E aʻo wale kākou e pili ana i ka Anterior Pituitary Gland (Adenohypophysis): ke aliʻi liʻiliʻi i loko o ko kākou lolo!

Ua noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe i ka nui o ka hana a kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ko kākou kino? ʻO kekahi wahi kupaianaha ʻo ia ka ʻōpū pituitary mua a kākou e kamaʻilio nei i kēia lā. Ua kapa pū kekahi poʻe iā ia ʻo "Adenohypophysis". E like me ke alakaʻi o kahi hui mele, ʻo kēia ʻōpū ke kuleana no ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā hormones e kāohi ana i nā hana koʻikoʻi o ke kino.

No laila, he aha kēia ʻāpana pituitary mua?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo kēia ka ʻāpana mua o kou kelepa pituitary. ʻO ka kelepa pituitary kahi kelepa liʻiliʻi e like me ka nui o ka pī, aia ma ke kumu o kou lolo, ma lalo pono o ka hypothalamus. He ʻāpana kēia o kāu ʻōnaehana endocrine. ʻO ia hoʻi, ka ʻāpana e kaohi ana i ka hana o nā kelepa like ʻole i loko o ke kino.

E noʻonoʻo he ʻelua ʻāpana o kāu kelepa pituitary: ʻo ka lobe mua (ʻo ia ka kelepa pituitary mua a mākou e kamaʻilio nei i kēia lā) a me ka lobe hope. ʻO kēia lobe mua ka mea e hana ai ma kahi o ʻeono (6) mau hormones a hoʻokuʻu iā lākou i loko o ke kino. ʻO kēia mau hormones ka mea a ko mākou kino:

• Ka ulu ʻana (ulu mākou)
• ʻO ka Metabolism (ka hana ʻana o ke kino i ka ikehu, ka puhi ʻana i nā mea)
• Ka hānau keiki (hiki ke loaʻa nā keiki)
• Ke pane ʻana i ke kaumaha
• Ka hānai waiū (no nā makuahine)

He nui nā mea nui i kāohi ʻia. ʻOiai he liʻiliʻi ʻo ia, he kanaka hana nui a mana hoʻi ʻo ia!

No laila, he aha nā hormones kikoʻī i hana ʻia e ka ʻōpū pituitary mua?

ʻEono mau hormones nui e hana ana i kēia haku liʻiliʻi. E nānā kākou i ko lākou ʻano a me kā lākou hana.

1. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH): ʻO kēia ka mea e hoʻoulu ai i kāu mau kelepa adrenal e hana i ka cortisol, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka "hormone stress," a me nā hormones ʻē aʻe. He mea nui loa kēia i nā manawa pilikia, e like me ka wā e makaʻu ai ʻoe.

2. ʻO ka hormone hoʻouluulu follicle (FSH): I nā kāne, hoʻoulu ia i nā testicles e hana i ka sperm. I nā wahine, hoʻoulu ia i nā ovaries e hoʻomāhuahua i nā hua, hoʻomākaukau iā lākou no ka ovulation, a hana i ka hormone estrogen.

3. Luteinizing Hormone (LH): Inā he wahine ʻoe, hoʻoulu ka LH i nā ovaries e hana i ka progesterone. Inā he kāne ʻoe, hoʻoulu ia i ka hana ʻana o ka testosterone.

4. ʻO ka Hormone Ulu Kanaka (HGH): He mea nui kēia no ka ulu ʻana o nā keiki ʻōpio. Kōkua ia iā lākou e ulu lōʻihi a hoʻomohala i ke kino ʻiʻo. I nā pākeke, kōkua ia i ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻiʻo a me nā iwi olakino, a hoʻohuli i ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i ka momona o ke kino.

5. Prolactin:Hoʻoulu kēia hormone i ka hana ʻana o ka waiū ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o ka makuahine i kahi pēpē. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻopilikia i ke kaʻina hana menstrual, ka momona (ka hiki ke loaʻa nā keiki), a me ka hana moekolohe.

6. ʻO ka hormone hoʻoulu thyroid (TSH): ʻO kēia ka mea e haʻi aku i kou kelepa thyroid e hana a hoʻokuʻu i kāna mau hormones ponoʻī. He mea nui nā hormones thyroid no ka mālama ʻana i ka wikiwiki o ka metabolic o ko mākou kino.

ʻIke ʻoe, ehia mau hana like ʻole e hiki ke hana ʻia ma kēia wahi liʻiliʻi!

Pehea e hana ai ka ʻaoʻao mua o ka pituitary gland me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe?

Ua pili pono kou ʻōpū pituitary mua i kahi ʻāpana o kou lolo i kapa ʻia ʻo ka hypothalamus. Hoʻokuʻu ka hypothalamus i nā "hormone hoʻokuʻu" a me nā "hormone pale" e like me ka somatostatin a me ka dopamine i loko o ke kahe koko ma o ka pituitary duct (kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi e like me ka paipu e hoʻopili ai i ka lolo a me ka pituitary gland). Hoʻoulu kēia mau hormones hoʻokuʻu a kāohi paha i ka hana ʻana o nā hormones e ka ʻōpū pituitary mua. Ua like ka hypothalamus a me ka ʻōpū pituitary mua me ʻelua mau kānaka e kamaʻilio mau ana kekahi i kekahi a hoʻololi i ka ʻike.

Ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā hormones mai ka anterior pituitary gland, launa pū lākou me nā ʻōpū ʻē aʻe, nā glands, a me nā ʻiʻo i loko o ko mākou kino a hoʻopilikia iā lākou. Eia kekahi laʻana:

• ʻO ko mākou mau iwi, nā ʻiʻo, a me nā ʻōpū kūloko ʻē aʻe
• Nā ʻōpū adrenal
• ʻO ke Kelepona Thyroid
• ʻO nā ovaries a me nā testicles (ʻo ia hoʻi, nā kelepa hānau)
• Nā kelepa mammary (nā kelepa hana waiū)

Aia ma hea pololei kēia ʻāpana pituitary mua?

E like me kā mākou i ʻōlelo ai ma mua, aia kou pituitary gland ma ke kumu o kou lolo, ma hope o ke alahaka o kou ihu, ma lalo pono o ka "Hypothalamus." Aia ia i loko o kahi keʻena liʻiliʻi, a i ʻole ʻeke, i loko o kahi iwi i loko o kou iwi poʻo i kapa ʻia ʻo ka iwi sphenoid. Ua kapa nā kauka i kēia ʻo "Sella Turcica."

ʻElua lobes o kou pituitary gland e pili ana kekahi i kekahi. Aia ka anterior pituitary gland ma ke alo, e kū pono ana i mua o kou poʻo. Aia ka posterior pituitary gland ma ke kua. Akā, ʻo ka mea kupanaha, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka anterior pituitary gland ma mua o ka posterior. Ma kahi o 80% o ke kaumaha o ka pituitary gland holoʻokoʻa ma kēia ʻāpana mua.

He aha nā pilikia e hiki mai ana me ka ʻaoʻao mua o ka pituitary gland?

Ma muli o ka hana ʻana o kēia gland i nā hormones koʻikoʻi he nui, hiki i nā pilikia me ia ke alakaʻi i nā ʻano pilikia olakino like ʻole. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia mau pilikia i ʻelua mau ʻāpana:

1. Hypopituitarism: ʻO ke ʻano kēia, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā hormones i hana ʻia e ka pituitary gland ma mua o ka mea e pono ai.

2. Hyperpituitarism:ʻO ia hoʻi, ke hana nei ka pituitary gland i nā hormones hou aʻe ma mua o ka mea e pono ai.

Aia kekahi mau kumu nui e kū pinepine ai kēia mau kūlana ʻelua:

• ʻO nā ʻōpū pituitary gland (adenomas): He mau ʻōpū ʻaʻole cancerous (benign) kēia.
• Ka hōʻino ʻana i ka ʻōpū pituitary mua, hypothalamus, a i ʻole ka ʻōpū pituitary: Hiki ke hana kēia mai kahi ulia, maʻi, a i ʻole ke kahe koko (e.g., pituitary apoplexy).
• Nā kūlana hoʻoilina: No ka laʻana, nā kūlana e like me `(Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia - MEN)`.

ʻO kekahi mau kūlana i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka `Hypopituitarism` (ka nele o ka hormone):

ʻO ka nele o hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha o nā hormones e hiki ke hana i nā kūlana e like me:

• ʻO ka lawa ʻole o ka adrenal lua: Ka hana pono ʻole o nā kelepa adrenal ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ka hormone ACTH.
• Ka hemahema o ka hormone ulu (GHD): Ka emi ʻana o nā pae o ka hormone HGH. I ka poʻe pōkole, hiki ke hoʻopaneʻe ʻia ka ulu ʻana.
• ʻO ka hypogonadism waena: Ka emi ʻana o ka hana ʻana o nā hormones wahine mai nā kelepa hānau (ovaries a i ʻole testicles) ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ka pae o FSH a/a i ʻole LH.
• Hypothyroidism waena: Hypothyroidism ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ka hormone TSH.

ʻO kekahi mau kūlana i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka 'Hyperpituitarism' (hoʻonui ʻia nā pae hormone):

ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha o nā hormones e hiki ke hana i nā kūlana e like me:

• Acromegaly: He maʻi laha ʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka HGH nui i nā pākeke. I kēia kūlana, ulu ʻē nā iwi a me nā ʻiʻo.
• Gigantism: He keiki a ʻōpio paha i loaʻa i nā pae kiʻekiʻe loa o ka hormone HGH. He mea kākaʻikahi loa nō hoʻi kēia.
• ʻO ka maʻi Cushing: ʻO ka hana nui ʻana o ka hormone ACTH ke kumu o ka hana ʻana o nā kelepa adrenal i ka cortisol keu. He ʻano maʻi kēia i kapa ʻia ʻo Cushing's syndrome.
• Hyperprolactinemia: Hana nui ʻia ka hormone prolactin.
• Hyperthyroidism waena: Ka hana nui ʻana o ka thyroid ma muli o ka hana nui ʻana o TSH. He kumu kakaikahi loa kēia o ka hyperthyroidism.

E aʻo iki kākou e pili ana i nā Pituitary Adenomas.

He puʻupuʻu ka pituitary adenoma e ulu ana i loko o kou kelepa pituitary. Akā, mai hopohopo, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka manawa he mau puʻupuʻu ulu lohi kēia, ʻaʻole kanesa (benign).

Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kēia mau adenomas ke hoʻokuke i nā pūnaewele pituitary maʻamau a pale iā lākou mai ka hana pono ʻana. Hiki i kēia ke hana i ka "Hypopituitarism" (hana hormone haʻahaʻa), ʻoiai inā nui ka puʻupuʻu. I kekahi manawa, hiki i kēia mau puʻupuʻu ke hana i nā hormones keu, hiki ke hana i ka "Hyperpituitarism" (hana hormone kiʻekiʻe).

Aia kekahi mau ʻano o nā adenomas pituitary mua e hana ana i ka hormone (hana):

• Prolactinoma: Hoʻopuka i ka hormone prolactin keu. ʻO kēia ke ʻano maʻamau o ka adenoma pituitary.
• Somatotroph adenoma: Hoʻopuka nui loa i ka hormone ulu (GH).
• Corticotroph adenoma: Hoʻopuka i ka hormone ACTH keu.
• Thyrotroph adenoma: Hoʻopuka nui kēia i ka hormone TSH.
• Gonadotroph adenoma: Hoʻopuka i nā hormones LH a me FSH keu.

Aia kekahi mau hoʻokolohua e hiki ai ke nānā inā olakino koʻu anterior pituitary gland?

ʻAe, inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona o kahi pilikia me ka anterior pituitary gland, e kauoha paha kāu kauka e nānā ʻia nā pae hormone. ʻO kēia mau mea he mau hoʻāʻo koko .

Inā hōʻike nā hopena o kāu hoʻāʻo koko i kekahi mea ʻē, hiki i kāu kauka ke kuhikuhi i kahi mea e like me ka MRI scan e nānā i kāu gland pituitary.

No laila, he aha kā mākou e hana ai e mālama i ke olakino o kēia ʻāpana pituitary mua?

ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke pale mau i kēia mau pilikia o ka pituitary gland. Akā, hoʻokahi mea nui hiki iā ʻoe ke hana, ʻo ia ka mālama ʻana i kou poʻo. Hiki i nā ʻeha poʻo, ʻoiai nā ʻeha lolo traumatic (TBIs), ke hōʻino i kāu pituitary gland. Inā hana ʻia kēlā, hiki iā ia ke hana i nā hormones he nui a liʻiliʻi paha.

Eia kekahi mau mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hana e pale aku i nā ʻeha poʻo a me ka lolo:

• E kau mau i ke kāʻei noho i ka wā e holo ana i loko o ke kaʻa.
• E kalaiwa me ke akahele.
• E komo i ka mahiole i ka wā e holo paikikala ai, mokokaikala, a i ʻole e pāʻani ana i nā haʻuki ikaika.
• E hana i nā hana e pale aku ai i ka hāʻule ʻana, ʻoiai inā he nui kou pilikia no ka hāʻule ʻana. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i nā mea e like me ka wehe ʻana i nā mea keakea mai kou home, hoʻohana i kahi mea kōkua hele wāwae, a mālama i kou ʻike maka.
• Inā he mau keiki liʻiliʻi kāu, e mālama pono i ko lākou mau wahi pāʻani.

E hoʻomanaʻo: He ʻōkana liʻiliʻi akā ikaika kou ʻōpū pituitary mua e hana ana i nā ʻano hormones like ʻole e hoʻopilikia i nā ʻano he nui o ko kākou olakino.

ʻO ka mea hope loa, nā mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai

No laila, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ke koʻikoʻi o kēia gland pituitary mua i loko o ko mākou kino. Ma muli o kēlā, hiki ke paʻakikī iki i kekahi manawa ke hoʻomaopopo pono inā paha kekahi mau hōʻailona ma muli o kahi pilikia me kēia gland pituitary a i ʻole kekahi mea ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka mea nui loa, inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi mau hōʻailona hou ʻē, a inā paha ʻoe e hopohopo nei e pili ana i kahi hōʻailona āu i loaʻa mua ai, e ʻike pono i ke kauka a kamaʻilio e pili ana.Hiki iā lākou ke hana i kekahi mau hoʻokolohua maʻalahi e nānā i kou olakino. Inā he pilikia, hiki ke ʻike koke ʻia a mālama ʻia.

ʻO ka pituitary mua, adenohypophysis, hormones, pituitary gland, lolo, ʻōnaehana endocrine, nā maʻi pituitary