E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i nā kumu o ka make ʻana o nā pēpē?

I kēia lā, e kamaʻilio ana mākou e pili ana i kahi kumuhana koʻikoʻi iki, akā he mea nui loa. ʻO ia hoʻi, ka nalowale ʻana o nā pēpē liʻiliʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi, i loko o ka makahiki mua o ka hānau ʻana, e waiho ana iā mākou. ʻO kēia ka mea a nā kauka a me nā mea noiʻi e kapa nei he `(Infant Mortality)`. Ke lohe ʻoe i kēia huaʻōlelo, e noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe i nā helu helu, akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, aia ma hope o kēia kahi kaumaha hiki ʻole ke hoʻomanawanui, kahi hoka i loko o kahi ʻohana.

He aha ka make ʻana o nā pēpē? Ua maopopo anei iā kākou?

I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ke ʻano o ka make ʻana o kahi pēpē i loko o 12 mau mahina o ka hānau ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma mua o hoʻokahi makahiki. Aia kekahi huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe i kapa ʻia ʻo `(Neonatal mortality)`. Pili ia i ka make ʻana o kahi pēpē i loko o nā lā 28 mua o ka hānau ʻana. ʻOiai ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau huaʻōlelo no nā helu helu a me ka noiʻi, ma ke ola maoli he ʻike ʻeha loa kēia. Me he mea lā ua nalowale kekahi ʻāpana o ʻoe iho, a ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke noʻonoʻo pehea e neʻe ai i mua.

Akā no ke aha mākou e kamaʻilio nei e pili ana i kēia? No ka mea, ʻaʻole pono e hana ʻia nā mea e like me kēia. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia pēpē ke kuleana e hoʻomaka i ke ola olakino a hoʻolauleʻa ʻaʻole wale i ko lākou lā hānau mua a me ka lua, akā, he nui aku. Akā, ehia mau mea e pili ana i ke olakino o nā pēpē a me ko lākou mau ʻohana?

ʻO nā mea hoʻoholo pili kaiaulu o ke olakino, ka mea e hoʻopilikia i ko kākou olakino, e pili pinepine ana i kēia. E noʻonoʻo, inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e loaʻa i nā kumu e like me ka meaʻai a me ka mālama prenatal i ka wā hāpai, lilo ia i mea paʻakikī ke manaʻo i kahi pēpē olakino. Ke hoʻāʻo mau nei nā kānaka noiʻi a me nā kauka e wehe i kēlā mau pale a hana i kahi ʻano kahi e hiki ai i nā mea āpau ke loaʻa kahi hāpai olakino a hānau i nā pēpē olakino.

He aha nā kumu e hoʻokaʻawale ai nā kamaliʻi mai iā kākou?

Wahi a nā helu helu i kēia manawa ma ka honua, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma nā ʻāina e like me ʻAmelika, aia kekahi mau kumu nui o ka make ʻana o nā pēpē:

• Nā ʻano ʻē i hānau ʻia (a i ʻole nā ​​kīnā hānau): He mau pilikia kino a i ʻole nā ​​pilikia genetic like ʻole kēia e kū mai ana i ka wā e ulu ana kahi pēpē i loko o ka ʻōpū. He mea liʻiliʻi kekahi, aʻo kekahi hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i ke ola.
• Ka hānau mua ʻana a me ke kaumaha haʻahaʻa i ka wā hānau: ʻO nā pēpē i hānau ʻia ma mua o ka lā hānau, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma mua o 37 mau pule, hiki ke loaʻa i nā pilikia like ʻole no ka mea ʻaʻole i ulu piha ko lākou mau kino. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o nā pēpē i emi ke kaumaha ma mua o 2500 grams i ka wā hānau.
• ʻO ka maʻi make koke o nā pēpē (SIDS): He kūlana kaumaha loa kēia. ʻO ia ka wā e make koke ai kahi pēpē olakino, ʻoiai e hiamoe ana, me ke kumu ʻole.
• Nā ulia pōpilikia i manaʻo ʻole ʻia: ʻO kēia mau mea e komo pū me nā ulia kaʻa, ka hāʻule ʻana, ke piholo ʻana, a me ka hanu ʻana. ʻOiai he palupalu loa nā pēpē, he mea nui e mālama pono iā lākou.
• Nā pilikia o ka hāpai ʻana: ʻO nā kūlana e kū mai ana i ka makuahine i ka wā hāpai, e like me ke koko kiʻekiʻe, ka maʻi diabetes, a me nā maʻi, hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka pēpē.

Nā kumu e hoʻopilikia pono ana i nā pēpē hānau hou

ʻO nā kumu nui e hoʻopilikia nei i nā pēpē hānau hou, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā pēpē i loko o nā lā 28 mua, penei:

• Sepsis bacteria: He maʻi koʻikoʻi kēia.
• ʻO ka maʻi pilikia hanu: Hiki ke loaʻa kēia ʻano, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā pēpē hānau mua ʻia, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i hoʻomohala piha ʻia ko lākou mau māmā.
• Maʻi puʻuwai hānau: Nā pilikia me ke ʻano a i ʻole ka hana o ka puʻuwai i loaʻa i ka wā hānau .
• Hemorrhage: Ke kahe koko nui ʻana i loko o ka lolo a i ʻole ma kahi ʻē aʻe.

He aha ke kumu o ka make ʻana o nā pēpē i ka wā ma mua? Pehea ke kūlana i kēia manawa?

Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kumu o kēia manawa, i ka wā ma mua, ʻo ia hoʻi, i ka hopena o nā makahiki 1800, ʻo ke kumu nui o ka make ʻana o nā pēpē, ʻo ia nā maʻi lele . E noʻonoʻo, ehia mau ola liʻiliʻi i nalowale i nā maʻi e like me ka maʻi kahe, ka ʻūlū ʻana, ka maʻi ʻōpū, ka maʻi pneumonia, a me ka maʻi puʻupuʻu i kēlā manawa?

Eia nō naʻe, i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua loli nui kēia kūlana. ʻO nā hana olakino lehulehu e like me ka wai maʻemaʻe, ka pasteurization o ka waiū (kahi ʻano hana e pepehi ai i nā germs i loko o ka waiū), a me nā lāʻau pale i hiki ai ke pale i nā pēpē mai kēia mau maʻi lele.

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 1900, ua helu ʻia ma mua o 60% o ka make ʻana o nā pēpē ma muli o nā maʻi lele. Akā i ka hopena o nā makahiki 1990, ua hāʻule kēlā helu i 2%. He hoʻomaikaʻi nui kēia, ʻeā?

He aha kēia IMR (Infant Mortality Rate)? He aha kā kākou e aʻo ai mai ia mea?

Ua lohe paha ʻoe i ka huaʻōlelo ʻo `IMR`. ʻO `IMR` ke kū nei no `Infant Mortality Rate`. I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ia ka helu o nā pēpē e make ma mua o hoʻokahi makahiki mai kēlā me kēia 1,000 hānau ola. ʻAʻole ia e komo pū me nā hānau make a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​mea hāʻule.

Hoʻohana nā kānaka noiʻi i kēia waiwai `IMR` e aʻo ai pehea e make ai nā pēpē ma waena o nā hui heluna kanaka like ʻole (e.g., i loko o kahi ʻāina, ʻāpana, lāhui, pae loaʻa kālā). ʻAe kēia iā lākou e hoʻomaopopo i nā mea he nui:

• E ʻike i nā kānaka a me nā wahi e pono ai nā kumuwaiwai a me ke kākoʻo hou aku no ka hāpai ʻana a me ka hānau keiki olakino.
• ʻAʻole wale kēia e hāʻawi i ka ʻike i ka make ʻana o nā pēpē, akā, i ke olakino holoʻokoʻa o kahi kaiāulu a i ʻole kahi hui o nā kānaka. No ka mea, he nui nā mea e hoʻopilikia ai i ka make ʻana o nā pēpē (e like me ke komo ʻana i nā lawelawe olakino a me nā kumuwaiwai) e hoʻopilikia i nā mea āpau o kēlā hui.
• Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia ʻikepili, hiki iā mākou ke hana i nā kulekele a hana i nā hoʻololi e pono ai no nā hāpai keiki olakino a me nā pēpē olakino.

He ʻike iki i ke kūlana o ka honua a me ko mākou ʻāina

ʻOiai ma kahi ʻāina holomua e like me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻo ka `IMR` i ka makahiki 2022 he 5.6 no 1,000 hānau ola. Eia kekahi, ma waena o kekahi mau hui lāhui ma ia ʻāina (e.g. ʻApelika ʻAmelika), ʻo kēia helu he pālua ia o ka awelika aupuni. Hōʻike kēia i ka nui o ka ʻokoʻa ma loko o kahi ʻāina.

ʻOkoʻa loa kēia waiwai `IMR` ma waena o nā ʻāina like ʻole o ka honua. Eia kekahi laʻana:

• ʻO kekahi o nā ʻāina me ka `IMR` kiʻekiʻe loa: ʻo Sierra Leone, Central African Republic, Nigeria, Somalia. ʻO kekahi o kēia mau ʻāina he ʻoi aku ma mua o 70 mau make pēpē no 1000 mau hānau ʻana.
• ʻO kekahi o nā ʻāina me ka `IMR` haʻahaʻa loa: Iapana, Singapore, Norewai, Slovenia. He haʻahaʻa loa ka helu make ʻana o 2 pēpē no 1000 hānau ʻana o kēia mau ʻāina.

Hōʻike maopopo kēia i ka nui o nā manawa kūpono o kahi pēpē e hoʻolauleʻa ai i ko lākou lā hānau mua e loli ma muli o kahi i hānau ʻia ai lākou a me nā kumuwaiwai i loaʻa iā lākou (ʻoi aku hoʻi nā lawelawe olakino). Ma Sri Lanka, ua ʻoi aku mākou ma mua o nā ʻāina e ulu ana ma kēia ʻano. ʻO kā mākou mālama ola kino manuahi, ʻoi aku hoʻi ka ʻōnaehana keʻena makuahine a me ke keiki, he ikaika nui ia i kēia. Akā he nui kā mākou e hana ai e hoʻomaikaʻi hou aku i kēia kūlana.

He aha kā kākou e hana ai e pale aku ai i kēia mau make ʻana o nā pēpē?

ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻole hiki ke pale ʻia nā make pēpē āpau. Aia kekahi mau kumu i hiki ʻole ke kāohi ʻia, ʻoiai me ka ʻenehana maikaʻi loa a me nā kauka maikaʻi loa. Akā ua ʻike mākou ʻo ka mālama āu e loaʻa ai i ka wā hāpai a ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o ke pēpē hiki ke hana i kahi ʻokoʻa nui.

ʻO kahi pilikia honua, ʻaʻole hiki i nā kānaka a pau ke loaʻa nā lawelawe olakino a me nā kumuwaiwai like. Ke hoʻāʻo mau nei nā kānaka noiʻi a me nā mea hoʻokumu kulekele e hoʻoponopono i kēia pilikia. ʻO ka pahuhopu no nā kānaka a pau e loaʻa ke komo ʻole i nā kumuwaiwai e pono ai lākou e pale i ko lākou olakino ponoʻī a me kā lākou mau keiki.

Ma ke ʻano pilikino, aia kekahi mau mea hiki iā ʻoe ke hana e hōʻoia i ka hāpai olakino a me kahi pēpē olakino:

• Ka mālama ʻana i kou olakino ma mua o kou hāpai ʻana: Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi mau maʻi olakino mau (e like me ka maʻi diabetes, ke koko kiʻekiʻe), e ʻike i ke kauka a e hoʻomalu iā lākou ma mua o kou hāpai ʻana.
• Ke hele ʻana i nā keʻena antenatal e like me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana: E hele i kēlā me kēia keʻena e like me ka ʻōlelo a kāu kauka/kahu wahine. E hōʻoia kēia e nānā mau ʻia ke olakino o ʻoe a me kāu pēpē.
• Ke hahai nei i nā ʻōlelo aʻo a kāu kauka: E hahai pono i nā ʻōlelo aʻo a kāu kauka e pili ana i nā mea āu e hana ai (e laʻa, ka meaʻai momona, nā huaora i kuhikuhi ʻia) a me nā mea āu e hana ʻole ai (e laʻa, ka puhipaka, ka waiʻona) i ka wā hāpai.
• Ke hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi wahi hiamoe palekana no kāu pēpē: He mea nui loa kēia e pale aku ai i ka SIDS. Mai hoʻomoe i kāu pēpē me ke alo i lalo, e kau i kāu pēpē ma kona kua ma luna o kahi moena paʻa. Mai kau i nā mea pāʻani a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​pale moe ma kahi moe.
• Ke hoʻohana ʻana i kahi noho kaʻa no ka palekana o kāu pēpē i ka wā e holo ana i loko o ke kaʻa: E hoʻohana i kahi noho kaʻa i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia e kūpono i kāu pēpē i kēlā me kēia huakaʻi.

Nānā koke nā kauka i ke pēpē ma hope o kona hānau ʻia ʻana ma ka haukapila. ʻAe kēia iā lākou e ʻike koke i nā pilikia olakino a hoʻomaka i ka lāʻau e pono ai.

ʻO ka mea hope loa, ʻo ka mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo ai (Leka Lawe-Home)

Ua ʻike mākou ʻaʻole kēia he kumuhana maʻalahi e kamaʻilio e pili ana a i ʻole e noʻonoʻo ai. I kou heluhelu ʻana i kēia, e makaʻu paha ʻoe, e hopohopo, a e kaumaha paha, ʻoiai inā ua loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi mea like. Malia paha ke ʻimi nei ʻoe i nā kumu no kēia. A i ʻole, inā ʻoe he kanaka i hele mai e aʻo hou e pili ana i kēia, manaʻo paha ʻoe e pono ʻoe e hana i kekahi mea e pili ana i ia mea.

ʻOiai kāu moʻolelo pilikino, he mea nui e ʻike i kēia: Ke hana ikaika nei nā loea olakino, nā mea noiʻi, a me nā aupuni a puni ka honua i kēlā me kēia lā e hōʻemi i kēia mau make pēpē a hāʻawi i kēlā me kēia pēpē i kahi hoʻomaka olakino i ke ola.

No ka mea , ʻaʻohe ʻohana e pono e ʻeha i ka nalowale ʻana o kahi pēpē. ʻO ka nui o kā mākou aʻo ʻana e pili ana i kēia, ʻo ka nui o kā mākou ʻike ʻana i nā mea hou me nā holomua ʻepekema, ʻo ka nui o kā mākou hiki ke kōkua i ko mākou mau ʻohana a hoʻokumu i kahi ʻano e hiki ai i kēlā me kēia mea liʻiliʻi ke hoʻokipa ʻia i kēia ao me ke aloha.

Make ʻana o nā pēpē, Make ʻana o nā pēpē, Ola kino, Mālama hāpai keiki, SIDS, Nā kīnā hānau, Kaumaha haʻahaʻa i ka hānau ʻana, Ola kino makuahine, Ola kino keiki