Koj puas muaj kab mob bacterial? Cia peb kawm txog qhov kev kuaj Gram Stain.

Tej zaum koj yuav xav paub tias "Gram Stain" no yog dab tsi. Tej zaum koj yuav ntxhov siab me ntsis thaum tus kws kho mob hais kom koj ua qhov kev kuaj no. Tab sis tsis txhob txhawj. Qhov no yog ib qho kev kuaj yooj yim heev, thiab tseem ceeb heev uas feem ntau ua. Hnub no, peb yuav tham txog nws kom meej, yooj yim heev.

Kev kuaj Gram Stain yog dab tsi?

Hais yooj yim xwb, kev kuaj mob Gram yog kev kuaj hauv chaw kuaj mob uas ua los saib seb puas muaj kev kis kab mob nyob qhov twg hauv koj lub cev, thiab yog tias muaj, seb nws puas yog los ntawm cov kab mob. Xav txog koj mob caj pas lossis qhov txhab uas zoo li lwj. Tom qab ntawd tus kws kho mob yuav xav tias nws muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov kab mob. Thaum ntawd, qhov kev kuaj no tuaj yeem muab lub tswv yim sai sai txog nws.

Qhov no suav nrog kev coj ib qho qauv ntawm koj cov zis, kua qaub los ntawm qhov txhab, lossis ib yam dab tsi zoo sib xws thiab saib nws hauv qab lub tshuab microscope. Qhov no muab lub tswv yim ntxhib ntawm seb puas muaj cov kab mob thiab, yog tias muaj, lawv zoo li cas. Qhov no pab tus kws kho mob txiav txim siab seb yuav muab tshuaj dab tsi rau koj thiab lwm yam kev kuaj mob dab tsi.

Kev qhia luv luv txog cov kab mob bacteria

Cov kab mob me me, muaj ib lub cell xwb. Lawv pom muaj nyob rau hauv peb lub cev, ntawm peb daim tawv nqaij, thiab yuav luag txhua qhov chaw hauv ib puag ncig. Qee hom kab mob tsis ua rau peb raug mob, thiab qee hom kuj pab tau peb. Tab sis muaj qee hom kab mob uas ua rau muaj ntau yam kab mob thiab kab mob sib txawv. Kev kuaj Gram stain pab tau zoo heev rau kev txheeb xyuas cov kab mob phem no.

Hauv qhov kev xeem no, cov kab mob hloov xim sib txawv raws li cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub cev ntawm lawv cov phab ntsa cell. Yog li ntawd, lawv raug cais ua "gram-positive" lossis "gram-negative". Tab sis ib qho uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov yog tias tsis yog txhua tus kab mob raug cuam tshuam los ntawm txoj kev Gram stain no. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj qee lub sijhawm uas qhov kev xeem no ib leeg tsis tuaj yeem qhia meej tias tus kab mob yog dab tsi. Txawm li cas los xij, nws muab cov lus qhia loj txog hom kab mob, uas yog kev pab zoo hauv kev pib kho mob.

Txoj kev siv xim Gram yog ib txoj kev siv xim tseem ceeb heev uas tau siv rau hauv kev tshawb fawb txog kab mob me me tau ntau pua xyoo. Nws tau pib siv thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1882 los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb txog kab mob Danish Hans Christian Gram. Nws thawj zaug siv nws los txheeb xyuas cov kab mob uas ua rau mob ntsws.

Cov kab mob Gram-positive thiab Gram-negative yog dab tsi?

Tam sim no cia peb saib seb qhov no yog dab tsi Gram-positive thiab Gram-negative. Kev faib tawm no yog raws li txoj kev uas cov kab mob ua rau cov xim ntxiv rau hauv cov qauv thaum lub sijhawm kuaj Gram stain. Qee cov kab mob hloov mus ua xim ntshav-xiav, thaum lwm tus hloov mus ua xim liab-liab.

Hauv no , lo lus "zoo" tsis txhais hais tias "zoo", thiab lo lus "tsis zoo".Tsis zoo tsis tau txhais hais tias "phem" lossis "tsis muaj kab mob." Nws tsuas yog kev faib tawm raws li cov kab mob teb li cas rau cov xim zas. Qee zaum, cov kab mob kuj hu ua "gram-variable." Qhov no txhais tau tias lawv tsis pleev xim zoo ib yam, thiab tej zaum yuav zoo li xim liab thiab xim ntshav sib xyaw.

Cov kab mob Gram-positive

Cov phab ntsa ntawm cov kab mob Gram-positive yog ua los ntawm cov txheej tuab ntawm cov tshuaj hu ua peptidoglycan . Peptidoglycan yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm feem ntau cov kab mob. Nws ua rau kwv yees li 90% ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm cov kab mob Gram-positive. Yog vim li cas lawv thiaj li tshwm sim xiav mus rau ntshav hauv Gram stain.

Qee hom kab mob Gram-positive yog:

• Cov kab mob Staphylococcus
• Cov kab mob Streptococcus
• `Cov hom kab mob Corynebacterium`
• Cov hom kab mob Clostridium
• Hom kab mob Listeria

Cov kab mob Gram-negative

Cov kab mob Gram-negative muaj ib txheej nyias nyias ntawm peptidoglycan (kwv yees li 10% ntawm phab ntsa cell) hauv lawv cov phab ntsa cell. Lawv kuj muaj feem pua ​​​​​​ntawm cov lipids (piv txwv li, cov roj fatty acids) hauv lawv cov phab ntsa cell. Qhov no yog vim li cas lawv zoo li liab mus rau liab dawb hauv Gram stain.

Qee hom kab mob Gram-negative yog:

• Neisseria gonorrhoeae thiab Neisseria meningitides
• Hom Moraxella
• `Escherichia coli (E. coli)`
• Cov hom kab mob Pseudomonas
• Hom Proteus
• Hom kab mob Klebsiella

Qhov txawv ntawm Gram stain thiab bacterial culture yog dab tsi?

Yog koj tus kws kho mob xav tias koj muaj kab mob bacterial, lawv feem ntau yuav kom koj kuaj Gram stain thiab kuaj kab mob bacterial culture. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntaub ntawv tau los ntawm ob qho kev kuaj no txawv.

Xav txog nws li no, ib qho gram stain zoo li ib tug tub ceev xwm mus rau qhov chaw ua txhaum cai thiab sau cov lus piav qhia txog cov neeg raug liam (xws li qhov siab, xim, thiab khaub ncaws). Qhov no muab rau koj lub tswv yim sai ntawm leej twg nyob ntawd.

Kev kuaj kab mob yog ib qho txheej txheem uas cov kab mob hauv ib qho qauv raug cog rau hauv ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb hauv chav kuaj mob thiab tom qab ntawd txheeb xyuas los ntawm lub npe. Qhov no tuaj yeem siv sijhawm ob peb hnub, vim qee cov kab mob loj hlob qeeb. Tab sis nws kuj pab txheeb xyuas cov kab mob tseeb thiab kev kho mob tsim nyog rau lawv.

Yog li, qhov tshwm sim sai sai los ntawm Gram stainTxawm tias tau txais los xij, feem ntau nws tsuas qhia tau koj hom kab mob xwb. Tab sis cov ntaub ntawv ntawd tseem ceeb heev rau tus kws kho mob kom pib kho sai. Kev kuaj kab mob yog tib txoj kev los txheeb xyuas cov kab mob kom raug.

Kev kuaj Gram stain pab kuaj mob dab tsi?

Cov kws kho mob xaj kom kuaj Gram stain los pab kuaj mob thiab kho qee yam kab mob bacterial. Piv txwv li, nws yog siv los kuaj mob xws li kab mob urinary tract (UTIs) thiab kab mob bacterial pneumonia. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis yog xaj rau txhua yam kab mob bacterial. Piv txwv li, Gram stain feem ntau tsis yog ua rau qee yam xws li kev lom zaub mov, tab sis nws tuaj yeem ua rau ntawm cov quav yog tias tsim nyog.

Cov kab mob Gram-negative uas tshwm sim ntau thiab cov kab mob uas lawv ua rau

Nov yog qee cov kab mob Gram-negative thiab cov kab mob uas lawv tuaj yeem ua rau:

• Escherichia coli : Kab mob tso zis (UTIs), lom zaub mov.
• ` Legionella pneumoniae : Kab mob Legionnaires.`
• ` Salmonella : Lom zaub mov, mob ua npaws Typhoid.`
• ` Klebsiella : Mob ntsws, kab mob hauv cov ntshav, kab mob hauv qhov txhab lossis qhov phais, kab mob bacterial meningitis.
• ` Neisseria gonorrhoeae : Kab mob Gonorrhea.`
• ` Proteus : Kab mob tso zis (UTIs).`
• ` Morganella morganii : Kab mob tso zis (UTIs), sepsis, mob ntsws, kab mob qhov txhab, kab mob musculoskeletal, kab mob hauv lub paj hlwb, thiab pericarditis (mob ntawm daim nyias nyias uas nyob ib puag ncig lub plawv).`
• ` Aeromonas : kab mob qhov muag, osteomyelitis (kab mob pob txha), kab mob meningitis, kab mob ua pa "yuav luag poob dej", kab mob pob qij txha.`

Cov kab mob Gram-positive uas feem ntau pom thiab cov kab mob uas lawv ua rau

Nov yog qee cov kab mob Gram-positive thiab cov kab mob uas lawv tuaj yeem ua rau:

• ` Streptococcus pneumoniae : Kab mob ntsws.`
• ` Staphylococcus aureus : Kab mob ntsws, Staphylococcus aureus uas tiv taus methicillin (MRSA), thiab mob toxic shock syndrome.`
• ` Pawg A Streptococcus hom : Kab mob Streptococcus.`
• ` Listeria : Kev lom zaub mov.`
• ` Clostridium : Kev lom zaub mov.`
• `Clostridium botulinum thiab Clostridium butyricum: Botulism.

Thaum twg yuav ua qhov kev xeem Gram?

Yog koj tus kws kho mob xav tias koj muaj kab mob bacterial, qee zaum yog kab mob fungal, lawv feem ntau yuav kom kuaj Gram stain thiab kuaj kab mob bacterial. Qhov no yog ib txoj hauv kev uas feem ntau siv los txheeb xyuas kab mob bacterial hauv koj lub cev sai sai.

Leej twg ua qhov kev kuaj Gram Stain?

Nyob ntawm seb koj muaj hom kab mob dab tsi, ntau hom kws kho mob yuav sau ib qho qauv rau kev kuaj Gram stain. Piv txwv li, tus kws kho mob poj niam yuav muab ib daim ntaub so ntswg rau kev kuaj Gram stain rau kab mob gonorrhea. Tus kws kho mob ntsws yuav muab ib qho qauv ntawm cov hnoos qeev los ntawm koj lub hnoos lossis cov hnoos qeev thiab xa mus rau kev kuaj Gram stain rau kab mob ntsws.

Tom qab ntawd koj tus kws kho mob yuav muab cov qauv no tso rau hauv lub thawv uas tsis muaj kab mob thiab xa mus rau chav kuaj mob kom kuaj. Ib tug kws tshawb fawb hauv chav kuaj mob yuav pleev cov qauv no rau ntawm daim ntawv microscope, pleev ntau yam xim, thiab saib nws hauv qab lub microscope. Lawv yuav sau ib daim ntawv qhia thiab muab rau koj tus kws kho mob.

Koj npaj li cas rau qhov kev xeem Gram Stain?

Xov xwm zoo! Koj tsis tas yuav ua dab tsi tshwj xeeb los npaj rau kev kuaj Gram stain.

Yuav ua li cas thiaj kuaj tau Gram Stain?

Feem ntau muaj peb kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv kev kuaj Gram stain:

• Kev sau cov qauv.
• Kev npaj qauv.
• Kuaj cov qauv.

Kev sau cov qauv Gram stain

Qhov no suav nrog kev coj mus kuaj los ntawm thaj chaw uas koj tus kws kho mob xav tias muaj kev kis kab mob. Nov yog qee txoj hauv kev los coj mus kuaj:

• Khawb los yog txhuam cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm qhov chaw ntawm ib feem ntawm koj lub cev.
• Kev khaws cov kua dej los yog cov zis tawm ntawm koj lub cev.
• Kev rho tawm cov kua dej los ntawm ib qho chaw hauv koj lub cev siv koob me me.

Cov chaw hauv qab no yog qhov chaw uas koj tuaj yeem siv lub swab los yog txhuam ib qho qauv:

• Caj pas
• Qhov ntswg
• Qhov chaw mos
• Cov tawv nqaij mob

Cov qauv uas koj tuaj yeem sau ncaj qha rau hauv lub thawv huv yog:

• Cov qaub ncaug (sputum)
• Cov zis
• Rooj zaum

Cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub cev uas yuav tsum tau siv koob txhaj tshuaj muaj xws li:

• Cov kua dej synovial hauv koj cov pob qij txha.
• Cov kua dej nyob ib puag ncig koj lub plawv (pericardial fluid).
• Cov kua dej hauv lub ntsws yog cov kua dej nyob ib puag ncig koj lub ntsws.
• Cov kua dej hauv lub hlwb (CSF) yog cov kua dej uas nyob ib puag ncig koj lub paj hlwb qaum.

Tom qab ntawd tus kws kho mob muab cov qauv tso rau hauv lub thawv huv thiab xa mus rau chav kuaj mob.

Yuav ua li cas ua Gram staining

Hauv chav kuaj mob, tus kws tshawb fawb hauv chav kuaj mob muab cov qauv no nthuav rau ntawm cov iav microscope slides. Cov slides no hu ua "smears." Tom qab ntawd lawv siv ntau yam xim rau ntawm qhov smear thiab ua Gram stain.

Cov txheej txheem Gram staining muaj plaub kauj ruam yooj yim:

• Kev siv cov xim thawj zaug (crystal violet).
• Ntxiv cov tshuaj kho xim (Gram's iodine).
• Kev tshem xim sai sai nrog ethanol, acetone, lossis sib tov ntawm ob qho tib si.
• Kev tiv thaiv nrog safranin.

Kev kuaj xyuas cov xim Gram

Tom qab ntawd, thaum tus kws tshawb fawb hauv chaw kuaj mob saib nws hauv qab lub tshuab microscope, lawv cais cov kab mob uas nyob ntawd los ntawm lawv cov xim thiab cov duab :

• Xim : Cov kab mob Gram-positive feem ntau zoo li xim av mus rau xiav, thaum cov kab mob Gram-negative zoo li xim liab mus rau liab.
• Puab : Cov duab feem ntau yog spherical (cocci) lossis rod-puab (bacilli).

Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, tus kws tshawb fawb hauv chaw kuaj mob saib cov pawg kab mob ntawm daim ntawv thiab nrhiav lwm yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv. Piv txwv li:

• Cov cocci puas muaj nyob ib leeg, ua khub, ua pawg plaub, ua pawg, lossis ua saw?
• Cov kab mob bacilli puas rog, nyias, luv, ntev, lossis lawv puas muaj cov noob loj loj ntawm ib sab?
• Puas muaj cov kab mob nyob hauv cov qe ntshav dawb?

Tus kws tshawb fawb hauv chaw kuaj mob mam li npaj ib daim ntawv qhia thiab xa mus rau koj tus kws kho mob.

Cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kuaj Gram stain yog dab tsi?

Tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo hauv kev kuaj lub qhov ntswg, thiab tsis pub cov qaub ncaug, zis, lossis quav kuaj.

Hais txog kev kuaj ntshav, qhov kev pheej hmoo tsawg heev. Tej zaum yuav muaj qee qhov mob thiab qhov liab qhov chaw uas cov ntshav raug rho tawm, tab sis nws yuav zoo sai.

Tej yam txaus ntshai ntawm kev siv koob txhaj tshuaj yog:

• Hnov tsis xis nyob los yog mob.
• Los ntshav.
• Kev kis kab mob.
• Kev puas tsuaj rau cov ntaub so ntswg nyob ib puag ncig.

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Gram stain txhais li cas?

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj kab mob Gram qhia tau ob yam tseem ceeb: "kab mob Gram uas tsis muaj kab mob" lossis "kab mob Gram uas muaj kab mob". Qhov no yuav tsum tsis txhob yuam kev nrog lo lus "kab mob uas tsis muaj kab mob" lossis "kab mob uas tsis muaj kab mob".

Cov xim av tsis zoo

Yog koj qhov kev kuaj pom tias "tsis muaj kab mob Gram" lossis "tsis pom muaj kab mob," feem ntau nws txhais tau tias tsis muaj kab mob txaus kom pom los ntawm kab mob Gram. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj ua ib qho kev kuaj kab mob ntawm tib qho qauv, koj tseem yuav pom cov kab mob.

Cov xim av zoo

Yog tias koj qhov kev kuaj pom tias "muaj Gram stain", nws txhais tau tias muaj cov kab mob nyob hauv koj cov qauv. Yog tias koj qhov kev kuaj pom tias muaj, nws feem ntau yuav muaj cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no:

• Hom kab mob : Gram-positive los yog Gram-negative.
• Cov duab ntawm cov kab mob : seb lawv puas yog spherical (cocci) lossis rod-puab (bacilli).
• Lwm yam ntxwv ntawm cov kab mob bacteria : qhov loj ntawm cov kab mob, lawv qhov muaj pes tsawg (tus lej), thiab/lossis txoj kev uas cov kab mob raug muab sib sau ua ke, yog tias siv tau.
• Lwm cov hlwb : Seb puas muaj cov kab mob hauv lwm cov hlwb (hauv hlwb), cov hlwb ntshav liab, lossis cov hlwb ntshav dawb.
• Cov Kab Mob Ntsws : Kev kuaj cov xim Gram kuj tseem tuaj yeem nrhiav cov kab mob ntsws uas zoo li cov poov xab lossis pwm. Txawm li cas los xij, yuav tsum tau kuaj ntxiv kom paub meej tias nws yog hom kab mob ntsws dab tsi.

Cov ntaub ntawv no, ua ke nrog koj cov tsos mob thiab lwm yam kev tshawb pom hauv kev kho mob, tuaj yeem pab koj tus kws kho mob txiav txim siab seb kev kho mob twg zoo tshaj plaws. Qee zaum, qhov no tuaj yeem pab tau ua ntej cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj kab mob bacterial muaj.

Yuav siv sijhawm ntev npaum li cas thiaj paub cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov kev xeem?

Feem ntau cov kev kuaj mob Gram stain muab cov txiaj ntsig sai. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Gram stain feem ntau suav tias yog thawj zaug . Qhov no txhais tau tias lawv ib leeg tsis tuaj yeem kuaj mob tau tas li. Kev kuaj kab mob thiab/lossis lwm yam kev kuaj (piv txwv li, kev kuaj antigen thiab antibody rau cov kab mob tshwj xeeb) yuav tsum tau ua kom paub meej tias muaj kev kuaj mob.

Kuv yuav tsum hu rau kuv tus kws kho mob thaum twg?

Yog tias koj raug kuaj pom tias muaj kab mob thiab muaj teeb meem nrog kev kho mob uas koj tau txais, lossis yog tias koj qhov kab mob tsis zoo dua, nco ntsoov hu rau koj tus kws kho mob.

Ib qho kev kuaj mob Gram yog ib qho kev kuaj mob uas siv ntau heev, feem ntau tsis mob, uas siv los kuaj xyuas cov kab mob bacterial lossis fungal. Kev tos cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj mob tuaj yeem ua rau koj ntxhov siab me ntsis. Tab sis nco ntsoov, txawm tias cov txiaj ntsig zoo li cas los xij, koj pab neeg kho mob yeej nyob ntawd los pab koj. Tsis txhob ntshai nug cov lus nug txog koj qhov kev kuaj mob lossis cov txiaj ntsig.

Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev

Zoo, yog li ntawm qhov peb tau tham txog, kuv vam tias koj muaj lub tswv yim zoo txog qhov kev xeem Gram Stain. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov yog:

• Cov xim pleev xim Gram yog ib qho kev kuaj uas txiav txim siab sai sai seb puas muaj cov kab mob thiab lawv yog hom twg .
• Qhov no faib cov kab mob ua gram-positive lossis gram-negative . Nws pab tus kws kho mob xaiv tshuaj.
• Txawm hais tias cov txiaj ntsig sai, qee zaum lawv tsuas yog qhov pib xwb . Tej zaum yuav xav tau kev kuaj kab mob kom paub tseeb tias yog cov kab mob twg.
• Tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo loj rau qhov kev xeem no.
• Yog koj muaj lus nug dab tsi, tsis txhob ntshai nug koj tus kws kho mob .

Yog li, yog tias tus kws kho mob hais kom koj kuaj mob zoo li no, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tsis txhob ntshai txog nws, tab sis kom nkag siab tias qhov no yog qee yam tseem ceeb rau koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv.

Cov xim Gram , Cov xim Gram, cov kab mob bacteria, kev kis kab mob, Gram positive, Gram negative, kev kuaj hauv chav kuaj