻohana ʻia kēia i kekahi manawa.
• Milligrams no ka deciliter (mg/dL) : Hoʻohana ʻia kēia no kekahi mau molekala nui.

ʻOiai paha he mea paʻakikī iki kēia mau anakahi ana, e maopopo maikaʻi ana kāu kauka iā lākou. ʻO ka mea nui loa, inā paha i loko o ka pae maʻamau a i ʻole ma waho o ia kāu mau hopena.

He aha nā pae maʻamau no nā pae electrolyte?

Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia electrolyte kahi pae maʻamau no ke koko a me ka mimi. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa iki kēia mau pae mai ka lab a i ka lab. Hiki nō hoʻi ke ʻokoʻa ma muli o kou makahiki a me kou olakino. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kamaʻilio ʻana me kāu kauka e loaʻa kahi heluhelu pololei ma kāu mau hopena.

Ua maikaʻi anei nā mea a pau inā hoʻi mai kahi hopena maʻamau? He pilikia mau anei kahi hopena maʻamau ʻole?

He nīnau koʻikoʻi loa kēia. ʻAʻole like nā kānaka a pau. I kekahi manawa, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kāu mau hopena ma waho o ka pae maʻamau, akā ʻaʻole paha ʻoe e loaʻa i kekahi pilikia. I kekahi manawa, ʻoiai inā maʻamau nā hopena, hiki i kāu mau hōʻailona a me nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe ke hōʻike he pilikia olakino kou.

E noʻonoʻo i kekahi i loko o kahi circus e milo ana i kahi pā ma luna o kahi pou. Inā hilinaʻi nui ka pā i kekahi ʻaoʻao, e hāʻule ia. He mea nui loa ke kaulike. Aia kou mau pae electrolyte a me nā hopena hoʻāʻo ma ia ʻano kaulike. Ke hoʻāʻo mau nei ko mākou kino e mālama i kēia kaulike e like me ka hiki iā lākou. I kekahi manawa, hiki i ke kino ke kōkua i hoʻokahi ʻōnaehana ma ke kōkua ʻana i kekahi, a hiki ke hūnā ʻia kahi pilikia i ʻole e ʻike ʻia ma luna. E hana ke kauka i kekahi mau hoʻāʻo e ʻike inā ke hūnā nei ke kino i hoʻokahi pilikia a hana i kekahi.

Āhea wau e ʻike ai i nā hopena o ka hoʻāʻo?

Hiki i kāu kauka a i ʻole kāna limahana ke haʻi iā ʻoe i ka lōʻihi o ka manawa e loaʻa ai kāu mau hopena hoʻāʻo. Hāʻawi koke kekahi mau hoʻokolohua i nā hopena, aʻo kekahi e hala paha i kekahi mau lā.

Āhea wau e kāhea aku ai i kaʻu kauka?

• Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e maopopo i kāu mau hopena hoʻāʻo.
• Inā ʻaʻole ma waho o ka pae maʻamau ka hopena, he mau nīnau a hopohopo paha kāu e pili ana i ia mea.
• Inā ʻike ʻoe i kahi loli koke i nā hōʻailona e pili ana i kāu mau pae electrolyte.

Ma ke kūlana e like me kēia , he mea naʻauao ke kamaʻilio me ke kauka me ka hoʻonele ʻole i ka manawa.

Leka Lawe-Home

He mea nui nā electrolytes no ka hana ʻana o ko kākou kino. Hoʻopilikia lākou i nā mea āpau mai ke ʻano o ko kākou omo ʻana i ka wai a hiki i ke ʻano o ka paʻi ʻana o ko kākou puʻuwai. Kōkua pū nā hoʻāʻo electrolyte i nā kauka e ʻike i nā maʻi like ʻole a me nā pilikia olakino.

No laila, ʻo ka ʻike ʻana i nā electrolytes a me nā pilikia e kū mai me lākou e kōkua iā ʻoe e mālama iā ʻoe iho a pale i nā pilikia olakino i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Ma kēlā ala, hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama i kāu mau pae electrolyte a ola i kahi ola olakino. Ua maopopo iā ʻoe? Inā he mau nīnau hou kāu e pili ana i kēia, mai makaʻu e nīnau i kāu kauka.

Nā electrolytes, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, nā wai o ke kino, ka hoʻouka uila