Inā nīnau kekahi iā ʻoe i kou ʻano koko, hiki iā ʻoe ke pane? Ua ʻike paha ʻoe, ʻaʻole paha. Manaʻo ka poʻe he nui he leka wale nō ke ʻano koko e like me A, B, O. Akā ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī ma mua o kēlā, a he mea nui loa hoʻi ia no ko kākou olakino. No laila i kēia lā, e kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēia mau ʻano koko, e like me ke kamaʻilio ʻana me kahi hoaaloha.
He aha ka manaʻo maoli o kēia mau ʻano koko?
Loaʻa iā kākou a pau nā ʻāpana like i loko o ko kākou koko. Akā, ʻaʻole like ke koko o kēlā me kēia kanaka. Aia he 8 mau ʻano koko nui. Hoʻoholo ʻia ke ʻano koko āu e loaʻa ai e nā genes āu e hoʻoilina ai mai kou makuahine a me kou makuakāne.
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻokoʻa kou koko mai ko kekahi ma muli o nā protein kūikawā ma ka ʻili o kou mau ʻulaʻula koko. I ka lāʻau lapaʻau, kapa mākou i kēia mau antigens . Aia kekahi ʻano protein kūikawā ʻē aʻe i loko o ka plasma, ka ʻāpana wai o ko mākou koko, i kapa ʻia he antibodies . Hoʻoholo ʻia kou ʻano koko e ke ʻano o ka hui pū ʻana o kēlā mau antigens a me nā antibodies.
E noʻonoʻo i kou mau hunaola koko ʻulaʻula e like me nā hale liʻiliʻi. Inā he antigen (A) ma kekahi o kēia mau hale, ʻo ʻoe ke ʻano A. Inā he antigen (B), ʻo ʻoe ke ʻano B. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā antigen ʻelua, ʻo ʻoe ʻo AB. Inā ʻaʻohe antigen, ʻo ʻoe ʻo O. He maʻalahi loa, ʻeā?
ʻAʻole wale ke koko he wai ʻulaʻula. He nui nā ʻāpana:
- Nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula: lawe i ka oxygen ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa.
- Nā hunaola koko keʻokeʻo: E hakakā me nā huakini e hoʻoulu ai i nā maʻi.
- Nā Platelets: Kōkua lākou i ka hoʻōki ʻana i ke kahe koko ma o ka hana ʻana i nā ʻūpā koko ke loaʻa kahi ʻeha.
Nā ʻano koko nui a me ko lākou kūpono
E nānā kākou i kēia mau ʻano koko nui 8 a pehea lākou e kūlike ai kekahi me kekahi. He mea nui loa kēia kūlike i ka wā e hāʻawi ai i ke koko a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ke koko.
E hoʻomanaʻo i kaʻu ʻōlelo e pili ana i nā antigens A a me B ma ka ʻili o nā hunaola koko ʻulaʻula? ʻO ia ka mea a mākou e kapa aku ai ʻo ka ʻōnaehana ABO . Eia kekahi, aia kekahi antigen koʻikoʻi, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka Rh factor .
- Inā loaʻa i kou mau hunaola koko ʻulaʻula ka Rh factor, ʻo kou ʻano koko he 'maikaʻi' (+) . (Laʻana: A+, B+)
- Inā ʻaʻohe o kāu mau hunaola koko ʻulaʻula ka Rh factor, ʻo kou ʻano koko he 'maikaʻi ʻole' (-) . (Laʻana: A-, O-)
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻano koko nui 8 ma ka hui pū ʻana o ABO a me Rh.
| ʻAno Koko | Hiki i kēia poʻe ke hāʻawi koko (Hiki ke hāʻawi iā) | Hiki ke Loaʻa Mai kēia Poʻe |
|---|---|---|
| A+ | A+, AB+ | A+, A-, O+, O- |
| ʻA- | A+, A-, AB+, AB- | ʻA-, ʻO- |
| B+ | B+, AB+ | B+, B-, O+, O- |
| B- | B+, B-, AB+, AB- | B-, ʻO- |
| AB+ | AB+ | ʻO kēlā me kēia ʻano koko (Universal Recipient) |
| AB- | AB+, AB- | AB-, A-, B-, O- |
| ʻO+ | ʻO+, A+, B+, AB+ | ʻO+, ʻO- |
| ʻO- | ʻO kēlā me kēia (Universal Donor) | ʻO- |
"Mea Hāʻawi Honua" a me "Mea Pōmaikaʻi Honua"
Inā ʻoe e nānā i ka papa, e ʻike ʻoe hiki i ke kanaka me ke koko ʻano O maikaʻi ʻole (O-) ke hāʻawi i ke koko i kekahi me kekahi ʻano koko. ʻO ia ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai ke koko ʻano O- ʻo "Universal Donor." I ka wā ʻaʻohe manawa e hoʻoholo koke ai i ke ʻano koko o ka mea maʻi, e like me ka pilikia, hāʻawi pinepine ʻia ke koko O-.
Eia kekahi, hiki i ke kanaka me ke ʻano koko AB maikaʻi (AB+) ke loaʻa ke koko mai kekahi ʻano koko. No laila, ua kapa ʻia ke ʻano koko AB+ ʻo ia ka "Universal Recipient."
No ke aha he mea nui ka ʻike ʻana i kou ʻano koko?
I ka wā ma mua, ma mua o 1901, ua manaʻo nā kauka he ʻano koko like ko kēlā me kēia kanaka. No laila, i ka wā i hāʻawi ʻia ai ke koko o kekahi kanaka i kekahi, ua maʻi nui kekahi poʻe a make. I ka makahiki 1901, ua ʻike kekahi kanaka ʻepekema i kapa ʻia ʻo Karl Landsteiner i kēia ʻōnaehana ʻano koko.
He aha ka mea e hana ʻia inā hui ʻia nā ʻano koko ʻelua kū ʻole? E noʻonoʻo e hāʻawi ʻia i ke koko ʻano B i ke kanaka me ke koko ʻano A. Loaʻa i ke kanaka me ke koko ʻano A nā antibodies e kūʻē i ke koko B. Hoʻomaopopo kēia mau antibodies i nā hunaola koko B i hoʻolauna hou ʻia ma ke ʻano he "ʻenemi" a hoʻomaka e hoʻouka iā lākou. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka pipili ʻana o nā hunaola koko a me ka paʻa ʻana. Ua kapa ʻia kēia he agglutination . Hiki i kēia ke alakaʻi i ka hāʻule ʻana o nā puʻupaʻa, ka haʻalulu, a me ka make.
ʻO ia ke kumu e hana ʻia ai kahi hoʻokolohua i kapa ʻia ʻo crossmatching ma mua o ka hāʻawi koko ʻana e ʻike ai inā kūlike nā ʻano koko o ka mea hāʻawi a me ka mea loaʻa. Hiki i kēia ke lilo i hoʻoholo ola a make paha.
Nā ʻano koko laha ʻole a me ke olakino
Ma waho aʻe o nā ʻano nui A, B, a me O, aia nā haneli o nā ʻano koko kakaikahi loa. ʻO kahi laʻana ʻo ke ʻano koko Duffy null . ʻO kēia ka mea maʻamau i waena o ka poʻe o ka hanauna ʻApelika a me ka Hikina Waena. ʻO ka mea kupanaha, loaʻa i ka poʻe me kēia ʻano koko kekahi palekana mai ka malaria.
Ua ʻike ʻia e ka noiʻi aia kahi pilina ma waena o kou ʻano koko a me kekahi mau maʻi. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka poʻe me nā ʻano koko A, B, a i ʻole AB ua ʻōlelo ʻia he kiʻekiʻe iki ka pilikia o ka maʻi puʻuwai ma mua o ka poʻe me ke ʻano koko O.
Akā e hoʻomanaʻo i kēia: ʻAʻole manaʻo kou ʻano koko e maʻi ʻoe. He mau helu wale nō kēia. ʻOi aku ka hopena o kou nohona, kāu ʻai, a me ka hoʻoikaika kino. ʻAʻohe "ʻano koko olakino loa." Ua like ka maikaʻi o nā ʻano koko a pau.
He ʻoiaʻiʻo anei ka 'ʻAi ʻAno Koko'?
Ua lohe paha ʻoe i ka "ʻai ʻano koko." He ʻai ia e hahai ana i kahi papaʻai kikoʻī no kēlā me kēia ʻano koko. Akā, ʻaʻohe hōʻike ʻepekema e hōʻike ana he mau pono olakino kūikawā kona. No laila, ʻo ka mea maikaʻi loa iā ʻoe, ʻo ia ka ʻai ʻana i kahi ʻai kaulike. He manaʻo maikaʻi e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i ia mea.
No ke aha he mea nui ke ʻano koko i ka wā hāpai?
He mea nui loa ia e ʻike i kou ʻano koko i ka wā hāpai, ʻoiai hoʻi ka Rh factor .
E noʻonoʻo he Rh maikaʻi ʻole (-) ka makuahine, akā ʻo ke ʻano koko o ke pēpē he Rh maikaʻi (+) i hoʻoilina ʻia mai ka makuakāne. I kēia hihia, ʻike paha ke kino o ka makuahine i nā hunaola koko Rh maikaʻi o ke pēpē he "ʻē" a hoʻomaka e hana i nā antibodies e kūʻē iā lākou. Ua kapa ʻia kēia kūlana he Rh incompatibility .
ʻOiai ʻaʻole kēia e hoʻopilikia pinepine i ka hāpai mua ʻana, i ka wā o ka hāpai ʻelua, hiki i nā antibodies i hana ʻia i loko o ke kino o ka makuahine ke luku i nā hunaola koko o ka pēpē.
Akā, mai hopohopo! Aia kahi hopena maikaʻi loa no kēia i kēia manawa. E hoʻāʻo kāu kauka i kou ʻano koko i ka wā mua o kou hāpai ʻana. Inā he Rh maikaʻi ʻole ʻoe, e hāʻawi ʻia ʻoe i kahi pana i kapa ʻia ʻo Rh immunoglobulin (RhIg) ma mua a ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. Hoʻōki kēia i ke kino o ka makuahine mai ka hana ʻana i kēlā mau antibodies weliweli. No laila, ʻaʻole ʻoe a me kāu pēpē e hōʻeha ʻia.
ʻO ke ala maikaʻi loa e ʻike ai i kou ʻano koko, ʻo ia ka hana ʻana i kahi hoʻāʻo koko. Inā he mea hāʻawi koko ʻoe, ua helu ʻia kou ʻano koko ma ke kāleka āu e loaʻa ai ma hope o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke koko.
Leka Lawe-Home
- Hoʻoholo ʻia kou ʻano koko e nā genes āu e hoʻoilina ai mai kou mau mākua mai.
- I ka wā e hāʻawi ai a loaʻa paha ke koko, he mea nui e loaʻa kahi ʻano koko kūpono. Hiki i ke koko kūpono ʻole ke make.
- ʻIke ʻia ʻo O maikaʻi ʻole (O-) ʻo ia ka "mea hāʻawi honua" a ʻo AB maikaʻi (AB+) ʻo ia ka "mea loaʻa honua".
- I ka wā hāpai, he mea nui loa ia e ʻike i kou ʻano koko a hahai i nā ʻōlelo a kāu kauka, ʻoiai inā he Rh maikaʻi ʻole ka makuahine.
- ʻOiai aia nā pilina ma waena o ke ʻano koko a me kekahi mau maʻi, ʻaʻohe mea e like me ke ʻano koko "maikaʻi loa" a i ʻole "ʻino loa".
- Hiki i ka hāʻawi koko ke hoʻōla i ke ola. Inā hiki iā ʻoe, e lilo i koa ma ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke koko.
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