Cia peb kawm txhua yam txog Pituitary Gland: tus "thawj coj" me me ntawm koj lub cev!

Koj puas tau xav tias ib lub qog me me hauv koj lub cev, zoo li lub cav ntawm lub tsheb, tswj koj lub cev tag nrho? Nws puas tsis zoo kawg? Lub qog me me no, me npaum li taum pauv, nyob hauv qab peb lub hlwb, uas ua ntau yam zoo kawg nkaus, hu ua lub qog pituitary . Cia peb tham txog tus thawj coj me me no kom meej hnub no, puas yog?

Lub qog pituitary yog dab tsi? Nws nyob qhov twg?

Hais yooj yim xwb, koj lub qog pituitary yog ib lub qog me me li lub taum pauv, nyob ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm koj lub hlwb, hauv qab lwm qhov tseem ceeb hu ua hypothalamus . Nws nyob hauv ib lub chamber me me, tiv thaiv ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm koj lub hlwb. Peb hu lub chamber no ua Sella Turcica . Qhov no yog ib feem ntawm koj lub endocrine system . Nws ua ntau hom tshuaj hormones uas tseem ceeb rau peb lub cev, thiab nws qhia lwm cov qog endocrine kom tso cov tshuaj hormones no. Nws me me, tab sis nws ua haujlwm loj, puas yog?

Tam sim no koj yuav xav paub tias lub qog yog dab tsi thiab cov tshuaj hormones yog dab tsi.

Ib lub qog yog ib lub cev uas tsim ib lossis ntau yam tshuaj, xws li cov tshuaj hormones, cov kua zaub mov, hws, thiab kua muag. Cov qog endocrine tso cov tshuaj hormones ncaj qha mus rau hauv cov ntshav.

Cov tshuaj hormones zoo li cov tshuaj xa xov uas sib koom tes ua haujlwm ntawm peb lub cev. Lawv mus ncig los ntawm cov ntshav thiab nqa cov lus mus rau cov kabmob, daim tawv nqaij, cov leeg, thiab lwm yam nqaij. Cov lus no qhia rau lub cev tias yuav ua li cas thiab thaum twg yuav ua.

Koj lub qog pituitary muab faib ua ob ntu tseem ceeb: lub pituitary pem hauv ntej ( lub lobe pem hauv ntej) thiab lub pituitary posterior ( lub lobe tom qab). Lub qog no txuas nrog hypothalamus los ntawm ib txoj hlab ntsha me me thiab cov hlab ntsha hu ua pituitary stalk lossis infundibulum .

Cov tshuaj hormones tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas tsim los ntawm cov qog pituitary yog dab tsi?

Tam sim no cia peb saib seb cov tshuaj hormones tseem ceeb twg los ntawm lub qog me me no.

Cov tshuaj hormones los ntawm Anterior Lobe

Qhov no tsim thiab tso tawm ntau cov tshuaj hormones tseem ceeb rau hauv cov ntshav.

• Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) lossis corticotrophin: Qhov no cuam tshuam rau txoj kev uas peb lub cev teb rau kev ntxhov siab . Nws ua rau koj cov qog adrenal tsim cov "hormone ntxhov siab" cortisol . Cortisol muaj ntau yam haujlwm. Piv txwv li, nws tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev , tswj cov ntshav siab , tswj cov ntshav qab zib , thiab txo qhov o .
• Cov tshuaj hormones txhawb nqa follicle (FSH):Yog koj yog ib tug txiv neej, FSH ua rau cov phev tsim tawm. Yog koj yog ib tug poj niam, FSH ua rau cov zes qe tsim cov estrogen , uas kuj pab cov qe loj hlob. Nws kuj hu ua cov tshuaj hormone gonadotrophic .
• Cov tshuaj hormones loj hlob (GH): Qhov no pab cov menyuam yaus loj hlob, txhais tau tias lawv loj hlob siab dua. Hauv cov neeg laus, nws pab tswj cov leeg nqaij thiab pob txha kom noj qab nyob zoo thiab tswj cov rog khaws cia. GH kuj tseem cuam tshuam rau koj cov metabolism (txoj kev uas koj hloov cov khoom noj uas koj noj mus ua zog).
• Luteinizing hormone (LH): Ua rau cov qe qe tawm yog tias koj muaj zes qe menyuam, thiab ua rau cov testosterone ntau ntxiv yog tias koj muaj noob qes. LH kuj yog ib yam tshuaj gonadotrophic vim nws tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov zes qe menyuam thiab noob qes (tseem hu ua gonads ).
• Prolactin: Qhov no ua rau muaj mis tom qab yug menyuam. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev muaj menyuam thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib deev ntawm cov neeg laus.
• Cov tshuaj hormones uas ua rau lub thyroid ua haujlwm (TSH): TSH ua rau koj lub qog thyroid ua haujlwm kom tsim cov tshuaj hormones thyroid, uas pab tswj koj cov metabolism, cov qib zog, thiab lub paj hlwb .

Cov tshuaj hormones los ntawm Posterior Lobe

Qhov no tsis tsim cov tshuaj hormones, tab sis ob lub tshuaj hormones uas hypothalamus tsim tawm khaws cia ntawm no thiab tso tawm rau hauv cov ntshav thaum xav tau.

• Cov tshuaj hormones antidiuretic (ADH) lossis vasopressin: Cov tshuaj hormones no ua kom cov dej thiab sodium hauv koj lub cev sib npaug.
• Oxytocin: Oxytocin yog tsim los ntawm hypothalamus thiab khaws cia thiab tso tawm los ntawm lub qog pituitary. Nws pab txhawb kev yug menyuam los ntawm kev xa cov cim mus rau lub tsev menyuam kom cog lus thaum lub sijhawm yug menyuam. Nws kuj tseem pab txhawb kom cov kua mis tawm thiab txhawb kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov niam txiv thiab cov menyuam mos. Oxytocin kuj tseem ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev txav mus los ntawm cov phev.

Cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub qog pituitary yog dab tsi?

Tej zaum koj twb nkag siab lawm tias lub qog me me no tseem ceeb npaum li cas. Nov yog qee qhov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm nws:

• Kev loj hlob
• Kev zom zaub mov (uas yog, koj hloov cov khoom noj uas koj noj mus ua lub zog thiab tswj lub zog ntawd li cas)
• Kev tsim tawm
• Kev teb rau kev ntxhov siab lossis kev raug mob lub cev
• Kev pub niam mis
• Kev sib npaug ntawm dej thiab sodium (ntsev)
• Kev yug menyuam thiab kev yug menyuam

Xav txog lub thermostat hauv koj lub tsev.Zoo li ib qho. Lub thermostat yeej ib txwm saib xyuas qhov kub hauv koj lub tsev thiab ua haujlwm kom koj xis nyob, puas yog? Nws xa cov cim mus rau lub tshuab cua sov thiab lub tshuab txias kom nce lossis txo qhov kub ntawm qhov no, kom tswj tau qhov kub hauv koj lub tsev kom nyob rau qee qib.

Koj lub qog pituitary zoo li koj, saib xyuas koj lub cev cov dej num. Lub qog pituitary xa cov lus mus rau koj cov kabmob thiab cov qog los ntawm nws cov tshuaj hormones, hais tias, 'Nov yog yam koj yuav tsum ua, lub sijhawm no.' Cov chaw teeb tsa twg yog qhov zoo rau koj lub cev nyob ntawm ntau yam, xws li koj lub hnub nyoog thiab poj niam txiv neej.

Kev sib raug zoo ntawm hypothalamus thiab pituitary gland yog dab tsi?

Koj lub qog pituitary thiab hypothalamus ua haujlwm ua ke los tsim lub Hypothalamus-Pituitary complex . Qhov no zoo li lub chaw tswj hwm tseem ceeb ntawm koj lub hlwb, tswj cov haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm koj lub cev.

Lub hypothalamus yog ib feem ntawm koj lub hlwb uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau qee yam ntawm lub cev lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Nws xa cov lus mus rau koj lub paj hlwb autonomic , uas tswj cov khoom xws li ntshav siab, lub plawv dhia, thiab kev ua pa. Nws kuj qhia rau lub qog pituitary kom tsim thiab tso cov tshuaj hormones uas cuam tshuam rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev.

Raws li peb tau hais lawm, lub qog pituitary txuas nrog hypothalamus los ntawm lub qia pituitary . Nws yog los ntawm lub qia no uas hypothalamus sib txuas lus nrog lub qog pituitary pem hauv ntej los ntawm cov tshuaj hormones thiab nrog lub qog pituitary tom qab los ntawm cov hlab ntsha impulses. Oxytocin thiab antidiuretic hormone kuj tsim los ntawm hypothalamus. Lub hypothalamus yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev khaws cia thiab tso cov tshuaj hormones no rau lub qog pituitary tom qab.

Lub hypothalamus sib txuas lus nrog thiab ua rau lub qog pituitary ua haujlwm, tsim cov tshuaj hormones xws li:

• Corticotrophin-tso cov tshuaj hormones (CRH)
• Dopamine
• Gonadotropin-tso cov tshuaj hormones (GnRH)
• Kev loj hlob hormone-tso cov tshuaj hormones (GHRH)
• Somatostatin
• Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

Vim tias ob qho no (hypothalamus thiab pituitary) ua haujlwm ze ua ke, yog tias ib qho puas lawm, nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj hormones ntawm lwm tus.

Puas ua tau kom nyob tsis muaj lub qog pituitary?

Yog, koj ua tau nyob yam tsis muaj koj lub qog pituitary, tab sis ua li ntawd, koj yuav tsum noj tshuaj hu ua kev kho mob hloov pauv los hloov cov tshuaj hormones pituitary uas ploj lawm. Vim tias cov tshuaj hormones pituitary yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj hwm ntau yam haujlwm hauv lub cev. Yog tias tag nrho cov tshuaj hormones pituitary ploj mus thiab tsis kho, nws tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus.

Cov kab mob dab tsi cuam tshuam rau lub qog pituitary?

Muaj ntau yam mob uas cuam tshuam lossis yog los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub qog pituitary. Cov no tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub pawg tseem ceeb:

• Cov qog pituitary
• Kev mob Hypopituitarism
• Kev mob hyperpituitarism
• Mob sella khoob

Cia peb tham txog txhua yam no kom meej me ntsis.

Cov qog adrenal

Qhov no yog ib hom qog nqaij hlav tsis muaj mob uas tshwm sim hauv lub qog pituitary. Cov qog pituitary adenomas suav txog li 10% txog 15% ntawm tag nrho cov qog nqaij hlav uas tshwm sim hauv lub hlwb.

Feem ntau cov no loj heev. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias lawv loj heev, lawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj tsos mob los ntawm kev nias rau ntawm cov khoom nyob ze. Qee zaum lawv tuaj yeem nias rau ntawm cov hlab ntsha optic, ua rau muaj teeb meem pom kev (xws li tsis pom kev zoo). Tsis tshua muaj, cov pituitary adenomas loj tuaj yeem los ntshav.

Qee cov pituitary adenomas tsim cov tshuaj hormones pituitary ntau dhau. Cov no hu ua "Functioning/Secreting" adenomas . Qee cov tsis tsim cov tshuaj hormones. Cov no hu ua "Non-functioning" adenomas .

Muaj ntau hom adenomas ua haujlwm, nyob ntawm seb lawv tsim cov tshuaj hormones. Cov adenoma ua haujlwm feem ntau yog prolactinoma . Qhov no tsim cov prolactin ntau dhau. Prolactinomas feem ntau kho nrog tshuaj.

Cov qog pituitary uas loj heev thiab/lossis tsim cov tshuaj hormones yuav tsum tau kho, feem ntau yog phais .

Kev mob Hypopituitarism

Qhov no yog ib qho mob uas koj lub qog pituitary tsim tawm tsawg dhau ntawm ib, ntau, lossis tag nrho cov tshuaj hormones uas nws tsim tawm.

Feem ntau, pom muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm ib yam tshuaj hormones. Qhov tsis txaus ntawm ob lossis ntau dua cov tshuaj hormones pituitary hu ua panhypopituitarism . Qhov no feem ntau tuaj yeem tshwm sim tom qab phais mob pituitary lossis tom qab kev kho mob hluav taws xob hauv lub hlwb .

Qhov ua rau mob hypopituitarism yog kev puas tsuaj rau lub qog pituitary lossis hypothalamus.

Muaj ntau yam kab mob tshwj xeeb uas cuam tshuam nrog tus mob no:

• Tsis muaj cov tshuaj hormones loj hlob: Qhov no tshwm sim thaum lub qog pituitary tsis tsim cov tshuaj hormones loj hlob (GH) txaus. Hauv cov menyuam yaus, kev loj hlob thiab kev txhim kho tsis zoo, thiab kev laus qeeb. Hauv cov neeg laus, muaj teeb meem metabolic tshwm sim.
• Kab mob ntshav qab zib insipidus hauv nruab nrab:Qhov no tshwm sim thaum lub qog pituitary tsis tsim cov tshuaj antidiuretic hormone (ADH) txaus. Qhov no ua rau lub cev tso zis ntau dhau thiab tsis tuaj yeem khaws dej.
• Central hypogonadism: Qhov no tshwm sim thaum lub qog pituitary tsis tsim cov tshuaj luteinizing hormone (LH) thiab cov tshuaj follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) txaus. Qhov no ua rau muaj teeb meem nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib deev, kev loj hlob, thiab kev muaj menyuam.
• Kev tsis txaus ntawm cov qog adrenal hauv nruab nrab: Qhov no tshwm sim thaum lub qog pituitary tsis tsim ACTH txaus. Qhov no ua rau lub cev tsis tuaj yeem tsim cortisol.
• Central hypothyroidism: Qhov no tshwm sim thaum lub qog pituitary tsis tsim cov tshuaj hormones txaus (TSH), ua rau cov tshuaj hormones qis.

Kev kho mob Hypopituitarism yog kho los ntawm kev muab cov tshuaj hormones tsis txaus rau sab nraud thiab saib xyuas cov qib ntawd los ntawm kev kuaj ntshav.

Kev mob hyperpituitarism

Qhov no yog ib qho mob uas koj lub qog pituitary tsim ib lossis ntau cov tshuaj hormones ntau dhau. Qhov no feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm ib qho pituitary adenoma (ib qho mob qog tsis yog mob qog noj ntshav).

Muaj ntau yam kab mob tshwj xeeb uas cuam tshuam nrog tus mob no:

• Acromegaly: Qhov no tshwm sim thaum lub qog pituitary tsim cov tshuaj hormones loj hlob (GH) ntau dhau thaum lub sijhawm laus. Qhov no ua rau qee qhov ntawm lub cev loj hlob, xws li tes, taw, thiab/lossis cov kab mob sab hauv, thiab teeb meem metabolic.
• Kev Loj Hlob: Qhov no tshwm sim thaum lub qog pituitary tsim cov tshuaj hormones loj hlob (GH) ntau dhau thaum yau lossis thaum hluas. Qhov no ua rau kev loj hlob sai thiab siab dhau.
• Kab mob Cushing: Qhov no tshwm sim thaum lub qog pituitary tsim ACTH ntau dhau (uas ua rau lub qog adrenal tsim cortisol ntau dhau). Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau hnyav nce sai sai hauv qee qhov chaw ntawm lub cev, cov ntshav qab zib ntau, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntshav qab zib hom 2 .
• Hyperprolactinemia: Qhov no tshwm sim thaum lub qog pituitary tsim cov prolactin ntau dhau. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau txo qis kev xeeb tub thiab cov kua mis tawm ntawm lub txiv mis (galactorrhea) .

Mob Sella khoob

Kab mob Sella khoob (ESS) yog ib qho mob tsis tshua muaj. Nws tshwm sim thaum lub qog pituitary ua tiaj lossis ntsws vim muaj teeb meem nrog cov pob txha uas nyob ib puag ncig thiab tiv thaiv nws, hu ua Sella Turcica . Sella Turcica yog ib lub chamber zoo li lub rooj zaum. Nws los ntawm lo lus Latin rau "lub rooj zaum Turkish."

Cov qe ntshav dawb yog kev kuaj mob radiographic.Feem ntau, qhov no tsis yog ib qho mob tiag tiag, thiab pom tau los ntawm kev siv lub tshuab scan.

Muaj tej lub sij hawm, ESS ua rau muaj cov tsos mob xws li tsis sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj hormones, mob taub hau ntau zaus, thiab pom kev hloov pauv. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias cov tshuaj hormones hauv lub pituitary nyob hauv qhov ntau thiab tsawg ib txwm muaj, nws tsis yog ib yam dab tsi yuav tsum txhawj txog.

Yog tias muaj teeb meem nrog lub qog pituitary, yuav muaj cov tsos mob li cas?

Cov qog nqaij hlav loj (cov no yog cov qog nqaij hlav uas tsis yog mob qog noj ntshav) tuaj yeem thawb lossis ua rau cov nqaij nyob ze puas tsuaj. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov tsos mob xws li:

• Teeb meem pom kev (xws li tsis pom kev ntawm sab nraud)
• Mob taub hau
• Kev tsis sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj hormones uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev nce lossis txo qis ntawm cov tshuaj hormones pituitary

Qhov tsis sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj hormones hauv lub pituitary tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam tsos mob, nyob ntawm seb cov tshuaj hormones cuam tshuam li cas. Piv txwv li:

• Kev loj hlob qeeb lossis loj hlob ntau dhau rau cov menyuam yaus
• Kev txo qis ntawm kev muaj menyuam hauv cov poj niam thiab cov txiv neej (Kev tsis muaj menyuam)
• Kev coj khaub ncaws tsis sib xws
• Qhov hnyav nce lossis poob yam tsis muaj laj thawj
• Kev Nyuaj Siab thiab/lossis Kev Ntxhov Siab

Yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob tshiab, uas kav ntev, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas koj yuav tsum nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham. Lawv tuaj yeem ua tej yam xws li kev kuaj ntshav yooj yim kom paub seb koj cov tsos mob puas yog vim muaj teeb meem hormonal lossis lwm yam.

Peb yuav tsum qhia leej twg txog qhov teeb meem zoo li no?

Cov teeb meem ntawm cov qog pituitary feem ntau raug kho los ntawm cov kws kho mob endocrinologist .

Tus kws kho mob endocrinologist yog ib tus kws kho mob uas tshwj xeeb hauv cov kab mob ntsig txog hormones. Nws tuaj yeem kuaj mob endocrine (hormonal), tsim cov phiaj xwm kho mob thiab tswj hwm, thiab sau tshuaj.

Yog tias koj muaj teeb meem ntawm lub qog pituitary, xws li pituitary adenoma, uas cuam tshuam rau cov qauv ntawm lub hlwb thiab/lossis xav tau kev phais, koj yuav tsum mus ntsib kws phais hlwb .

Cov kws kho mob kuaj mob li cas txog cov teeb meem ntawm cov qog pituitary?

Vim tias koj lub qog pituitary tso cov tshuaj hormones ncaj qha rau hauv koj cov ntshav, cov kws kho mob feem ntau ntsuas cov tshuaj hormones pituitary los ntawm kev kuaj ntshav .

Yog tias koj cov tshuaj hormones tsis xwm yeem, koj tus kws kho mob kuj tseem yuav kom kuaj duab, xws li CT scan lossis MRI scan, kom pom tias puas muaj teeb meem nrog lub qog pituitary. Feem ntau, pituitary MRI tshwj xeeb yog ua kom pom tseeb lub qog pituitary thiab nws cov ceg.

Peb yuav ua li cas kom peb lub qog pituitary noj qab nyob zoo?

Txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws los ua kom koj lub qog pituitary noj qab haus huv yog tiv thaiv koj lub taub hau. Kev raug mob ntawm lub taub hau thiab kev raug mob ntawm lub hlwb (TBIs)Nws tuaj yeem ua rau koj lub qog pituitary puas tsuaj, ua rau nws tsim cov tshuaj hormones ntau dhau lossis tsawg dhau.

Nov yog qee yam koj ua tau los tiv thaiv kev raug mob taub hau thiab lub hlwb:

• Hnav txoj siv sia thaum twg koj nyob hauv lub tsheb.
• Tsav tsheb kom muaj kev nyab xeeb.
• Hnav lub kaus mom hlau thaum caij tsheb kauj vab, maus taus, lossis ua si kis las uas muaj kev sib chwv.
• Ua cov kauj ruam los tiv thaiv kev poob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj muaj feem yuav poob ntau. Qhov no suav nrog kev tawm dag zog uas ua rau lub zog thiab kev sib npaug ntxiv, tshem tawm cov teeb meem thiab cov khoom nplua hauv koj lub tsev, siv cov khoom pab taug kev, thiab kuaj xyuas koj qhov pom kev.
• Yog koj muaj menyuam yaus me, ua kom cov chaw uas lawv nyob thiab ua si muaj kev nyab xeeb.

Thaum twg koj yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob txog lub qog pituitary?

Yog koj muaj cov tsos mob ntawm lub qog pituitary adenoma thiab/lossis cov tsos mob ntawm kev tsis sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj hormones, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham. Lawv tuaj yeem ua qee qhov kev kuaj mob kom pom tias puas muaj teeb meem dab tsi rau koj lub qog pituitary.

Yog tias koj nyuam qhuav raug mob hlwb loj heev (Traumatic Brain Injury - TBI) , koj tus kws kho mob yuav saib xyuas koj lub qog pituitary kom pom tias nws puas ua haujlwm zoo thiab puas raug mob.

Hauv kev xaus lus, ntawm no yog cov yam peb yuav tsum nco ntsoov (Cov Lus Coj Mus Tsev):

Koj lub qog pituitary yog ib lub qog me me, tab sis muaj zog heev uas tswj ntau yam txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv koj lub cev! Nws zoo li ib tug 'tus thawj coj' me me.

Nws tsim cov tshuaj hormones uas tswj ntau yam, suav nrog koj txoj kev loj hlob, kev zom zaub mov, kev xeeb tub, thiab koj txoj kev daws teeb meem kev ntxhov siab. Yog li, kev ua kom lub qog me me no noj qab nyob zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb heev.

• Saib xyuas koj lub taub hau: hnav lub kaus mom hlau, nyob twj ywm kom muaj kev nyab xeeb.
• Ceev faj txog cov tsos mob txawv txawv: Qhia rau kws kho mob yog tias koj mob taub hau tas li, muaj teeb meem pom kev, hloov pauv hnyav sai sai, lossis qaug zog heev.
• Tsis txhob txhawj: feem ntau cov teeb meem ntawm cov qog pituitary muaj kev kho mob zoo. Yog tias kuaj pom thaum ntxov, lawv tuaj yeem tswj tau zoo.

Tam sim no koj paub ntau yam txog qhov me me ntawm koj lub cev no. Yog tias koj muaj lus nug lossis kev txhawj xeeb, tsis txhob yig nrog kws kho mob tham. Nyob kom noj qab nyob zoo!

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