Ke makaʻu nei ʻoe i ka hoʻāʻo FISH? E aʻo kākou e pili ana i kēia hoʻāʻo genetic (Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization - FISH Test) ma nā ʻōlelo maʻalahi.

Ua ʻōlelo aku anei kāu kauka iā ʻoe a i ʻole kekahi o kou ʻohana e hana i kahi 'FISH test'? Ua makaʻu iki paha ʻoe a hopohopo paha i kou lohe ʻana i kēlā inoa? Ua manaʻo anei ʻoe, "He aha ke ʻano o kēia hoʻāʻo ʻē?"? He mea maʻamau loa ke manaʻo pēlā. Akā, ʻaʻohe kumu e hopohopo ai. ʻAʻole ia he mea paʻakikī e like me kou manaʻo, a ʻaʻole ia he mea e makaʻu ai. I kēia lā, e kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i ke ʻano o kēia hoʻāʻo FISH, ka mea e nānā ai, a pehea e hana ʻia ai, maʻalahi loa, ma kā mākou ʻōlelo.

ʻO ka mea mua, he aha kēia hoʻāʻo FISH?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, he hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua kūikawā ʻo FISH e nānā ana i nā loli a i ʻole nā ​​hewa i loko o nā genes a me nā chromosomes i loko o nā cell o ko mākou kino. Ua like ia me ka nānā ʻana i ka palapala ʻāina genetic o ko mākou kino.

I mea e hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi aku ai i kēia, e noʻonoʻo kākou i ko kākou kino e like me kahi waihona puke nui.

• Nā Chromosome: Ua like nā chromosome me nā papa puke ma loko o kēlā hale waihona puke. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia cell kanaka he 23 mau pālua o kēia mau papa puke.
• Nā Genes: ʻO kēlā mau puke ma nā papa he mau genes. Aia i loko o kēia mau puke nā kuhikuhi a pau e pono ai ko kākou kino e hana. ʻAʻole wale ko kākou kala lauoho, ke kala maka, ke kiʻekiʻe, akā, ʻo kēlā me kēia hana i loko o ko kākou kino e hoʻomalu ʻia e ka ʻike i loko o kēia mau puke i kapa ʻia he genes.
• DNA: ʻO nā leka a me nā huaʻōlelo i kākau ʻia ma kēia mau puke he DNA. ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻo ka hoʻonohonoho piha o nā kuhikuhi e pono ai ko kākou kino aia i loko o ka DNA.

I kēia manawa, e noʻonoʻo i kekahi o nā puke (genes) i loko o kēia waihona puke ua nalowale nā ​​ʻaoʻao (holoi ʻia), ua hoʻohui ʻia kekahi (hoʻonui ʻia), a i ʻole ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia kahi puke e pono ai ma kekahi papa i kahi papa ʻē aʻe (translocation). He aha ka mea e hana inā hana ʻia kēlā? ʻO nā kuhikuhi i loaʻa i ke kino e hewa. Ma muli o ia mau kuhikuhi hewa e kū mai ai nā maʻi e like me ke kanesa a me nā maʻi genetic ʻē aʻe.

Pehea e hana ai kēia hoʻāʻo FISH?

ʻOiai he ʻano ʻepekema iki ke ʻano hana, e wehewehe wau iā ʻoe me kahi laʻana maʻalahi loa.

E noʻonoʻo e pono ʻoe e ʻimi i kahi ʻōlelo kikoʻī i loko o kahi puke nui. He aha kāu e hana ai? Loaʻa iā ʻoe kēlā ʻōlelo a hōʻailona iā ia me kahi mea hoʻomālamalama kala. A laila maʻalahi ke loaʻa hou.

ʻO kēia ka mea e hana ʻia ana i kahi hoʻāʻo FISH. Ma ka lab, hana nā kānaka ʻepekema i nā ʻāpana DNA e kūlike me ka ʻāpana kikoʻī o ka gene a lākou e makemake ai e ʻimi i loko o kāu hāpana cell. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau mea ʻo 'probes.' A laila, hoʻopili lākou i nā lepili fluorescent i kēia mau ʻāpana DNA i hana ʻia. Ua like kēia me nā peni highlighter.

A laila, lawe lākou i kahi hāpana o kāu mau cell (e like me ke koko a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻiʻo) a hoʻohui i kēia mau 'probes' i kapa ʻia i loko o ia mea. A laila hana ʻia kekahi mea kupaianaha. Loaʻa i ka 'probe' kahi kikoʻī o ka gene e kūlike me ia a hoʻohui pū me ia.

A laila, ke nānā aku kahi pathologist iā ia me kahi microscope kūikawā (microscope fluorescent), ʻālohilohi nā 'probes' i hoʻopili ʻia i kēlā ʻāpana gene e like me nā kukui kala, e like me nā hōkū e ʻālohilohi ana i ka pouli.

• I loko o kahi pūnaewele maʻamau: ʻIke ʻia ka nui o ke kukui kala i manaʻo ʻia ma nā wahi kūpono.
• I loko o kahi pūnaewele ʻano ʻē: E ʻike paha ʻoe i nā kala he nui ma mua o ka mea i manaʻo ʻia (amplification), a i ʻole ʻaʻole paha ʻoe e ʻike i kahi kala āu e makemake ai e ʻike (deletion), a i ʻole e ʻike paha ʻoe i ʻelua mau kala e pono e hui pū akā ua mamao loa (translocation).

Ma ka nānā ʻana i kēlā ʻano kukui ʻālohilohi e hiki ai i nā kauka ke haʻi pololei iā ʻoe i nā loli i loko o kāu mau genes.

He aha nā mea nui e nānā ʻia e ka hoʻāʻo FISH?

Hana nui ʻia ka hoʻāʻo FISH no kekahi mau kumu. E nānā kākou i nā loli genetic hiki iā ia ke ʻike a me nā maʻi e pili ana me lākou.

He aha nā maʻi e hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma o kēia mau hoʻololi?

He mea nui loa ka hoʻāʻo FISH no ka ʻike ʻana i nā maʻi like ʻole, ʻoi aku hoʻi ke kanesa, a me ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ka mālama ʻana.

• Nā ʻano maʻi ʻaʻai:
• Ka Maʻi ʻUma: E nānā pono i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka gene (HER2). Inā he ʻano hoʻonui like ia, hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau kikoʻī i kuhikuhi pono ʻia i kēlā gene.
• Leukemia: E ʻike i nā ʻano o ka leukemia ʻākī a me ka maʻi.
• ʻO ka maʻi ʻōpū
• Ka maʻi ʻaʻai iwi (Multiple Myeloma)
• Nā maʻi ʻaʻai o ka māmā, ka ʻōpū, a me ka ʻōpū mimi
• Nā kūlana genetic prenatal a me postnatal: E hoʻāʻo i kahi pēpē ma mua a ma hope paha o ka hānau ʻana e ʻike inā he mau maʻi chromosomal ko lākou, e like me Down syndrome.
• ʻO ka hoʻoulu ʻana i loko o ka vitro (IVF): Hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano hana e hoʻāʻo i nā embryos no nā ʻano chromosomal ma mua o ka hoʻoili ʻia ʻana ma o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i loko o ka vitro (IVF).

Pehea e hoʻomākaukau ai no ka hoʻokolohua FISH?

ʻO ke ʻano o kāu hoʻomākaukau ʻana no kēia hoʻokolohua e pili ana i ka hāpana āu e lawe nei. Aia nā ʻano hāpana like ʻole e hiki ke lawe ʻia no kēia kumu.

• Hoʻāʻo Koko: Inā kānalua kāu kauka he maʻi hoʻoilina kou a i ʻole kāu keiki, hiki ke hana ʻia kēia hoʻāʻo ma ka lawe ʻana i kahi koko liʻiliʻi e like me ka maʻamau. ʻAʻole pono kēia i kahi hoʻomākaukau kūikawā.
• Ka Hoʻāʻo ʻana ma mua o ka Hānau ʻana: Inā e hoʻāʻo ʻia nā ʻano o ka pēpē i ka wā hāpai, e hana ke kauka i kahi hoʻāʻo i kapa ʻia ʻo "amniocentesis," ʻo ia hoʻi ka lawe ʻana i kahi liʻiliʻi o ka wai amniotic mai ka ʻōpū o ka makuahine.
• Biopsy: Inā kānalua ʻia ka maʻi ʻaʻai, lawe ʻia kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka ʻiʻo mai ka puʻupuʻu a i ʻole ka iwi iwi no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana (kahi biopsy iwi iwi). Ma mua o ka biopsy, e hāʻawi kāu kauka iā ʻoe i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no ia, no ka mea, pono ka anesthesia.
• Hoʻāʻo Mimi: I kekahi manawa, hoʻohana ʻia kahi hāpana mimi no ka ʻike ʻana a i ʻole ka nānā ʻana i ke kanesa o ka ʻōpū mimi.

He aha ka mea e hana ʻia ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hōʻike hoʻāʻo?

Hiki ke hala ma waena o hoʻokahi a ʻehā pule e loaʻa ai nā hopena o kahi hoʻāʻo FISH. E hoʻomaopopo kāu kauka iā ʻoe i kēia manawa ma mua.

ʻO ka hopena he 'maikaʻi'.Inā ʻōlelo ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi aia kekahi ʻano genetic a chromosomal paha i loko o kāu hāpana cell.

He mea maʻamau ka makaʻu a me ka hopohopo ke ʻike ʻoe i kahi hopena e like me kēia. Akā e hoʻomanaʻo, ʻo kēia hopena kahi manawa kūpono e loaʻa ai kahi ʻike maopopo o kou kūlana. A, ma muli o kēia ʻike, e hiki i kāu kauka ke hoʻoholo i ka lāʻau kūpono loa a kikoʻī nāu.

Eia kekahi laʻana, inā ʻike kēia hoʻokolohua i kahi mutation genetic i loko o kahi maʻi kanesa, hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e hoʻopaʻa i kēlā mutation, e hopena ana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao liʻiliʻi a me nā hopena holomua.

No laila, ma kahi o ka hopohopo e pili ana i nā hopena a me ka hopohopo wale nō, e kamaʻilio pono me kāu kauka a hoʻomaopopo pono i ke ʻano o ia mea a me nā hana e pono ai ʻoe e hana ma hope.