Ua ʻike anei ʻoe i ka maʻi HIV a me ka maʻi AIDS? E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i kēia mau maʻi weliweli (HIV a me AIDS)!

Ke lohe ʻoe i nā huaʻōlelo HIV a me AIDS, manaʻo paha ʻoe i kahi hopohopo iki, ʻeā? ʻOiai he nui nā moʻolelo e pili ana i kēia mau mea i loko o ke kaiāulu, he mea nui loa ia e ʻike pono i ke ʻano o lākou, pehea lākou i hana ʻia ai, a pehea e pale ai iā ʻoe iho. No laila i kēia lā, e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kēia mau mea me nā kikoʻī, ma ke ʻano hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaopopo.

He aha ka maʻi HIV? (He aha ka maʻi HIV?)

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo HIV ke kū nei no ka Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Ke komo kēia maʻi i loko o ko kākou kino, hoʻouka ia i ko kākou ʻōnaehana pale. ʻO ka pahuhopu nui o kēia maʻi, ʻo ia nā pūnaewele CD4, kahi ʻano keʻokeʻo koko e pale ana i ko kākou kino mai nā maʻi. I ka luku ʻana o ka maʻi HIV i kēia mau pūnaewele, e emi mālie ana ka hiki o ko kākou kino ke pale aku i nā maʻi.

Hana maalea loa kēia maʻi HIV. Hoʻokomo ia i kāna mau kuhikuhi ponoʻī i loko o ka DNA o kā mākou mau cell. Kāhea mākou i nā maʻi e hana ana i hope e like me kēia he retrovirus .

No laila he aha ka AIDS? (He aha ka AIDS?)

ʻO AIDS ke kū nei no Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome . ʻO kēia ke kahua hope loa a koʻikoʻi loa o ka maʻi HIV. ʻO ke kanaka me ka AIDS, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hoʻonāwaliwali nui ʻia ko lākou ʻōnaehana pale e ka maʻi HIV, a ua emi nui ka helu o kā lākou CD4 cell. ʻO kēia ka mea e maʻalahi ai lākou i nā maʻi like ʻole (nā maʻi kūpono) a me nā maʻi kanesa hoʻi e hiki ʻole i ke kanaka olakino maʻamau ke ulu maʻalahi.

ʻO ka maʻamau, inā waiho ʻole ʻia ka maʻi HIV i ka mālama ʻole ʻia, hiki iā ia ke holomua i ka AIDS i loko o 10 mau makahiki.

He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka maʻi HIV a me ka maʻi AIDS?

He nui ka poʻe e huikau i nā mea ʻelua. He huakino ka HIV. ʻO ia ka huakino e hoʻonāwaliwali i ko kākou ʻōnaehana pale. ʻO ka AIDS ke ʻano koʻikoʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka maʻi HIV. He hōʻiliʻili ia o nā maʻi e kū mai ana i ka wā e nāwaliwali loa ai ka ʻōnaehana pale.

ʻO ka mea nui loa, ʻo ke kanaka i loaʻa ʻole i ka maʻi HIV ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke loaʻa i ka maʻi AIDS.

Me nā lāʻau lapaʻau holomua o kēia wā, ʻaʻole e loaʻa i nā kānaka a pau i loaʻa i ka maʻi HIV ka maʻi AIDS. Eia nō naʻe, inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia, nui ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi HIV e pilikia ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi AIDS.

He aha ka hana a ka maʻi HIV i ke kanaka?

Ke komo ka maʻi HIV i loko o ko kākou kino, hele pololei ia e ʻimi i nā pūnaewele CD4 (nā pūnaewele T kōkua) i loko o kā kākou ʻōnaehana pale. A laila luku ia i kēia mau pūnaewele. Hoʻemi kēia i ka helu o nā pūnaewele koko keʻokeʻo i loko o ko kākou kino. ʻO ka hopena, lilo ka ʻōnaehana pale o ko kākou kino, ka mea hiki ke hoʻōla maʻalahi ʻoiai inā maʻi kākou, i nāwaliwali. Hiki i kahi maʻi liʻiliʻi ke lilo i mea koʻikoʻi.

Ke loaʻa mua iā ʻoe ka maʻi HIV, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā hōʻailona e like me ke anu a i ʻole ka maʻi palū. A laila, hiki i ka maʻi ke moe i loko o kou kino no nā makahiki me ka ʻole o nā hōʻailona. I loko o ia manawa, luku malū ia i kāu mau pūnaewele CD4.Ke emi nui ka helu o nā pūnaewele CD4, a i ʻole ke hoʻomaka ʻoe e loaʻa i nā maʻi i loaʻa ʻole i ka poʻe olakino, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ua holomua ka maʻi HIV i AIDS.

Ke loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi AIDS, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaka koke e emi ke kaumaha, manaʻo luhi loa, loaʻa nā ʻeha ma kou waha a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​wahi ʻōpū, loaʻa ke kuni, ka hou i ka pō, a loaʻa ke kala ʻili. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka poʻe me ka AIDS ke loaʻa nā maʻi ʻē aʻe a me nā maʻi kanesa, no laila e ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona e pili ana i kēlā mau mea.

E aʻo iki kākou e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka retrovirus.

Hana nā ʻāpana o ko kākou kino e like me kahi palapala hoʻolālā (he hoʻonohonoho o nā kuhikuhi) i kapa ʻia ʻo DNA. Hoʻokumu kēia DNA i kahi leka i kapa ʻia ʻo RNA, a e like me kēlā leka, hana ʻia nā protein e pono ai ko kākou kino.

Eia nō naʻe, hana nā retrovirus i ke ʻano ʻē aʻe. Ua kākau ʻia kā lākou mau kuhikuhi ma RNA. Ke komo kahi virus i loko o kā mākou mau cell, hoʻololi ia i kāna RNA e like me ka DNA i loko o kā mākou mau cell. A laila, ʻokiʻoki ia i ka DNA i loko o kā mākou mau cell a hoʻokomo i kāna mau kuhikuhi i loko. A laila, hana kā mākou mau cell e like me nā kuhikuhi a ka virus. ʻO HIV kekahi o ia mau retrovirus.

ʻO wai ka mea i hoʻopilikia nui ʻia e ka maʻi HIV?

He hewa loa ka manaʻo kaulana "ʻo kekahi poʻe wale nō e loaʻa i ka maʻi HIV". Hiki i kekahi mea i loaʻa i ka maʻi ke loaʻa i ka maʻi HIV. ʻO ka moekolohe palekana ʻole a me ka kaʻana like ʻana i nā nila e hoʻokomo i nā lāʻau lapaʻau nā ala nui e laha ai ka maʻi HIV.

Eia nō naʻe, e like me nā helu helu, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hopena o kekahi mau hui o ka poʻe i ka maʻi HIV. ʻO kēia mau mea:

• Gay, Bisexual, MSM.
• ʻO kekahi mau hui lāhui, no ka laʻana he poʻe ʻeleʻele a me Hispanics (ʻaʻole pili loa kēia iā Sri Lanka, akā ʻo kēia ke kūlana honua).
• ʻO ka poʻe e hāʻawi ana i nā lawelawe moekolohe ma ke kūkaʻi ʻana i ke kālā a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi HIV.

ʻAʻole wale kēia poʻe i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka maʻi HIV. Eia nō naʻe, ke kū nei kēia mau hui i nā pale he nui i ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi HIV, ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, a me ke komo ʻana i ka lāʻau kūpono. ʻO ka homophobia, ka hoʻokae lāhui, ka ʻilihune, a me ka stigma e pili ana i ka maʻi HIV e pale aku i nā mea he nui mai ke komo ʻana i nā lawelawe olakino kiʻekiʻe.

Pehea ka maʻamau o ka maʻi HIV?

Ua emi iki ka nui o nā maʻi HIV hou ma ka honua. Akā, he nui ka poʻe e ola nei me ka maʻi HIV. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻaʻole ʻike ka nui o ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka maʻi HIV iā lākou. No laila he mea nui e hoʻāʻo pinepine ʻia no ka maʻi HIV.

He aha nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi HIV?

Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i ka maʻi HIV ʻoiai inā ʻaʻohe ou hōʻailona. ʻO ia ke kumu he mea nui e hoʻāʻo ʻia no ka maʻi HIV ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e maʻi.

I kekahi manawa, ke loaʻa mua ʻoe i ka maʻi HIV, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā hōʻailona e like me ke kuni a i ʻole ke anu. Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻo "Acute Retroviral Syndrome" (ARS) . ʻO kēia mau hōʻailona:

• kuni
• Ke anu nei au.
• Luhi
• ʻeha ka ʻāʻī
• ʻEha ʻiʻo
• Nā hou o ka pō
• ʻŌhū ʻili
• Nā ʻōpū lymph pehu
• ʻEha waha

ʻO ka maʻamau, e nalowale ana kēia mau hōʻailona i loko o hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha pule, a i ʻole hoʻokahi mahina.

He aha nā pae o ka maʻi HIV?

ʻEkolu mau pae nui o ka maʻi HIV:

Pae 1: Ka maʻi HIV koʻikoʻi

Hiki i kekahi poʻe ke ʻike i nā hōʻailona e like me ke kuni a i ʻole ke anu i loko o hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha mahina ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi HIV. Nalo pinepine kēia mau hōʻailona i loko o hoʻokahi pule a i ʻole hoʻokahi mahina. I loko o kēia manawa , ke ulu wikiwiki nei ka maʻi i loko o ke kino, no laila he kiʻekiʻe ka pilikia o ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.

Pae 2: Ka maʻi HIV mau loa/Latency Lapaʻau

Ma hope o ke kūlana koʻikoʻi, hiki iā ʻoe ke noho me ka maʻi HIV no nā makahiki me ka ʻole o ka maʻi. Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻo "ka manawa maʻi" a i ʻole "latency clinical." ʻO ka mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo ai, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e maʻi, hiki nō iā ʻoe ke hoʻoili i ka maʻi HIV i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e loaʻa i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hiki i kēia kūlana ke mau no 10 mau makahiki a ʻoi aku paha. Akā no kekahi poʻe, hiki ke pau koke kēia kūlana. Hiki i ka poʻe i loaʻa ka lāʻau lapaʻau ke noho i kēia kūlana no nā makahiki he ʻumi.

Pae 3: AIDS

ʻO ka AIDS ke kahua koʻikoʻi loa o ka maʻi HIV. I kēia pae, ua hoʻonāwaliwali loa ka maʻi HIV i kou ʻōnaehana pale, e hoʻolilo ana iā ʻoe i mea maʻalahi i nā maʻi kūpono .

ʻO nā maʻi kūpono he mau maʻi ia e hiki ke hoʻomalu maʻalahi ʻia e ke kanaka me kahi ʻōnaehana pale olakino. Eia nō naʻe, ke hoʻonāwaliwali ʻia ka ʻōnaehana pale e ka HIV, hiki i kēia mau maʻi ke hōʻeha nui i ke kino.

Ua piʻi aʻe hoʻi ka pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o kekahi mau ʻano maʻi kanesa i ka poʻe me ka maʻi AIDS. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau maʻi kanesa a me nā maʻi kūpono ʻole he "AIDS-defining illnesses."

I mea e ʻike ʻia ai kekahi me ka maʻi AIDS, pono iā ia ke loaʻa i ka maʻi HIV a loaʻa iā ia ma ka liʻiliʻi hoʻokahi o kēia mau kūlana:

• Loaʻa ma lalo o 200 mau pūnaewele CD4 no kēlā me kēia millimeter cubic o ke koko (200 mau pūnaewele/mm3).
• Loaʻa iā ia hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha nā "maʻi e wehewehe ana i ka AIDS".

He aha nā maʻi e wehewehe ana i ka AIDS?

ʻO kēia mau mea e komo pū ana me nā maʻi kūpono, kekahi mau maʻi kanesa (i hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia e nā virus), a me kekahi mau maʻi o ka ʻōnaehana nerve. ʻO kekahi mau laʻana:

• ʻO ka lymphoma ʻo Burkitt
• ʻO ka Candidiasis o ka bronchi, esophagus, trachea a i ʻole nā ​​​​māmā
• ʻO ka isosporiasis ʻōpū mau loa (cystoisosporiasis) e mau ana ma mua o hoʻokahi mahina
• ʻO Coccidioidomycosis, hoʻolaha ʻia/extrapulmonary
• ʻO ka cryptosporidiosis intestinal mau loa e mau ana ma mua o hoʻokahi mahina
• ʻO ka maʻi Cytomegalovirus (koe naʻe ke akepaʻa, ka spleen, a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​lymp node), e kū ana i nā poʻe i ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi mahina.
• ʻO ka Cytomegalovirus retinitis (me ka nalowale o ka ʻike)
• ʻO ka encephalopathy i hoʻopili ʻia me ka maʻi HIV
• ʻO ka cryptococcosis ma waho o ka puʻuwai
• nā ʻeha herpes simplex (ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi mahina)
• ʻO ka Herpes simplex bronchitis, pneumonitis a i ʻole esophagitis (e kū mai ana i nā poʻe i ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi mahina)
• ʻO ka Histoplasmosis, hoʻolaha ʻia/extrapulmonary
• ʻO ka maʻi HIV wasting (HIV wasting syndrome - ka pohō kaumaha nui)
• Ka maʻi ʻaʻai cervical invasive
• ʻO ka Lymphoma Immunoblastic
• ʻO ka sarcoma Kaposi
• Nā maʻi bacteria lehulehu a i ʻole e hana hou ʻia
• ʻO ka hui Mycobacterium avium (MAC), hoʻolaha ʻia/extrapulmonary
• ʻO Mycobacterium kansasii, hoʻolaha ʻia/extrapulmonary
• ʻO ka Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) ma kēlā me kēia wahi
• Nā ʻano mycobacterium ʻē aʻe a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano i ʻike ʻole ʻia, hoʻolaha ʻia/extrapulmonary
• ʻO ka maʻi niumonia Pneumocystis jirovecii (PCP)
• ʻO ka lymphoma mua o ka lolo
• ʻO ka leukoencephalopathy multifocal holomua (PML)
• Ka niumonia hou
• ʻO ka Salmonella septicemia hou (nontyphoid)
• ʻO ka toxoplasmosis o ka lolo (hiki i nā poʻe i ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi mahina)

He aha nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi AIDS?

Hiki ke hana ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi AIDS e ka maʻi HIV ponoʻī, a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe e hoʻohana ana i kou ʻōnaehana pale nawaliwali. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau mea:

• Ka emi wikiwiki ʻana o ke kaumaha
• Ka wela pinepine a i ʻole ka hou nui o ka pō
• Manaʻo nui i ka luhi me ke kumu ʻole
• ʻO ka pehu ʻana o nā armpits, groin, a i ʻole ka ʻāʻī
• ʻO ka maʻi kahe e mau ana no nā pule
• Nā ʻeha ma ka waha, anus, a i ʻole nā ​​​​wahi genital
• Pneumonia
• Nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻula, ʻeleʻele, poni, a poni paha ma ka ʻili, i loko o ka waha, ka ihu, a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​lihilihi maka
• Ka nalowale o ka hoʻomanaʻo, ke kaumaha, a me nā maʻi neurological ʻē aʻe

He aha ke kumu o ka maʻi HIV/AIDS?

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka maʻi HIV e kahi maʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo ka Human Immunodeficiency Virus . Hoʻouka kēia maʻi i nā pūnaewele CD4 (nā pūnaewele T kōkua) o kā mākou ʻōnaehana pale.Hoʻouka a luku lākou iā lākou, kahi e hoʻonāwaliwali ai i ka ʻōnaehana pale.

Hana ʻia ka maʻi AIDS i ka wā e hōʻemi nui ai ka maʻi HIV i ka helu o nā hunaola pale kino, e hoʻonāwaliwali ana i ka ʻōnaehana pale kino a hiki i kahi i hiki ʻole ai ke pale aku i nā maʻi ʻē aʻe.

Pehea e laha ai ka maʻi HIV?

Hiki ke laha ka maʻi HIV ma o ke koko, ka semen, nā wai o ka vagina, ka waiū umauma, a me nā mea huna o ka anal o kahi kanaka i loaʻa i ka maʻi HIV. Hiki i kekahi kanaka o kēlā me kēia ʻano wahine a i ʻole ke ʻano moekolohe ke loaʻa i ka maʻi HIV a hoʻoili aku i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.

Hiki i ka maʻi ke komo i kou kino ma o kou waha, rectum, penis, vagina, a i ʻole ka ʻili haki. Inā ʻaʻole he ʻoki a ʻeha paha ma ka ʻili, ʻaʻole hiki i ka maʻi ke komo ma o ka ʻili olakino. Inā hāpai ʻoe a loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi HIV, hiki nō hoʻi ke hoʻoili ʻia ka maʻi i kāu pēpē.

ʻO ka moe kolohe me ka pale ʻole a me ka kaʻana like ʻana i nā nila e hoʻokomo i nā lāʻau lapaʻau nā ala nui e laha ai ka maʻi HIV. ʻOiai inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e maʻi, hiki nō iā ʻoe ke hoʻoili i ka maʻi HIV i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.

Hiki ke laha ka maʻi HIV ma o ka honi ʻana?

ʻOiai ʻaʻole laha ka maʻi HIV ma o ka lawai, ʻaʻole maʻamau ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi HIV ma o ka honi ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, inā he ʻeha waha a he kahe koko paha nā ʻāʻī o nā hoa ʻelua, he liʻiliʻi loa ka manawa e laha ai ka maʻi HIV i ka wā e honi hohonu ana me ka waha hāmama, no ka mea, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia nā wai kino ʻē aʻe.

Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole hiki ke laha ka maʻi HIV ma o kēia mau mea:

• Ma ka hoʻopā ʻana a ʻapo ʻana paha i kekahi me ka maʻi HIV/AIDS.
• Mai nā lua lehulehu a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​loko ʻauʻau.
• Kaʻana like ʻana i nā kīʻaha, nā kīʻaha, a i ʻole nā ​​kelepona me kekahi kanaka me ka maʻi HIV/AIDS.
• Mai nā pepeke nahu e like me nā makika.
• Ma ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke koko (ʻo nā lako i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hāʻawi koko ma Sri Lanka he palekana loa ia).

Pehea e ʻike ai inā loaʻa iaʻu ka maʻi HIV?

ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi HIV ma ka nānā ʻana iā lākou. Eia kekahi, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i ka maʻi HIV a ʻaʻohe ou hōʻailona. ʻO ke ala wale nō e ʻike ai inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi HIV, ʻo ia ke loaʻa ʻana o kahi hoʻāʻo HIV.

No ka mea, hoʻokahi o kēlā me kēia ʻehiku o ka poʻe me ka maʻi HIV ʻaʻole lākou i ʻike ua loaʻa iā lākou ia mea, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻāʻo ʻia nā mea a pau ma waena o 13 a me 64 mau makahiki no ka maʻi HIV ma ka liʻiliʻi hoʻokahi manawa ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka nānā olakino maʻamau. He manawaleʻa kēia hoʻāʻo a he mea hūnā ʻia.

Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai ka maʻi HIV? (Diagnosis)

Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka maʻi HIV ma ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i kou koko a i ʻole ka lawai . Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i kēia hoʻāʻo ma ka home (me nā pahu hoʻāʻo ma ka home), ma ke keʻena o ke kauka, a i ʻole ma kahi kikowaena hoʻāʻo ma kou wahi.

Inā "Negative" ka hopena o kāu hoʻāʻo, ʻaʻole pono ka hoʻāʻo hou ʻana i kēia mau hihia:

• Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i pili i ka HIV ma kekahi ʻano i loko o nā mahina ʻekolu ma mua o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana.
• Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i hōʻike ʻia i ka maʻi i loko o ka "manawa puka makani" o ka hoʻāʻo koko (ka manawa e pono ai no ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi). (Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe maopopo e pili ana i ka manawa puka makani o ka hoʻāʻo āu i lawe ai, e nīnau i kāu kauka.)

Inā ua hōʻike ʻia ʻoe i loko o ʻekolu mahina o ka lawe ʻana i ka hoʻāʻo, he mea maikaʻi e hoʻāʻo hou ʻia e hōʻoia i ka hopena "ʻaʻole".

Inā hoʻi mai ka hopena o kāu hoʻāʻo "Positive," e hana ke keʻena hoʻokolohua i nā hoʻokolohua hou aʻe e hōʻoia i ka hopena.

He aha nā ʻano hoʻāʻo e ʻike ai i ka maʻi HIV?

ʻEkolu mau ʻano nui o nā hoʻāʻo HIV:

1. Nā hoʻāʻo Antigen/Antibody:

• ʻImi nā hoʻokolohua antigen i kahi māka i kapa ʻia ʻo p24 ma ka ʻili o ka maʻi HIV. ʻImi nā hoʻokolohua antibody i nā kemika a ko mākou kino e hana ai e kūʻē i kēlā mau māka. ʻImi kēia hoʻokolohua i nā mea ʻelua.
• Lawe ke kauka i kahi hāpana koko liʻiliʻi mai kahi aa koko ma kou lima. Hoʻouna ʻia ia i kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua a hoʻāʻo ʻia no ka p24 a me nā antibodies iā ia. Hiki i kēia hoʻāʻo ke ʻike i ka HIV ma waena o 18 a me 45 mau lā ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻana.
• Hiki ke hana i kahi hoʻāʻo antigen/antibody wikiwiki me kahi hāpana koko manamana lima. Hiki i kēia hoʻāʻo ke ʻike i ka HIV ma ka liʻiliʻi he 18 mau lā ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻana. Hiki ke hala a hiki i 90 mau lā e loaʻa ai nā hopena pololei. ("Rapid" e pili ana i ka manawa e pono ai e loaʻa ai nā hopena, ʻaʻole ka manawa e pono ai e ʻike i ka maʻi).

2. Nā hoʻāʻo antibody:

• Ke nānā nei kēia mau hoʻokolohua i nā antibodies i ka HIV i loko o kou koko a i ʻole ka lawai. Hiki ke hana ʻia kēia ma ka lawe ʻana i kahi hāpana koko mai kahi aʻa koko ma kou lima, kahi ʻō ʻana i ka manamana lima, a i ʻole kahi hāpana lawai mai kahi swab o kou ʻāʻī.
• Hiki ke hala ma waena o 23 a me 90 mau lā ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻana no ka ʻike ʻana i ka maʻi HIV ma kahi hoʻāʻo antibody. ʻO nā hoʻāʻo antibody, i hana ʻia ma ke koko i lawe ʻia mai kahi aa koko, hiki ke ʻike koke i ka maʻi HIV ma mua o nā hoʻāʻo i hana ʻia ma ka lawai a i ʻole ke koko i lawe ʻia mai kahi manamana lima.

3. Nā Hoʻāʻo ʻAkika Nukleika (NAT):

• Ke nānā nei nā NAT i ka maʻi HIV i loko o kou koko. Lawe ke kauka i kahi hāpana koko liʻiliʻi mai kahi aa koko ma kou lima. Hoʻouna ʻia ia i kahi keʻena hoʻokolohua e hoʻāʻo ʻia no ka HIV.
• Hiki i ka NAT ke ʻike i ka maʻi HIV ma waena o 10 a me 33 mau lā ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, hana pinepine ʻia kēia hoʻāʻo inā ua loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi pilikia kiʻekiʻe.

Inā "maikaʻi" kāu hopena hoʻāʻo, e paipai kāu kauka i nā hoʻokolohua hou aʻe e loiloi i kou olakino. Hiki i kēia mau mea ke komo pū me:

• Helu Koko Piha (CBC)
• Ka nānā ʻana i ka maʻi hepatitis viral
• X-ray umauma
• Pap smear (no nā wahine)
• Helu o nā pūnaewele CD4 (helu CD4)
• Hoʻāʻo maʻi puʻupuʻu

Aia kekahi mau hoʻāʻo HIV e hiki ke hana ma ka home? (Nā hoʻāʻo ma ka home)

ʻAe, aia nā pahu hoʻāʻo HIV hiki iā ʻoe ke hana ma ka home. He mau hoʻāʻo wikiwiki kekahi. I loko o lākou, hamo ʻoe i kou ʻāʻī me kahi swab palupalu a palupalu. A laila, kau ʻia ka swab i loko o kahi ʻōmole me kahi wai kūikawā a heluhelu ʻia nā hopena. Loaʻa nā hopena i loko o 15-20 mau minuke.

Hoʻohana nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe ma ka home i kahi hāmeʻa e hou ai i kou manamana lima me kahi nila liʻiliʻi. Hoʻopili ʻia kahi kulu koko i kahi kāleka, a hoʻouna ʻia ka pahu hoʻāʻo i kahi lab no nā hopena.

Inā "maikaʻi" ka hopena o kāu hoʻāʻo ma ka home, pono ʻoe e ʻike i kāu kauka a loaʻa i kahi hoʻāʻo ʻē aʻe e hōʻoia i ka hopena.

Aia kekahi lāʻau lapaʻau no ka maʻi HIV?

ʻAʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau no ka maʻi HIV i kēia manawa. Eia nō naʻe, he nui nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono loa e hiki ke kāohi nui i ka holomua o ka maʻi HIV.

Pehea e mālama ʻia ai ka maʻi HIV? (Lāʻau lapaʻau)

Hoʻōla ʻia ka maʻi HIV me ka lāʻau lapaʻau waha i kēlā me kēia lā i kapa ʻia ʻo antiretroviral therapy (ART) .

ʻO ka lawe ʻana i ka hui pū ʻana o nā lāʻau like ʻole, ma mua o hoʻokahi wale nō lāʻau, ʻo ia ke ala kūpono loa e pale aku ai i ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi HIV a me ka luku ʻana i nā pūnaewele. Aia kekahi mau pila i hui pū ʻia me kekahi mau lāʻau i loko o hoʻokahi pila. E koho pono kāu kauka i ka hui kūpono nāu.

ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka mālama ʻana me ka ART, ʻo ia ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka nui o ka maʻi HIV i loko o ke koko (viral load) i kahi pae hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia e kahi hoʻāʻo HIV a e kāohi i ka nāwaliwali o ka ʻōnaehana pale i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka HIV.

Nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻohana ʻia no ka maʻi HIV

Hana kēlā me kēia ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ART ma ke ʻano ʻokoʻa e pale aku i ka maʻi HIV mai ka hana ʻana i nā kope hou aʻe o ia iho a i ʻole e hoʻopilikia i kāu mau cell. Hiki i ke ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau ART like ke loaʻa nā inoa inoa like ʻole.

Aia kekahi mau ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau ART:

• Nā mea hoʻopaʻa i ka transcriptase hoʻohuli nucleoside (NRTIs)
• Nā mea hoʻopaʻa transcriptase hoʻohuli ʻole nucleoside (NNRTI)
• Nā mea hoʻopaʻa protease (PI)
• Nā mea hoʻopaʻa fusion
• Nā mea pale i ka mea loaʻa CCR5 (nā mea kū'ē i ka CCR5)
• Nā mea hoʻopaʻa hoʻoili kaula Integrase (INSTIs)
• Nā mea pale i ka hoʻopili ʻana
• Nā mea pale ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻana
• Nā mea hoʻonui Pharmacokinetic
• Ka hui pū ʻana o nā lāʻau HIV

Pehea e mālama ai iaʻu iho i ka wā e noho ana me ka maʻi HIV?

He mea nui loa ka lawe ʻana i kāu lāʻau lapaʻau e like me ke kauoha, i ka manawa kūpono, a ʻaʻole hoʻi e hōʻole i nā manawa a kāu kauka. Ua kapa ʻia kēiaUa kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.

Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e lawe i kāu lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻoiai ma kahi ulia pōpilikia, hiki i ka maʻi HIV ke hoʻololi i ke ʻano o kāna hoʻopili ʻana i nā cell (mutate). Inā hana ʻia kēlā, ʻaʻole paha e holo pono ka lāʻau lapaʻau āu e lawe ai. Inā pale kāu papa hana iā ʻoe mai ka lawe ʻana i kāu lāʻau lapaʻau i ka manawa kūpono a i ʻole ka mālama ʻana i nā manawa i hoʻonohonoho ʻia, e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i ia mea.

He aha kaʻu e manaʻo ai inā loaʻa iaʻu ka maʻi HIV?

Inā ua ʻike ʻia ʻoe he maʻi HIV, ʻo ka mea nui e ʻike ai, ʻo ka poʻe me ka HIV e hahai pololei ana i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo lapaʻau hiki iā lākou ke ola piha a lōʻihi, e like me ka mea me ka ʻole o ka maʻi HIV.

Ua hōʻike ʻia e ka noiʻi inā kiʻekiʻe ka helu o kāu mau cell CD4 a ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia kāu viral load i loko o hoʻokahi makahiki o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, e loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hopena maikaʻi loa, inā ʻoe e hoʻomau i ka hahai ʻana i ka hoʻolālā lāʻau.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaikaʻi i kou ʻano ma o ka hana ʻana i kēia mau mea:

• E hoʻāʻo ʻia ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka nānā olakino maʻamau, a i ʻole inā manaʻo ʻoe ua hōʻike ʻia ʻoe.
• E hoʻomaka i ka lāʻau ART i ka hikiwawe loa ma hope o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana he maʻi HIV.
• E lawe pono i kāu lāʻau lapaʻau i kēlā me kēia lā.
• E mālama i nā manawa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me kāu hui lapaʻau.

ʻOiai hiki i ka ART ke hōʻemi i ka nui o ka maʻi i loko o kou koko i nā pae hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻopau loa i ka maʻi mai kou kino (hiki iā ia ke moe i loko o kou mau cell). Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e lawe mau i kāu lāʻau lapaʻau, hiki i ka maʻi ke hoʻomaka hou e laha a loli, a hiki i kāu lāʻau lapaʻau ke oki i ka hana.

Inā ʻaʻole mālama ʻia, hiki ke hala ma kahi o 10 mau makahiki no ka HIV e holomua i ka AIDS. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka AIDS a waiho ʻole ʻia me ka mālama ʻole ʻia, hiki iā ʻoe ke manaʻo e ola no kahi o ʻekolu mau makahiki hou aku.

Eia nō naʻe, i waena o ka poʻe e mālama ʻia ana, inā kiʻekiʻe ka helu o nā cell CD4 a ʻike ʻole ʻia ka viral load i loko o hoʻokahi makahiki o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hiki iā lākou ke ola e like me ka lōʻihi o kekahi me ka ʻole o ka maʻi HIV. Inā haʻahaʻa ka helu o nā cell CD4 i loko o hoʻokahi makahiki o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, a inā ʻike ʻole ʻia ka viral load, e ola ana lākou he 10-20 mau makahiki ma lalo o kekahi me ka ʻole o ka maʻi HIV.

Ke nalo wale nei anei ka maʻi HIV?

ʻAʻole e nalowale ka maʻi HIV iā ia iho. No ka mea, ua hoʻohui ʻia i loko o kāu DNA, manaʻo kāu mau cell he ʻāpana ia o ʻoe. ʻOiai ʻaʻole paha ʻoe e loaʻa i kekahi mau hōʻailona no nā makahiki ma hope o ka maʻi mua, a ʻaʻole paha ʻoe e maʻi, hiki i ka maʻi HIV ke hoʻomau i ka hōʻino ʻana i kāu ʻōnaehana pale.

ʻOiai e lawe ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, aia paha kekahi mau manawa i haʻahaʻa loa ai ka maʻi e ʻike ʻia ma kahi hoʻāʻo HIV. I loko o kēia mau manawa, hiki i ka HIV ke hūnā ʻia i loko o kou kino, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia. Hiki iā ia ke "ala aʻe" i ka wā e hiki mai ana a hoʻomaka hou e luku i kāu mau cell.

ʻO ia ke kumu he mea nui loa ka hoʻomau ʻana i ka lawe ʻana i kāu lāʻau HIV, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e maʻi a i ʻole he mau pae i ʻike ʻole ʻia o ka maʻi. Me ka ʻole o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, hoʻonāwaliwali ka HIV i kou ʻōnaehana pale, a i ka hopena e hiki ʻole ai ke hakakā i nā maʻi koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe.

Pehea e hiki ai iaʻu ke hōʻemi i koʻu pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi HIV?

ʻO ke ala maikaʻi loa e hōʻemi ai i kou pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi HIV, ʻo ia ka ʻike i ke ʻano o ka laha ʻana a me ka pale ʻana iā ʻoe iho i kekahi mau hana. ʻO ka moe kolohe me ka pale ʻole a me ka kaʻana like ʻana i nā nila e hoʻokomo i nā lāʻau lapaʻau nā ala nui e laha ai ka maʻi HIV.

Eia kekahi mau ala e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hōʻemi i kou pilikia:

• E hoʻohana i nā condom latex (rubbers) no kekahi ʻano moekolohe (vaginal, anal, a waha paha). Mai hoʻohana i nā condom i hana ʻia mai nā huahana holoholona (e.g., ʻili hipa).
• E hoʻohana i nā lubricants wai (lotion).
• Mai kaʻana like i nā nila e hoʻokomo ai i nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
• E hoʻāʻo ʻia a mālama ʻia no nā maʻi ʻē aʻe i laha ma ke moekolohe (STI). ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o nā STI ʻē aʻe e hoʻonui i kou pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi HIV.
• Mai ʻona a hoʻohana paha i nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻowalewale iā ʻoe iho. ʻAʻole hiki i ka poʻe ʻona ke pale iā lākou iho.
• Inā ʻoe i ka pilikia nui o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi HIV, e nīnau i kāu kauka inā pono ʻoe e lawe i ka PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) .
• Inā manaʻo ʻoe ua loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi HIV, e ʻike koke i kāu kauka e ʻike inā pono ʻoe e lawe i ka PEP (Post-exposure prophylaxis) .
• E noʻonoʻo e hoʻāʻo ʻia e ʻike inā hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoili i ka maʻi HIV i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe.

He mea nui loa ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i ka condom no ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi HIV. E hoʻohana i ka condom kāne i ka wā o kekahi hana moekolohe e pili ana i kāu penis.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke pale i kou ʻōpū a i ʻole ka anus me nā pale niho a i ʻole nā ​​​​condom kūloko (condom wahine) . ʻO nā pale niho he mau ʻāpana pālahalaha o ka polyurethane a i ʻole latex hiki ke kau ʻia ma luna o ka ʻōpū a i ʻole ka anus i ka wā o ka moekolohe waha. Hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia kahi condom kūloko i loko o ka ʻōpū a i ʻole ka anus a hoʻohana ʻia.

E hoʻohana wale i hoʻokahi ʻano condom i ka manawa hoʻokahi. Mai hoʻohana i ka condom kāne a me ka condom kūloko i ka manawa like.

Hiki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ke pale aku i ka maʻi HIV?

Aia nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hiki ke kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi HIV no ka poʻe i hōʻike ʻia a i ʻole ka poʻe i pilikia nui i ka hōʻike ʻia. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau mea ʻo PrEP (Pre-exposure prophylaxis) a me PEP (Post-exposure prophylaxis) .

Ka pale ʻana ma mua o ka hōʻike ʻana (PrEP)

He pila PrEP āu e lawe ai i kēlā me kēia lā inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i loaʻa i ka HIV akā aia ʻoe i ka pilikia kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻi.

ʻOi aku hoʻi, inā ʻaʻohe ou maʻi HIV, ua moe kolohe ʻoe ma ka anal a i ʻole ka vaginal i loko o nā mahina ʻeono i hala iho nei, a inā he ʻoiaʻiʻo kekahi o kēia mau kūlana, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e lawe i ka PrEP:

• Loaʻa i kāu hoa moe ka maʻi HIV.
• ʻAʻole ʻoe i hoʻohana mau i ka condom.
• Ua loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi maʻi i laha ma ke moekolohe (STI) i loko o nā mahina ʻeono i hala.

Paipai ʻia ka PrEP inā ʻaʻohe ou maʻi HIV, hoʻokomo ʻoe i nā lāʻau lapaʻau, a inā he ʻoiaʻiʻo kekahi o kēia mau kūlana:

• Hoʻokomo ʻoe i nā lāʻau lapaʻau me kahi hoa i loaʻa i ka maʻi HIV.
• Ke kaʻana like nei ʻoe i nā nila a i ʻole nā ​​​​lako ʻē aʻe e hoʻokomo ai i nā lāʻau lapaʻau.

ʻAʻole ʻo PrEP kahi pani no nā ʻano palekana ʻē aʻe. ʻOiai ʻoe e lawe ana iā PrEP, pono ʻoe e hoʻohana i nā condom a pale i ka kaʻana like ʻana i nā nila e hoʻokomo i nā lāʻau lapaʻau.

Ka pale ʻana ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻana (PEP)

Hoʻohana ʻo PEP i ka lāʻau lapaʻau HIV e hoʻāʻo e pale i ka maʻi HIV i ka hikiwawe loa ma hope o kou hōʻike ʻia ʻana. ʻO PEP no ka poʻe i loaʻa ʻole ka HIV, a i ʻole ka poʻe i ʻike ʻole inā loaʻa iā lākou ka HIV akā manaʻo lākou ua hōʻike ʻia paha lākou ma o ka moekolohe ʻaelike, ka hoʻouka kaua moekolohe, ka kaʻana like ʻana i nā nila (a i ʻole nā ​​​​lako ʻē aʻe), a i ʻole ka hōʻike ʻana e pili ana i ka hana.

Pono ʻoe e hoʻomaka i ka PEP i loko o 72 mau hola o ka hōʻike ʻana a lawe i kēlā me kēia lā no 28 mau lā. No nā pilikia wale nō ka PEP, ʻaʻole ia he pani no nā ʻano palekana ʻē aʻe, e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka condom.

Inā loaʻa iaʻu ka maʻi HIV, pehea e hiki ai iaʻu ke pale aku i kona laha ʻana i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe?

ʻO nā ala maikaʻi loa e pale aku ai i ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi HIV i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, ua like ia me nā ala e pale aku ai iā ʻoe iho:

• E haʻi aku i kāu mau hoa moe kolohe a me ka poʻe e hoʻokomo lāʻau lapaʻau pū me ʻoe he maʻi HIV kou.
• E hahai i kāu hoʻolālā lapaʻau a mai hoʻokuʻu i kāu lāʻau lapaʻau. Inā ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia kāu ukana viral, ua emi nui kou pilikia o ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka maʻi HIV ma o ka moekolohe (U=U: ʻIke ʻole ʻia = ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoili ʻia).
• E kamaʻilio me kāu hoa moe e pili ana i ka lawe ʻana iā PrEP.
• ʻOiai inā ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia kāu ukana viral, e komo i nā condoms i ka wā o ka moekolohe vaginal, anal, a me ka waha.
• Mai kaʻana like i nā nila a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hana ʻē aʻe i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻokomo i nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
• E kaupalena i kāu helu o nā hoa moe.
• Inā hāpai ʻoe a loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi HIV, hiki i ka hahai ʻana i kāu hoʻolālā lapaʻau, me ka lāʻau lapaʻau ART, ke hōʻemi i ka pilikia o ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka maʻi i kāu pēpē.

Hiki iaʻu ke hāpai inā loaʻa iaʻu ka maʻi HIV?

Manaʻo kekahi poʻe e paʻakikī ana ka hāpai ʻana ma muli o ka maʻi HIV, akā, ʻaʻole ia he ʻoiaʻiʻo. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi HIV a makemake ʻoe e hāpai, e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka. Hiki iā ʻolua ke hana pū i kahi hoʻolālā e mālama iā ʻoe iho, kāu hoa, a me kāu mau keiki e hiki mai ana i ke olakino.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoili i ka maʻi HIV i kāu hoa ma o ka moekolohe pale ʻole ʻia, a i kāu pēpē i ka wā hāpai, hānau keiki, a me ka hānai waiū. Hiki i ka lawe ʻana i ka ART ke hōʻemi nui i ka pilikia o ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka maʻi HIV i kāu pēpē, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia kāu ukana viral. Hiki i kāu kauka ke ʻōlelo aku e hāʻawi ʻoe i kāu pēpē i ka waiū waiū ma kahi o ka waiū umauma.

Āhea wau e ʻike ai i kaʻu kauka?

Inā manaʻo ʻoe ua loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi HIV, e kāhea koke aku i kāu kauka. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka maʻi HIV, he mea nui loa e hoʻomaka i ka lāʻau i ka wā hikiwawe loa .

Inā ʻike mua ʻoe he maʻi HIV kou, e hahai i nā ʻōlelo a kāu kauka e pili ana i ka wā e kamaʻilio ai. He mea nui e mālama i kekahi ʻano maʻi, no laila e kamaʻilio me lākou inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona hou e like me ke kuni, ka hou ʻana i ka pō, ka maʻi diarrhea, a i ʻole kekahi mea ʻē aʻe e hopohopo nei iā ʻoe.

He aha nā nīnau e pono iaʻu e nīnau aku i kaʻu kauka?

• Aia anei au i ka pilikia nui o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi HIV?
• He aha kaʻu e hana ai e hōʻemi i koʻu pilikia o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka maʻi HIV?
• Pehea e hiki ai iaʻu ke hōʻoia i ka lawe pololei ʻana i kaʻu lāʻau lapaʻau?
• He aha kaʻu e hana ai e pale aku iaʻu iho mai nā maʻi ʻē aʻe?
• Pehea e pale ai i ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi HIV?
• He aha ka manaʻo o kaʻu mau hopena hoʻāʻo?
• He aha ke ʻano o koʻu mau helu koko?
• He aha nā lāʻau pale e pono iaʻu ke loaʻa?

ʻO ka mea hope loa, nā mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai (Leka Lawe-Home)

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā koho lapaʻau i kēia lā ma mua o ka wā ma mua o ka wā i loaʻa ai ka maʻi AIDS. Inā ʻike koke ʻia ʻoe, e kau i ka ART, a e hoʻomau i ia mea, loaʻa iā ʻoe ka manawa kūpono loa e ola ai i kahi ola lōʻihi. I kēia lā, hiki i ka poʻe e noho nei me ka HIV ke hana, loaʻa nā ola pilikanaka ikaika, hānai i nā ʻohana, a loaʻa nā pilina hoʻokō. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki i kēia mau mea ke loaʻa ka hopena maikaʻi i kou olakino noʻonoʻo.

ʻOiai ke ʻano o ka lāʻau lapaʻau i loaʻa iā mākou, akā, ʻo ka mea pōʻino, aia nō ka stigma e pili ana i ka maʻi HIV. Ma waho aʻe o ka makaʻu a me ka maopopo ʻole e hele mai me kahi hōʻailona hou, e hopohopo paha ʻoe no ke ʻano o ka pane ʻana o ka poʻe a puni ʻoe. Inā kānalua ʻoe e pili ana i ka hoʻāʻo ʻia a i ʻole ka mālama ʻia ʻana, a inā ʻaʻole ʻoe maopopo i kāu mau hana aʻe, e kamaʻilio me kahi hui kaiāulu i loea i ka maʻi HIV. E hoʻomanaʻo, he kuleana kou i ke kākoʻo, ke aloha, a me ka mālama ola kino kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO HIV, AIDS, ʻōnaehana pale, retrovirus, nā pūnaewele CD4, ka mālama ʻana i ka ART, ke olakino moekolohe