Zaj dab neeg koj cov ntshav qhia: Cia peb kawm txog kev kuaj ntshav tag nrho (CBC) hauv cov lus yooj yim!

Thaum ib tug kws kho mob hais kom koj ua "Kev suav ntshav tag nrho", lossis raws li peb txhua tus paub, kev kuaj CBC , tej zaum koj yuav xav tias, "Peb puas yuav mus kuaj ntshav dua? Qhov no nrhiav dab tsi tiag?" Qhov no yog ib qho kev kuaj uas siv ntau heev, thiab tseem ceeb heev. Zoo li ib tug kws tshawb nrhiav me me hauv peb lub cev, CBC tuaj yeem qhia ntau yam txog peb txoj kev noj qab haus huv. Yog li, cia peb tham txog qhov no kom meej, yooj yim heev, puas yog?

Kev kuaj CBC yog dab tsi thiab nws qhia tau dab tsi rau peb?

Hais yooj yim xwb, CBC (Complete Blood Count) yog ib qho kev kuaj uas saib cov hom cell tseem ceeb hauv koj cov ntshav. Ib qho ntshav kuaj raug coj los ntawm koj cov hlab ntsha thiab xa mus rau chav kuaj mob. Qhov ntawd yog qhov uas tag nrho cov no raug suav, saib, thiab tsim ib daim ntawv qhia.

Qhov kev kuaj no tuaj yeem pab tus kws kho mob nkag siab ntau yam. Piv txwv li:

• Saib xyuas koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv .
• Yog koj noj tshuaj rau ib yam mob, koj puas paub tias cov tshuaj no ua haujlwm zoo lossis nws puas muaj tej yam tshwm sim?
• Tau ib lub tswv yim ntawm kev noj qab haus huv ntawm koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob .
• Yuav nrhiav seb puas muaj tej yam kab mob, piv txwv li, mob qog ntshav (xws li "Leukemia"), mob ntshav tsis txaus (Anemia) , thiab ntau yam kab mob sib kis (Infections) .

Cov khoom tseem ceeb uas peb saib hauv chav kuaj yog:

• Cov Qog Ntshav Liab : Cov no yog cov qe ntshav uas nqa cov pa oxygen thoob plaws lub cev.
• Hemoglobin : Cov protein nyob hauv cov qe ntshav liab uas khi cov pa oxygen.
• Cov Qog Ntshav Dawb : Zoo li cov tub rog ntawm peb lub cev, cov qe ntshav uas tawm tsam kab mob.
• Platelets : Cov qe ntshav me me uas pab kom cov ntshav khov.

Ntxiv rau kev suav cov no, kuj tseem yuav saib qhov loj ntawm cov cell no. Qee zaum, tus kws kho mob yuav hais kom kuaj lwm yam hu ua "Peripheral Blood Smear" nrog rau CBC. Qhov no tso cai rau cov ntshav kuaj hauv qab lub tshuab microscope kom paub ntau ntxiv txog cov cell zoo li cas.

"Differential" txhais li cas thaum kuaj CBC?

Yog koj daim ntawv qhia CBC hais tias "CBC nrog Differential", nws txhais tau tias lub chaw kuaj mob tau suav koj cov qe ntshav dawb sib cais . Nws kuj suav cov qe ntshav tsis tau loj hlob. Qhov no ua rau tus kws kho mob nkag siab tob dua txog seb cov qe ntshav sib txawv hauv koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ua haujlwm li cas.

Yuav tsum tau kuaj CBC thaum twg?

Muaj ntau yam ua rau tus kws kho mob yuav hais kom koj kuaj CBC:

• Ua ib feem ntawm kev kuaj mob niaj hnub: Xyuas koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv dav dav.
• Yog koj muaj cov tsos mob uas tsis tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm:Piv txwv li, yog tias koj kub taub hau tas li, poob phaus sai sai, tawm hws hmo ntuj, xav tias yooj yim raug mob, los ntshav ntau zaus, lossis qaug zog heev.
• Saib xyuas qhov xwm txheej ntawm tus mob uas twb muaj lawm: Rau ib tus neeg uas muaj ib yam dab tsi zoo li mob qog noj ntshav lossis mob raum ntev (CKD), saib seb nws nce qib li cas.
• Saib seb kev kho mob zoo li cas lossis cov tshuaj cuam tshuam rau lub cev li cas: Qee qhov kev kho mob (piv txwv li kev kho mob qog noj ntshav) tuaj yeem txo koj cov qe ntshav dawb thiab ua rau koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj zog. Qhov no tuaj yeem pab koj daws cov teeb meem zoo li ntawd.
• Saib xyuas koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv thaum cev xeeb tub.

Kev kuaj CBC tuaj yeem kuaj pom cov mob twg?

Kev kuaj CBC tuaj yeem pab koj tus kws kho mob txiav txim siab seb koj puas muaj ib qho ntawm cov mob no:

• Kab mob ntshav tsis txaus (Anemia ): Qhov no txhais tau tias cov qe ntshav liab lossis cov hemoglobin tsawg zuj zus.
• Erythrocytosis : Kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov qe ntshav liab.
• Leukocytosis : Kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb.
• Leukopenia : Cov qe ntshav dawb tsawg zuj zus.
• Thrombocytosis : Cov ntshav platelet ntau ntxiv.
• Thrombocytopenia : Cov ntshav platelet txo qis.

Nco ntsoov, cov no yuav yog cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob hnyav dua, yog li koj tus kws kho mob yuav tsum xav txog daim ntawv qhia CBC thiab koj lwm cov tsos mob ua ke kom mus txog qhov kev kuaj mob.

Yuav ua li cas thiaj kuaj tau CBC? Nws ntsuas tau dab tsi tiag?

Hauv kev kuaj CBC, lub tshuab computer tshwj xeeb (`(automated analyzer)`) suav cov qe ntshav liab (`(Erythrocytes)`), cov qe ntshav dawb (`(Leukocytes)`), thiab cov platelets (`(Thrombocytes)`) hauv koj cov ntshav kuaj, nrog rau lawv qhov loj. Yog tias koj tus kws kho mob tau hais kom muaj `(CBC nrog Differential)`, lub tshuab kuj suav cov qe ntshav dawb sib txawv thiab cov qe ntshav tsis paub tab sib cais. Qee zaum, yog tias muaj qee yam tsis meej txog cov txiaj ntsig, `(Pathologist)` yuav saib cov ntshav kuaj hauv qab lub tshuab microscope thiab paub meej cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lub tshuab.

Tam sim no cia peb saib seb cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim ntawv tshaj tawm no hais li cas.

Tej yam yuav tsum tau saib xyuas hauv Cov Qog Ntshav Liab (RBCs):

• Kev suav cov qe ntshav liab (RBC): Qhov no txhais tau tias muaj pes tsawg cov qe ntshav liab hauv ib qho ntshav (feem ntau yog ib microliter - `(mcL)`). Xav txog, ib tee ntshav muaj li ntawm 40-50 `(mcL)`.
• Hemoglobin (Hb): Tus nqi hemoglobin hauv koj cov ntshav.
• Hematocrit (Hct): Muaj pes tsawg feem pua ​​ntawm koj cov ntshav yog ua los ntawm cov qe ntshav liab.

Koj tseem yuav pom ib ntu hu ua "Cov Ntshav Liab Qhia Txog." Cov no qhia koj txog koj cov ntshav liab thiab cov hemoglobin concentration.

• Qhov Nruab Nrab Corpuscular Volume (MCV): Qhov nruab nrab ntawm koj cov qe ntshav liab.
• Qhov Nruab Nrab Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH): Qhov hnyav nruab nrab ntawm hemoglobin hauv ib lub qe ntshav liab.
• Qhov Nruab Nrab ntawm Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC): Qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov concentration (qhov hnyav) ntawm hemoglobin hauv ib qho ntim ntawm cov ntshav.
• Qhov Dav ntawm Kev Faib Tawm Cov Qe Ntshav Liab (RDW): Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov qe ntshav liab. Hais yooj yim xwb, yog tias tus nqi no qis, koj cov qe ntshav liab yuav luag zoo ib yam. Yog tias tus nqi no siab, muaj qhov sib txawv loj ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov qe ntshav loj tshaj plaws thiab me tshaj plaws.

Tej yam uas yuav tsum tau saib xyuas hauv Platelets:

• Platelet Count: Tag nrho cov platelets hauv koj cov ntshav kuaj.
• Qhov Nruab Nrab Platelet Volume (MPV): Qhov nruab nrab ntawm koj cov platelets.

Tej yam yuav tsum tau saib xyuas hauv Cov Qog Ntshav Dawb (WBCs) thiab "Differential":

Tus kws kho mob yuav hais kom CBC saib tsuas yog tag nrho cov qe ntshav dawb (`(Total WBC count)`), lossis lawv yuav hais kom muaj `(Differential)` nrog rau nws. `(Differential)` suav cov qe ntshav dawb sib txawv, nrog rau cov qe ntshav liab uas tsis tau loj hlob. Cov no tuaj yeem tshaj tawm ua tus lej tseeb (tej zaum yuav cim "abs") lossis ua feem pua ​​(%) ntawm tag nrho cov qe ntshav dawb.

Tej zaum koj yuav pom tej yam zoo li no hauv koj daim ntawv qhia CBC:

• Cov Qog Ntshav Dawb (WBC): Qhov no yog hais txog tag nrho cov qe ntshav dawb (txhua hom) hauv koj lub cev.
• Neutrophils: Cov no yog thawj cov qe ntshav dawb uas nkag mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus. Lawv tawm tsam cov kab mob bacterial thiab fungal.
• Monocytes: Ib hom qe ntshav dawb uas pab tshem tawm cov khib nyiab hauv lub cev thaum muaj kab mob. Lawv kuj pab ceeb toom lwm cov qe ntshav dawb txog cov kab mob phem xws li cov kab mob me me thiab cov kab mob sib kis.
• Lymphocytes: Ib hom qe ntshav dawb uas tawm tsam cov kab mob viral thiab pab lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob nco qab cov kab mob yav dhau los. Qhov no yog kom lub cev npaj tau zoo dua los daws cov kab mob tib yam yog tias nws rov qab los.
• Eosinophils: Cov qe ntshav dawb no tawm tsam cov kab mob parasitic thiab ua rau muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj.
• Basophils: Ib hom qe ntshav dawb uas tso tawm histamine thaum muaj kev ua xua thiab heparin, uas tiv thaiv cov ntshav kom tsis txhob txhaws.
• Cov Granulocytes Tsis Paub Tab: Cov no yog cov neutrophils, eosinophils, lossis basophils uas tseem tsis tau loj hlob tag.
• Cov Qog Ntshav Liab uas Muaj Nucleated Red Qe (nRBC):Cov no yog cov qe ntshav liab uas tseem tsis tau loj hlob. Lawv tuaj yeem sau ua tus lej tag nrho (`(absolute nRBC)`) lossis ua feem pua ​​(tus lej ntawm cov qe ntshav liab rau 100 cov qe ntshav dawb).

Kuv puas yuav tsum npaj rau qhov kev kuaj CBC?

Feem ntau tsis tas yuav npaj tshwj xeeb rau kev kuaj CBC. Koj tuaj yeem noj thiab haus tau li qub, thiab yog tias koj noj tshuaj dab tsi, koj tuaj yeem noj lawv li qub. Qhov no txhais tau tias koj tsis tas yuav yoo mov. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj tus kws kho mob tau hais kom kuaj lwm yam ntshav nrog rau CBC, tej zaum yuav muaj cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb rau cov kev kuaj ntawd. Yog li nws yog ib lub tswv yim zoo los nug koj tus kws kho mob lossis lub chaw kuaj mob txog qhov no.

Thaum koj ua qhov kev kuaj CBC, koj muaj kev paub zoo li cas?

Thaum muab cov ntshav coj mus kuaj, feem ntau yuav xaiv cov leeg ntshav ntawm koj txhais caj npab (feem ntau nyob ze koj lub luj tshib) thiab ntxuav thaj chaw ntawd nrog ib yam dab tsi zoo li cawv txhuam. Tom qab ntawd, tus kws saib mob lossis tus kws kho mob yuav muab ib rab koob ntxig rau hauv. Thaum muab rab koob ntxig rau hauv, koj yuav hnov ​​​​​​qhov mob me ntsis, zoo li rab koob me me lossis qhov mob ntsaum. Thaum muab cov ntshav ntawm cov menyuam yaus me, feem ntau siv lub pob taws.

Yuav muab me ntsis ntshav los ntawm koob txhaj thiab muab tso rau hauv ib lub raj tshwj xeeb. Tej zaum yuav muab ntau tshaj ib lub raj, nyob ntawm seb tus kws kho mob tau hais kom ua li cas.

Thaum twg cov ntshav raug rho tawm lawm, ces muab rab koob tshem tawm thiab muab ib daim ntaub qhwv me me los yog ib daim ntaub gauze lo rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawd. Tom qab ntawd, koj cov ntshav yuav raug xa mus rau chav kuaj ntshav kom kuaj.

Tom qab kuaj CBC tas, yuav muaj dab tsi tshwm sim?

Tom qab koj cov ntshav raug rho tawm lawm, koj txhais caj npab yuav raug npog nrog ib daim ntaub qhwv lossis ib daim ntaub gauze. Koj txhais caj npab yuav mob ib pliag. Qee zaum, yuav muaj ib qho me me ntawm qhov chaw uas rab koob tau ntxig rau hauv. Qhov no yog ib txwm muaj thiab yuav ploj mus li ob peb hnub.

Puas muaj tej yam kev pheej hmoo lossis tej yam tshwm sim rau qhov kev kuaj no?

Kev kuaj ntshav CBC yog ib qho kev kuaj uas muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab siv ntau heev. Nws tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo loj. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj feem me me ntawm kev kis kab mob ntawm qhov chaw uas koj yuav ntshav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj zog. Tsis tshua muaj neeg yuav xav tias me ntsis kiv taub hau lossis kiv taub hau tom qab koj yuav ntshav. Yog tias qhov no tshwm sim, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom zaum twj ywm ib pliag.

Cov qib ntsuas ib txwm muaj rau kev kuaj CBC yog dab tsi?

Muaj ib qho "Normal Range" rau cov nqi hauv daim ntawv qhia CBC. Qhov ntau no tuaj yeem sib txawv me ntsis ntawm chav kuaj mus rau chav kuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ntau lwm yam laj thawj vim li cas cov nqi ib txwm no tuaj yeem sib txawv:

• Chav kuaj mob uas ua qhov kev kuaj mob: Tej zaum yuav muaj qhov sib txawv me ntsis ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov txheej txheem siv hauv txhua chav kuaj mob.
• Koj cov tshuaj hormones: Qee cov ntawv qhia muab cov qib sib txawv rau cov txiv neej thiab cov poj niam. Cov no yog raws li cov qib hormone ib txwm muaj rau txhua tus poj niam txiv neej. Qhov no yuav hloov pauv yog tias koj noj tshuaj hormones.
• Koj lub hnub nyoog: Cov qib ib txwm muaj sib txawv rau cov neeg laus thiab cov menyuam yaus.
• Txawm koj cev xeeb tub los yog muaj lwm yam mob nkeeg:Cov nqi ib txwm yuav hloov pauv nrog qhov no.
• Cov chav ntsuas uas siv los ntawm lub chaw kuaj mob: Piv txwv li, qee cov txiaj ntsig yuav muab ua cov cell ib microliter (`(cell ib microliter - mcL, uL lossis µL)`), thiab qee qhov yuav muab ua cov cell ib microliter muab 1000 (`(k/mcL, k/uL lossis k/µL)`). Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau cov nqi zoo li txawv heev.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog ib txwm saib ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg uas tau muab rau hauv koj daim ntawv qhia thiab piv koj cov nqi tsuas yog rau nws xwb. Yog tias koj muaj lus nug dab tsi, tsis txhob yig nug koj tus kws kho mob.

Yuav siv sijhawm ntev npaum li cas thiaj li tau txais cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj CBC?

Feem ntau cov txiaj ntsig yuav muaj nyob rau hauv ob peb hnub. Qee zaum, cov txiaj ntsig yuav muaj nyob rau hauv 24 teev. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav hu rau koj thaum koj tau txais koj cov txiaj ntsig, piav qhia rau lawv, thiab qhia koj tias yuav ua li cas tom ntej.

Cov txiaj ntsig CBC txawv txav txhais li cas?

Muaj ntau yam mob uas ua rau cov qe ntshav hauv cov ntshav nce lossis txo qis. Qee qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav, thaum lwm tus tuaj yeem tshwm sim thiab yooj yim kho. Nov yog ob peb yam piv txwv:

• Cov qe ntshav liab ntau: Cov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kab mob plawv, kab mob ntsws, polycythemia vera (ib qho mob uas cov pob txha tsim cov qe ntshav liab ntau dhau), lossis pw tsaug zog apnea (pw tsaug zog apnea).
• Cov qe ntshav liab tsawg (anemia): Nws tuaj yeem yog los ntawm kev tsis txaus cov khoom noj khoom haus (xws li tsis txaus vitamin B12 lossis tsis txaus hlau), los ntshav, txo qis kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub raum, thiab cov kab mob ntshav thiab pob txha.
• Cov ntshav platelet ntau: Cov kab mob thiab cov teeb meem ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yuav yog qhov ua rau.
• Cov ntshav platelet qis tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm tej yam xws li: Immune Thrombocytopenia (ib qho mob uas lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob rhuav tshem cov ntshav platelets), qee hom mob qog noj ntshav, thiab Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome.
• Cov qe ntshav dawb ntau: Cov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm cov mob xws li kev kis kab mob, kev ua xua, cov mob autoimmune, lymphoma, thiab leukemia.
• Cov qe ntshav dawb tsawg: Cov kab mob autoimmune, qee cov tshuaj, cov kab mob pob txha, thiab kev kis kab mob yuav yog qhov ua rau.

Yuav ua li cas tom ntej yog tias cov txiaj ntsig tsis zoo li qub?

Yog tias koj daim ntawv qhia CBC tsis nyob ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg ib txwm muaj, nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham txog nws txhais li cas. Koj tus kws kho mob yuav xaj kom kuaj ntxiv lossis pib txoj kev npaj kho mob. Lossis, koj yuav tsis tas yuav kho mob li, tsuas yog saib xyuas xwb. Yog li ntawd, tsis txhob ntshai thiab mloog koj tus kws kho mob hais.

Kuv yuav tsum hu rau kws kho mob thaum twg?

Yog koj muaj lus nug lossis kev txhawj xeeb txog qhov kev kuaj CBC lossis nws cov txiaj ntsig, nco ntsoov hu rau koj tus kws kho mob. Tsis txhob khaws ib yam dab tsi uas koj tsis nkag siab.

Puas yog CBC qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub raum?

Kev kuaj CBC tsis qhia ncaj qha tias koj lub raum ua haujlwm zoo npaum li cas. Txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov txiaj ntsig hauv daim ntawv tshaj tawm, xws li cov lej lymphocyte thiab MCV, thaum ua ke nrog lwm yam kev kuaj, tuaj yeem pab koj tus kws kho mob tau txais lub tswv yim ntawm koj lub raum ua haujlwm zoo npaum li cas.

Thaum kawg, tej yam yuav tsum nco ntsoov (Cov Lus Coj Mus Tsev)

Zoo, yog li tam sim no kuv vam tias koj nkag siab zoo dua txog kev kuaj CBC.

Kev kuaj ntshav tag nrho (CBC) yog ib qho kev kuaj ntshav uas siv ntau heev thiab tseem ceeb heev uas cov kws kho mob siv los tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hais txog koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv.

Tej zaum koj yuav ua qhov no thaum lub sijhawm kuaj mob niaj hnub, lossis koj tus kws kho mob yuav hais kom nws nrhiav seb yog vim li cas qee yam ntawm koj cov tsos mob. Nws yog ib qho ib txwm muaj uas yuav xav tias ntshai me ntsis thaum tos cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj mob. Tab sis nco ntsoov, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm CBC muab rau koj tus kws kho mob cov lus qhia tseem ceeb txog yam uas tshwm sim hauv koj lub cev. Cov lus qhia no tuaj yeem pab koj nrhiav seb muaj dab tsi tsis ncaj ncees lawm (`(Kev kuaj mob)`), pib kho mob kom raug (`(Kev kho mob)`), thiab ua rau koj xav zoo dua. Yog li, qhov no tsuas yog ib kauj ruam mus rau kev coj koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv rov qab los. Hmoov zoo!

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