Ua ʻike anei ʻoe, a i ʻole ua ʻike paha, i ka pahū koke ʻana o ka ʻakaʻaka me ke kumu ʻole, a i ʻole ka pahū ʻana o ka uē hiki ʻole ke kāohi? I kekahi manawa, ʻoi aku kou pane ʻana i kahi mea liʻiliʻi ma mua o ke kaumaha a i ʻole ka hauʻoli āu e manaʻo ai. Inā ua loaʻa iā ʻoe kēia ʻike, he mea nui e ʻike e pili ana i ke kūlana a mākou e kamaʻilio ai i kēia lā, ʻo Pseudobulbar Affect, a i ʻole PBA no ka pōkole.
Ua ʻike anei ʻoe i ke ʻano o ka Pseudobulbar Affect (PBA)?
I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ka Pseudobulbar Affect (PBA) kahi maʻi neurological e hoʻomake ai iā ʻoe e ʻakaʻaka a uē paha me ke kāohi ʻole ʻia, ma ke ʻano ʻaʻole kūlike me kou mau manaʻo maoli. E noʻonoʻo ʻoe aia ʻoe i loko o kahi kūlana kaumaha, akā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻōki i ka ʻakaʻaka. A i ʻole, aia ʻoe ma kahi pāʻina hauʻoli, akā makemake ʻoe e uē mau i nā manawa a pau. ʻO kēia ka hōʻailona nui o ka PBA.
Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia kūlana e ka hōʻino ʻana o ka lolo a i ʻole kekahi kūlana neurological ʻē aʻe. No ka laʻana, hiki i kahi kanaka me kahi maʻi e like me ka "Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)" ke loaʻa i kēia kūlana.
I kekahi manawa, ʻoiai paha he kūpono kēia ʻakaʻaka a uē paha i ka manawa, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka kaohi ʻana ma mua o ka mea maʻamau. Eia kekahi, hiki i kēia mau ʻōlelo naʻau ke ikaika loa a lōʻihi ma mua o ka mea maʻamau . Ua like ia me ka hoʻohuli ʻana i kahi piula wai a ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻōki.
Ua kapa ʻia ʻo PBA e kekahi mau inoa ʻē aʻe:
- Ka lohi o ka naʻau
- ʻAkaʻaka a me ka uē ʻana o ka maʻi pathological
- Ka maʻi hōʻike manaʻo makemake ʻole
- ʻAkaʻaka a uē paha
- ʻO ka hiki ʻole ke kāohi i nā manaʻo
Hiki i ka PBA ke loaʻa ka hopena nui i kou ola, kou ʻohana, a me ka poʻe e mālama ana iā ʻoe. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻoulu i nā manaʻo hilahila, hopohopo , a me ka noho kaʻawale.
Pehea ka maʻamau o ka PBA?
Ua manaʻo nā kānaka noiʻi aia ma waena o 2 a me 7 miliona mau kānaka ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa wale nō ka ʻeha o ka PBA. ʻO ke kumu o kēia ʻano nui o ka helu ʻana, ʻo ia ka ʻokoʻa o ke koʻikoʻi o ka PBA a ʻaʻole i ʻike pono ʻia. He hiki paha i ka poʻe me kēia maʻi ma Sri Lanka ke loaʻa ʻole ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma muli o ka naʻaupō.
ʻO wai ka mea i hoʻopilikia nui ʻia e ka PBA?
ʻO kēia kūlana, i kapa ʻia ʻo Pseudobulbar Affect (PBA), hiki ke hoʻopilikia i kekahi o kēlā me kēia makahiki, me nā keiki a me nā pākeke, me kekahi ʻano maʻi neurological i loko o ka lolo.
E like me ka hōʻike ʻana o nā haʻawina:
- Ma kahi o 50% o ka poʻe me Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) e loaʻa paha iā lākou ka PBA.
- Ma kahi o 48% o ka poʻe me ka ʻeha lolo traumatic (TBI) a i ʻole ka ʻeha lolo koʻikoʻi.
- Hoʻopilikia kēia maʻi i kahi 46% o ka poʻe me ka Multiple Sclerosis (MS).
Ke hoʻopilikia nei anei ʻo Pseudobulbar i kahi maʻi noʻonoʻo?
Manaʻo paha kekahi poʻe he maʻi noʻonoʻo ka PBA. No ka mea, pili kēia mau mea e like me ka ʻakaʻaka a me ka uē ʻana i ko kākou ʻano. Eia nō naʻe, no ka mea, ua hōʻino ʻia ka PBA e nā kaapuni neural i loko o ka lolo , ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo ia he 'neuropsychiatric syndrome', ʻo ia hoʻi, he hōʻiliʻili o nā hōʻailona neuropsychiatric. I ka ʻōlelo maʻalahi, ʻo ka PBA kahi maʻi o ka hōʻike ʻana o ka naʻau e kū mai ana me kahi maʻi lolo.
He aha nā hōʻailona o ka PBA?
I mea e maopopo ai iā ʻoe ka PBA, he mea nui e ʻike i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ke 'manaʻo' a me ke 'affect'. ʻO ke ʻano ka manaʻo āu e loaʻa ai i loko ou iho. ʻO ia hoʻi, nā mea āu wale nō e hiki ke manaʻo ai, e like me ke kaumaha, ka huhū, a i ʻole ka hauʻoli. ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻopilikia ʻana ke ʻano o ka hōʻike ʻana i kou mau manaʻo i waho, e like me ka minoʻaka a i ʻole ka uē ʻana, hiki i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe ke ʻike.
No laila, ʻo ka hōʻailona nui o ka Pseudobulbar Affect (PBA) ʻo ia ka hōʻike ʻana o nā manaʻo (affect) i kūlike ʻole me kou ʻano a i ʻole ka ikaika o kou mau manaʻo. ʻO nā hōʻailona maʻamau ka uē a me ka ʻakaʻaka.
Hiki i kēia ʻakaʻaka a/a i ʻole uē ke like me kēia:
- Mea i manaʻo ʻole ʻia, koke, a ma waho o ke kaohi.
- Nui loa no ka hanana. (e.g. ʻakaʻaka no nā hola i kahi ʻakaʻaka liʻiliʻi)
- Loaʻa ia me ke kumu ʻike ʻole ʻia.
I kekahi manawa, hiki ke kū mai ka huhū a i ʻole ka hoʻonāukiuki hiki ʻole ke kāohi ʻia.
Ma muli o ka pili pinepine ʻana o ka PBA me kahi maʻi neurological e like me ka ʻeha o ka lolo a i ʻole ka amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), hiki i ka poʻe me PBA ke loaʻa nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ke kūlana.
He aha nā kumu o ka PBA?
ʻAʻole ʻike maopopo nā kānaka noiʻi i ke kumu kikoʻī o ka Pseudobulbar Affect. Manaʻo lākou ua hana ʻia ia e nā hoʻopilikia ʻana i nā ala neurological i loko o ko kākou lolo e kaohi ana i ka hōʻike ʻana o nā manaʻo.
Aia kekahi mau kūlana neurological e pili ana me PBA hiki ke hana i kēia mau haunaele:
- ʻEha lolo traumatic
- ʻO ka maʻi ʻo Lou Gehrig ka maʻi ʻo Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
- ʻO ka sclerosis lehulehu (MS)
- ʻO ka maʻi o Alzheimer a me nā ʻano dementia ʻē aʻe
- Hahau
- ka maʻi o Parkinson
- Nā puʻupuʻu lolo
- ʻEpilepsy
- ka maʻi o Wilson
He aha nā ʻāpana o ka lolo e hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka PBA?
Ua manaʻo ʻia he hopena nui ka PBA i nā wahi like ʻole o ka lolo ma ke ala cerebro-ponto-cerebellar.
ʻO kahi ʻāpana o kēia alahele ʻo ko kākou lolo liʻiliʻi (Cerebellum).Hana ʻia kēia ma ka nānā ʻana i kā mākou mau pane naʻau a me ka hōʻoia ʻana he kūpono lākou no ke kūlana pilikanaka. Inā hoʻopilikia ʻia nā ala neural mai kekahi mau wahi o ka lolo a i ka cerebellum, hiki ke nalowale ka mana ma luna o ka hōʻike ʻana o nā manaʻo.
Eia kekahi, hiki i nā neurotransmitters ma lalo nei ke pili i ka PBA:
- Serotonin
- ʻO ka Norepinephrine `(Norepinephrine)`
- Dopamine
- Glutamate
- ʻAsetilokolina `(ʻAsetilokolina)`
Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai ka PBA?
Hiki i ka Pseudobulbar affect (PBA) ke lilo i maʻi paʻakikī e ʻike . Hiki i nā kauka ke kuhihewa iā ia no ka maʻi noʻonoʻo - ʻoiai ke kaumaha a i ʻole ka maʻi bipolar.
I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe hoʻāʻo kikoʻī e ʻike ai i ka PBA. Hoʻoholo nā kauka i ke kūlana ma muli o kāu:
- Nā hōʻailona
- Ka mōʻaukala lapaʻau, ʻoiai e pili ana i nā maʻi neurological
- Moʻolelo olakino noʻonoʻo
- ʻIke mai ka hoʻokolokolo kino
Hoʻoholo ʻia kahi hopena ma hope o ke aʻo pono ʻana i kēia mau mea a pau.
No ke aha i huikau ai ʻo PBA me ke kaumaha?
ʻO ka hopena Pseudobulbar (PBA) kahi kūlana i huikau pinepine ʻia me ka maʻi noʻonoʻo, ʻoi aku ka kaumaha.
ʻO kēia ka mea e hana ʻia ke loaʻa pinepine ʻoe i nā hanana uē, kahi hōʻailona nui o PBA. Hiki i ka poʻe me PBA ke loaʻa i ke kaumaha no nā kumu ʻē aʻe, a ma muli hoʻi o ke kūlana PBA ponoʻī. Eia naʻe, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke kaumaha, nā hanana uē ma PBA:
- Hoʻomaka koke ia, e like me ka pahū ʻana.
- He manawa pōkole wale nō ia e mau ai.
- ʻAʻole ia e pili pinepine me ke kaumaha kūloko lōʻihi.
ʻOiai ke kaumaha mau nei ka poʻe me ke kaumaha, ʻaʻole lākou e uē pinepine. Inā paha e hana pēlā, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ia ma mua o ka PBA. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe o ke kaumaha, e like me ka insomnia a me ka nalowale o ka makemake, ma ka PBA.
He aha nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka PBA?
ʻAʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau no ka Pseudobulbar Affect (PBA). Eia nō naʻe, aia nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hiki ke kōkua i ka kaohi ʻana. ʻO ka pahuhopu nui o ka mālama ʻana, ʻo ia ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka ikaika a me ke koʻikoʻi o kēia mau ʻakaʻaka a me ka uē ʻana i kāohi ʻole ʻia.
ʻO nā ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau a nā kauka e kuhikuhi ai no PBA:
- ʻO Dextromethorphan/quinidine sulfate (Nuedexta®): ʻO kēia ka lāʻau lapaʻau mua i ʻāpono ʻia e ka FDA (US Food and Drug Administration) e mālama i ka PBA. Loaʻa iā ia kahi lāʻau lapaʻau kūkū (dextromethorphan) a me kahi mahele haʻahaʻa loa o kahi lāʻau i hoʻohana mua ʻia e mālama i nā maʻi puʻuwai (quinidine sulfate).
- Nā lāʻau hoʻohaʻahaʻa kaumaha:Hiki i nā lāʻau antidepressant e like me `(Tricyclic antidepressants)`, `(Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors - SSRIs)`, a me `(Norepinephrine/Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors - SNRIs)` ke kōkua i ka kaohi ʻana i nā hōʻailona PBA. Eia nō naʻe, hāʻawi pinepine ʻia kēia mau mea ma nā dosis haʻahaʻa ma mua o nā mea i hāʻawi ʻia no ke kaumaha.
E like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau āpau, hiki ke loaʻa nā hopena ʻaoʻao. Pono ʻoe e hana pū me ke kauka e koho i ka hoʻolālā lapaʻau kūpono loa iā ʻoe.
Hiki ke pale ʻia ka PBA?
Ma muli o ka hopena o ka Pseudobulbar Affect e ka hōʻino ʻana o ka lolo a me nā kūlana neurological, ʻaʻohe mea hiki ke hana ʻia e pale aku ai.
He aha ka wānana no ka PBA?
ʻOkoʻa ka nānā ʻana no nā PBA mai kēlā kanaka a kēia kanaka.
Inā ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia a mālama ʻia ke ʻano, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia o ka poʻe me PBA:
- Kaumaha
- Hopohopo
- Ua emi nā pilina pilikanaka
- Ka emi ʻana o ke ʻano o ke ola
Hiki i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ke kōkua i ka kaohi ʻana i nā hōʻailona. Hiki ke paʻakikī ke ʻike a mālama. Eia nō naʻe, he mea nui e ʻōlelo no ʻoe iho a hoʻāʻo. ʻO nā kauka i ʻike maikaʻi loa e pili ana i kēia maʻi he neuropsychologists, neurologists, a me psychiatrist.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ka hopena o ka Pseudobulbar?
ʻO ka hopena pseudobulbar he maʻi maʻi mau loa ia, ʻoiai ʻo nā kūlana olakino kumu e hoʻokumu ai (e like me ka sclerosis maha, ka maʻi Alzheimer) he lōʻihi pinepine ia.
He aha kāu e hana ai e ola kūleʻa me PBA? (Nā hoʻolālā hoʻoponopono)
Eia kekahi mau ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻomanawanui i ka PBA a kāohi i kou ʻakaʻaka/uē koke ʻana:
- Ke hiki mai ka ʻakaʻaka/uē ʻana, e hanu hohonu a hiki i ka wā e mālie ai.
- E noʻonoʻo i kahi mea ʻē aʻe i kēlā manawa, e kālele i luna.
- E hoʻomaha i kou poʻohiwi a me nā ʻiʻo o ka maka a hoʻēmi i ke koʻikoʻi.
- Inā hiki, e hoʻololi i kou kūlana.
- E haʻi aku i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe e pili ana i kou kūlana i ʻike lākou i ka mea e manaʻo ai a ʻaʻole e kuhihewa iā ʻoe.
- Inā hoʻopilikia ka PBA i kou olakino noʻonoʻo, e ʻike i kahi kākāʻōlelo olakino noʻonoʻo .
Āhea wau e ʻike ai i ke kauka?
Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka PBA, ʻaʻole holo pono kāu lāʻau lapaʻau, a i ʻole ke loaʻa nei iā ʻoe nā hopena ʻaoʻao maikaʻi ʻole, e kamaʻilio me kāu kauka e pili ana i kahi lāʻau lapaʻau hou.
Hiki i ka ʻakaʻaka a me ka uē ʻana me ke kāohi ʻole ke lilo i mea paʻakikī, hilahila, a paʻakikī hoʻi i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe ke hoʻomaopopo. Akā e hoʻomanaʻo, he maʻi olakino ka Pseudobulbar Affect (PBA), a hiki ke mālama ʻia me ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā hōʻailona o ka PBA, e kamaʻilio me ke kauka. Eia lākou e kōkua iā ʻoe.
ʻO nā mea nui loa e pono ai ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo mai nā mea a mākou i kūkākūkā ai (Leka Lawe-Home)
ʻAe, eia nā mea nui e pono ai ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo e pili ana i ka Pseudobulbar Affect (PBA) a mākou i kamaʻilio ai i kēia lā:
- He maʻi neurological ka PBA e hoʻohenehene ai a uē paha ʻoe me ke kāohi ʻole, ma ke ʻano e kūlike ʻole me kou mau manaʻo.
- Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia kēia me kekahi maʻi neurological ʻē aʻe (e like me ALS, MS, Stroke, TBI).
- ʻAʻole he maʻi noʻonoʻo ka PBA, akā hiki ke huikau me nā kūlana e like me ke kaumaha.
- ʻOiai ʻaʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau piha no kēia, aia nā lāʻau lapaʻau e kāohi i nā hōʻailona.
- Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kēia mau hōʻailona, he mea nui loa ia e ʻimi i ke aʻo lapaʻau me ka hilahila ʻole a me ka makaʻu ʻole.
- ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kāu poʻe aloha e pili ana i kēia kūlana e maʻalahi ai nā mea no ʻoe a me lākou.
Manaʻolana wau he mea kōkua kēia ʻike iā ʻoe. Inā he mau nīnau hou aku kāu e pili ana i kēia, mai kānalua e kamaʻilio me ke kauka.
ʻO ka hopena Pseudobulbar, PBA, Neuropathy, ʻAkaʻaka hiki ʻole ke kāohi, Uē hiki ʻole ke kāohi, Lability Manaʻo, Nā maʻi lolo
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