Ua nānā ʻia kou hemoglobin? E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i ka hoʻāʻo Hemoglobin Electrophoresis!

Aloha! I kēia lā, e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kahi hoʻāʻo koko i mea hou iki paha iā ʻoe, akā he mea nui loa ia i ka ʻike ʻana i kekahi mau maʻi. He hoʻāʻo kēia i kapa ʻia ʻo Hemoglobin Electrophoresis . Malia paha ua noi kāu kauka iā ʻoe e hana i kēia hoʻāʻo, a ua lohe paha ʻoe i kēia inoa ma kekahi wahi. ʻOiai he lōʻihi iki ka inoa, mai makaʻu! He maʻalahi loa ia. E kamaʻilio maopopo mākou e pili ana i nā mea āpau ma kēia ʻatikala i kēia lā.

He aha ka Hemoglobin Electrophoresis?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he ʻano hana kēia no ka nānā ʻana i kahi protein i kapa ʻia ʻo hemoglobin i loko o ko kākou mau ʻulaʻula koko. E hoʻomanaʻo paha ʻoe he protein koʻikoʻi ka hemoglobin e lawe ana i ka oxygen ma o ko kākou kino a hāʻawi i nā ʻulaʻula koko i ko lākou kala ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka hana kūpono o kēia hemoglobin e kāohi ʻia e ko kākou mau genes.

Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi manawa, hiki ke loaʻa kekahi mau loli, a i ʻole nā ​​mutations, i loko o nā genes e kaohi ana i ka hemoglobin. Ke hana ʻia kēia, ma kahi o nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula olakino, hoʻomaka nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula i hōʻino ʻia a hana ʻole. Hoʻopau koke kēia mau hunaola i hōʻino ʻia, hiki ke alakaʻi i nā kūlana e like me ka anemia , a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ke koko e like me ka anemia cell sickle a me ka thalassemias .

No laila, ʻo kēia hoʻāʻo hemoglobin electrophoresis e hiki ai i nā kauka ke ʻike inā loaʻa kēlā mau kūlana. Eia kekahi, ʻo kēia hoʻāʻo kekahi o nā hoʻāʻo liʻiliʻi i hana ʻia ma nā pēpē hānau hou. Kōkua ia i ka ʻike mua ʻana i nā maʻi kakaikahi akā hiki ke koʻikoʻi e like me ka anemia cell sickle.

He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka hoʻāʻo hemoglobin a me ka electrophoresis hemoglobin?

ʻO kēia nō hoʻi kahi e huikau ai ka poʻe he nui. ʻO ka hoʻāʻo hemoglobin maʻamau ke ana i ka nui o ka hemoglobin i loko o kou mau hunaola koko ʻulaʻula. ʻO ia hoʻi, nānā ia inā haʻahaʻa, kiʻekiʻe, a maʻamau paha kou hemoglobin.

Eia nō naʻe, hana ka hoʻāʻo hemoglobin electrophoresis i kahi mea hohonu ma mua o kēlā. Hoʻopili ia i nā ʻano hemoglobin like ʻole i loko o kou mau ʻulaʻula koko, a me ka nui o kēlā me kēia ʻano i loaʻa. Maopopo iā ʻoe ka ʻokoʻa? Nānā kekahi i ka nui, nānā kekahi i nā ʻano a me nā nui o kēlā mau ʻano.

No laila, he aha kēia mau ʻano hemoglobin?

Hoʻoikaika pinepine nā kauka i ʻehā mau ʻano nui o ka hemoglobin i kēia hoʻāʻo. E aʻo iki kākou e pili ana iā lākou.

• Hemoglobin A1 a me A2 (HgbA1 a me HgbA2): ʻO kēia ʻano hemoglobin, i kapa ʻia ʻo hemoglobin A1, ʻo ia ke ʻano nui loa i loko o nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula o kahi pākeke olakino. He ʻano liʻiliʻi ʻo Hemoglobin A2, e hana ana ma kahi o 2% a 3% o ka hemoglobin holoʻokoʻa. Ua kapa ʻia hoʻi kēia mau mea he "hemoglobins pākeke."

• Hemoglobin F (HgbF): Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻo "Fetal Hemoglobin"E like me ka inoa e hōʻike nei, loaʻa kēia ʻano HgbF i loko o nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula o nā ʻōpū, nā pēpē hānau hou, a me nā keiki a hiki i kahi o 3 mau makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke lilo i mea maʻamau ke loaʻa kahi pae kiʻekiʻe loa o HgbF ma mua o ka maʻamau i loko o ke koko o kahi pākeke.

• Hemoglobin S (HgbS): ʻO kēia ʻano hemoglobin kahi hiʻohiʻona nui o ka anemia cell sickle . ʻO ka anemia cell sickle kahi maʻi koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka hui o nā maʻi cell sickle . He mea maʻamau kēia ʻano i nā poʻe o ka hanauna ʻApelika . Hoʻololi ʻo HgbS i nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula i ke ʻano sickle, hiki ke ālai i nā kīʻaha koko.

• Hemoglobin C (HgbC): Pili kēia ʻano hemoglobin me kahi kūlana i kapa ʻia ʻo ka anemia hemolytic . He kūlana kēia e luku koke ʻia ai nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula ma mua o nā hunaola maʻamau a i ʻole e hoʻopōkole ʻia ko lākou ola. E like me ka anemia cell sickle, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o kēia kūlana HgbC i nā poʻe o ka hanauna ʻApelika .

I kēia manawa ua maopopo iā ʻoe he nui nā ʻano hemoglobin, a he mau hana a me nā hopena kikoʻī ko kēlā me kēia ʻano.

Pehea e hana ʻia ai kēia hoʻāʻo? Pehea e lawe ʻia ai ke koko?

No ka hana ʻana i kēia hoʻāʻo, pono wale mākou i kahi hāpana koko. E nā kauka, aia kekahi mau ala e lawe ai i kēia hāpana koko. E nānā kākou i ke ʻano o lākou.

1. Ka huki ʻana o ke koko vena

ʻO kēia ke ʻano maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia e hōʻiliʻili i ke koko mai nā pākeke a me nā keiki makua. Ua hāʻawi paha ʻoe i ke koko ma kēia ʻano.

• ʻO ka mea mua, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ke kahu maʻi a kauka paha i ka wahi i loaʻa ai kou aʻa koko ma kou lima me ka waiʻona.
• A laila, kau lākou i kahi tourniquet ma kou lima a hoʻopaʻa iā ia, a noi iā ʻoe e ʻomi i kou lima. E maʻalahi kēia i nā aa koko ke ʻike a maʻalahi hoʻi ke huki ʻana i ke koko.
• A laila, hoʻokomo ke kahu maʻi i kahi nila i loko o ke aʻa. I kēia manawa, e ʻike paha ʻoe i kahi ʻeha iki, e like me ke nahu ʻia ʻana e kahi ʻanuʻu. Akā he mau kekona wale nō ia.
• E hōʻiliʻili i ka nui o ke koko e pono ai i loko o kahi ʻōmole liʻiliʻi a hoʻouna aku i ka hale hana no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana.
• Ma hope o ke kaha ʻia ʻana o ke koko, ua hoʻopili ʻia kahi palaki liʻiliʻi ma kahi i hoʻokomo ʻia ai ke kui. Hiki ke ʻeha iki ka wahi a hiki ke lilo i polū no kekahi mau lā. He mea maʻamau kēia, mai hopohopo.

2. Lāʻau manamana lima

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kēia ʻano hana e lawe i ke koko mai nā keiki ʻōpio.

• ʻO kēia ke komo ʻana i ka piko o ka manamana lima o ke keiki me kahi mea liʻiliʻi a lawe i kekahi mau kulu koko.
• Hoʻokomo ʻia ke koko ma kahi ʻāpana hoʻāʻo i hana kūikawā ʻia a i ʻole i loko o kahi ʻōmole liʻiliʻi.
• I kekahi manawa, aia nā mea hana e hiki ke hōʻiliʻili i ke koko a waiho i ka manawa like. He ala wikiwiki a maʻalahi loa kēia.

3. Lāʻau kuʻekuʻe wāwae

Hana ʻia kēia ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka nānā ʻana i ke olakino o ka pēpē hānau hou. Hana pinepine ʻia kēia hoʻāʻo i loko o 48 mau hola o ka hānau ʻana o ka pēpē.

• I loko o kēia, ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi nila liʻiliʻi i loko o ka ʻaoʻao lalo o ke kuʻekuʻe wāwae o ke pēpē a loaʻa kekahi mau kulu koko.
• I kēia manawa, hiki i ka makuahine a i ʻole ka makuakāne ke hāpai i ka pēpē. A laila e ʻoluʻolu pū ka pēpē.
• Hoʻiliʻili ʻia ke koko a hoʻouna ʻia i ka hale hana ma hope o ke kāpala ʻia ʻana ma kahi ʻāpana pepa.
• Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau hoʻokolohua e nānā i nā pēpē hou no nā hōʻailona o nā kūlana kakaikahi akā hiki ke mālama ʻia e like me ka anemia cell sickle, ʻo ia hoʻi he mau ʻano hemoglobin maʻamau ʻole ko lākou.

Pehea e kālailai ʻia ai kēia hāpana koko ma ka hale hana hoʻokolohua?

ʻAe, i kēia manawa ua lawe mākou i ka hāpana koko. He aha ka mea e hana aʻe? Ma ka lab, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia mau ʻano hemoglobin a ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano hoihoi loa. Ua kapa ʻia kēlā me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā uku uila . Loaʻa i nā ʻano nui o ka hemoglobin nā uku uila like ʻole.

Eia ke ʻano o ka hana maʻamau o kēia hoʻāʻo:

• ʻO ka mea mua, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula mai ka hāpana koko a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia. Hoʻokomo ʻia kēia hāpana hunaola koko ʻulaʻula i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma kahi kaha kūikawā, e like me kahi kaha cellulose .
• A laila, ua kau ʻia ke kaha e loaʻa ana ka hāpana i loko o kahi mīkini i kapa ʻia he keʻena electrophoresis . Hoʻoili kēia mīkini i kahi au uila ma o ka hāpana.
• I ka pane ʻana i ke au uila, hoʻokaʻawale nā ​​ʻano hemoglobin me nā uku uila like ʻole kekahi i kekahi a neʻe ma ke kaha ma nā wikiwiki like ʻole.
• I ka hopena, ʻike ʻia kēia mau ʻano hemoglobin i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma ke ʻano he mau kāʻei kala like ʻole ma ke kaha.
• ʻO ka mea aʻe, hoʻohālikelike nā loea lapaʻau i kēia mau hopena hoʻāʻo me nā hopena o kahi hāpana hemoglobin maʻamau mai kahi kanaka olakino.
• Inā ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole haʻahaʻa loa ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi ʻano hemoglobin ma mua o ka maʻamau, hiki iā ia ke hōʻailona o kahi maʻi koko. No ka laʻana, inā ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o kou ʻano hemoglobin S (HgbS) mai ka HgbS o ke kanaka maʻamau, hiki iā ia ke hōʻailona he anemia cell sickle kou.

E noʻonoʻo i kēia ʻano, e like me ke kiola ʻana i nā ʻiliʻili o nā kaumaha like ʻole i loko o kahi kahawai wai, hele nā ​​​​ʻiliʻili i nā mamao like ʻole ma muli o ko lākou kaumaha. Maanei, hana ka uila e like me kēlā "kahawai wai."

He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka isoelectric focusing (IEF) a me ka electrophoresis?

ʻO ka Isoelectric focusing (IEF) kekahi ʻano hana i hoʻohana ʻia e ʻike i nā ʻano hemoglobin ʻē. Hoʻohana ʻo IEF a me electrophoresis i nā au uila e hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻano hemoglobin. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau ʻokoʻa loea ma waena o nā ʻano ʻelua. I kekahi manawa, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano ʻelua e ʻike pololei i nā ʻano hemoglobin.

ʻEhia ka lōʻihi o ka hōʻea ʻana mai o ka hōʻike?

Hiki ke hala ma kahi o hoʻokahi hola ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka hoʻokolohua ma ka lab. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke hala kekahi mau lā no kāu kauka e loaʻa ai nā hopena, e nānā hou iā lākou, a wehewehe iā lākou iā ʻoe. No laila, mai manaʻo e loaʻa koke ka hōʻike ma hope o ka hoʻokolohua. E haʻi aku ke kauka iā ʻoe i ka lā e pono ai ʻoe e hele mai e hōʻiliʻili i ka hōʻike.

He aha ke ʻano o kaʻu hōʻike? Pehea wau e maopopo ai?

ʻO kēia ka mea nui loa. E papa inoa kāu hōʻike hemoglobin electrophoresis i kekahi mau pae no kēlā me kēia ʻano hemoglobin. No ka laʻana, inā ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o kou pae hemoglobin F (HgbF) ma mua o ka maʻamau, he hōʻailona paha ia o kekahi ʻano thalassemia.

Akā, pono ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo maikaʻi i kēia:

Mai hoʻoholo i kekahi maʻi ma muli o nā helu i loko o ka hōʻike. Hoʻokahi wale nō ʻāpana o ka hōʻailona. ʻO ke kanaka maikaʻi loa e hoʻomaopopo pono i ka mea i loko o kāu hōʻike a pehea e pili ai i kou olakino ʻo ia kāu kauka . E noʻonoʻo ʻo ia i nā mea āpau mai kāu mau hōʻailona, ​​​​nā hopena hoʻāʻo ʻē aʻe, a me kāu mōʻaukala olakino e hana i kahi hōʻailona pololei.

Inā he mau mea ʻē i loko o kaʻu hōʻike, pono anei iaʻu e kāhea aku i ke kauka?

ʻAe, ʻoiaʻiʻo nō. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kēia hoʻāʻo hemoglobin electrophoresis ma muli o kekahi mau hōʻailona (e.g., luhi pinepine, keʻokeʻo, ka pōkole o ka hanu), pono ʻoe e ʻike koke i kāu kauka e kūkākūkā i nā hopena o ka hōʻike.

Hāʻawi kahi hoʻāʻo hemoglobin electrophoresis iā mākou i kahi kiʻi o nā ʻano hemoglobin i loko o kou koko i kēlā manawa. ʻO nā pae hemoglobin kahi ala e loiloi ai i kēia protein koʻikoʻi i loko o kā mākou mau ʻulaʻula koko. ʻO kahi loli maʻamau ʻole i ka pae o kahi ʻano hemoglobin kikoʻī hiki ke lilo i hōʻailona e loaʻa paha iā ʻoe kahi maʻi.

Inā hōʻike nā hopena hoʻāʻo a kāu keiki paha i kahi maʻi koʻikoʻi, he mea maʻalahi ke hopohopo a hopohopo ma ka nānā wale ʻana i ke kiʻi. ʻOiai inā e pili ana i ke olakino o kāu keiki liʻiliʻi a keiki hānau hou paha, he mea maʻamau ke kaumaha. Akā e ho'āʻo e nānā i ke kiʻi nui ma kahi o ka hopohopo. ʻO ke kanaka maikaʻi loa e kōkua iā ʻoe me kēlā, ʻo ia kāu kauka. Hiki iā ia ke wehewehe pehea e kūpono ai kēia "kiʻi" i kou olakino holoʻokoʻa a me nā mea āu e pono ai e hana ma hope.

Leka Lawe-Home

Ke lana nei koʻu manaʻo ua maopopo iā ʻoe i kēia manawa ka hoʻāʻo hemoglobin electrophoresis a mākou i kūkākūkā ai i kēia lā. Eia kekahi mau mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai:

• ʻO ka Hemoglobin electrophoresis kahi hoʻāʻo koko kūikawā e ʻike ai i nā ʻano hemoglobin like ʻole i loko o ke koko a me ko lākou nui.
• Kōkua kēia i ka ʻike ʻana i nā maʻi pili i ke koko e like me ka anemia cell sickle a me ka thalassemia .
• Pēpē hānau houHana ʻia kēia ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka nānā ʻana i ke olakino.
• Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano hemoglobin ma ka lawe ʻana i kahi hāpana koko a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke au uila .
• E kamaʻilio mau me kāu kauka ma mua o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hoʻomaopopo i nā hopena o ka hōʻike ma kāu iho.
• Inā ʻaʻole kūpono nā hopena, mai hopohopo a e hahai i nā kuhikuhi a kāu kauka. ʻO ka ʻike mua ʻana ke kaʻina mua i ka mālama pono ʻana.

Lana ko mākou manaʻo he mea pono kēia ʻike nou. E ola kino!

ʻO ka Hemoglobin Electrophoresis, Hemoglobin, Nā Kelepona Koko ʻUlaʻula, Anemia, Anemia Kelepona Sickle, Thalassemia