Tus kws kho mob puas tau muab ib daim ntawv qhia rau koj kom kuaj ntshav? Puas yog nws hais tias 'FBC' lossis 'Full Blood Count'? Feem ntau, thaum peb pom cov ntawv thiab cov lej ntawm daim ntawv qhia no, peb ntshai thiab txhawj me ntsis. "Qhov no txhais li cas?" Peb xav. Tab sis tsis txhob txhawj. Qhov no yog ib qho kev kuaj ntshav yooj yim heev, uas cov kws kho mob siv ntau tshaj plaws thiab qhia ntau yam txog kev noj qab haus huv ntawm peb lub cev. Hnub no, peb yuav tham txog qhov no yooj yim, hauv txoj kev uas koj tuaj yeem nkag siab.
Qhov kev xeem FBC no yog dab tsi?
Hais yooj yim xwb, FBC (Complete Blood Count) yog ib qho kev kuaj uas saib peb hom cell tseem ceeb hauv koj cov ntshav. Peb cov ntshav tsis yog ib yam kua liab xwb. Nws muaj ntau lab lub cell me me uas ua ntau yam haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv peb lub cev. FBC feem ntau saib cov hom cell no:
- Cov Qog Ntshav Liab: Cov uas nqa cov pa oxygen thoob plaws lub cev.
- Cov Qog Ntshav Dawb: Ib yam li cov tub rog ntawm lub cev, lawv tawm tsam cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob me.
- Platelets: Cov no yog cov hlwb uas pab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob los ntshav los ntawm kev tsim cov ntshav txhaws.
Qhov kev kuaj no pab koj tus kws kho mob kom nkag siab zoo txog koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho. Nws tseem ceeb heev rau kev kuaj mob, saib xyuas qhov mob uas twb muaj lawm, saib seb cov tshuaj cuam tshuam li cas rau lub cev, thiab ntsuas kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Nws yog ib kauj ruam yooj yim hauv kev kuaj mob xws li ntshav tsis txaus, ntau yam kab mob, thiab mob qog ntshav .
Vim li cas ho ua 'Kev suav sib txawv' nrog rau FBC?
Qee zaum koj yuav pom "CBC nrog Differential" ntawm koj daim ntawv qhia. Qhov no txhais li cas?
Xav txog cov qe ntshav dawb ua peb pab tub rog. Ib qho FBC suav tag nrho cov tub rog hauv ib pab tub rog. Tab sis 'Kev suav sib txawv' mus tob dua li ntawd. Nws suav cov tub rog hauv ntau pawg tub rog sib txawv (piv txwv li, cov tub rog taug kev, cov tub ceev xwm txawj ntse) hauv pab tub rog ntawd.
Uas yog, muaj tsib hom qe ntshav dawb, thiab qhov 'Differential Count' no ntsuas tus lej ntawm txhua hom sib cais. Qhov no tso cai rau tus kws kho mob kom tau txais lub tswv yim meej heev txog qhov tshwm sim hauv koj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, xws li seb koj puas muaj kab mob bacterial, kab mob viral, lossis kev ua xua.
Thaum twg tus kws kho mob thiaj pom zoo kom ua FBC?
Vim tias FBC yog ib qho kev kuaj mob uas siv ntau heev, tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoo kom ua li ntawd rau ntau qhov xwm txheej.
- Ua ib feem ntawm kev kuaj mob txhua xyoo: Nkag siab dav dav txog koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho.
- Nrhiav cov tsos mob uas tsis tuaj yeem piav qhia: Piv txwv li, nrhiav qhov ua rau kub taub hau tas li, poob phaus, hws hmo ntuj, mob nqaij tawv tsis paub meej, thiab qaug zog tas li.
- Saib xyuas cov mob uas twb muaj lawm: Saib xyuas cov mob ntawm ib tus neeg uas muaj mob ntev xws li mob qog noj ntshav thiab mob raum ntev.
- Tshawb xyuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kho mob: Qee cov kev kho mob (piv txwv li, cov tshuaj kho mob qog noj ntshav) tuaj yeem ua rau cov qe ntshav dawb tsawg zuj zus. Qhov kev kuaj no yog ib qho tseem ceeb los saib xyuas cov txiaj ntsig zoo li no.
- Thaum cev xeeb tub: Xyuas kom meej tias niam cev xeeb tub thiab tus menyuam noj qab nyob zoo.
Cov xwm txheej twg tuaj yeem pom tau hauv daim ntawv qhia FBC?
Qhov kev kuaj no tsis hais ncaj qha tias "koj muaj mob hawb pob." Txawm li cas los xij, nws muab ntau yam tseem ceeb rau tus kws kho mob. Cov nqi hauv daim ntawv qhia tuaj yeem qhia txog cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:
| Lub npe kho mob | Hais yooj yim xwb... |
|---|---|
| Kab mob ntshav tsis txaus | Cov qe ntshav liab lossis hemoglobin qis (raws li peb hu ua, 'anemia'). |
| Kev kuaj mob ntshav liab (erythrocytosis) | Cov qe ntshav liab ntau dhau (ntshav tuab zuj zus). |
| Leukocytosis | Cov qe ntshav dawb ntau ntxiv (feem ntau yog ib qho cim qhia txog kev kis kab mob). |
| Leukopenia | Cov qe ntshav dawb tsawg (ib qho cim qhia tias lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj zog). |
| Kev mob ntshav txhaws | Cov ntshav platelet ntau ntxiv. |
| Kev txo cov ntshav txhaws | Txo cov ntshav platelet (pom nyob rau hauv cov kab mob xws li dengue). |
Tam sim no peb puas yuav tsum saib cov nqi hauv daim ntawv qhia kom meej me ntsis ntxiv?
Zoo, tam sim no cia peb sim nkag siab cov ntawv hauv daim ntawv qhia.
Tej yam yuav tsum paub txog Cov Qog Ntshav Liab
Cov no yog cov 'kev pabcuam xa khoom' uas nqa cov pa oxygen thoob plaws lub cev. Cov no yog cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb uas tau hais txog.
- RBC (Kev suav cov qe ntshav liab): Tag nrho cov qe ntshav liab hauv ib lub ntim ntshav.
- Hb / Hgb (Hemoglobin): Hemoglobin yog cov protein nqa oxygen uas pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov qe ntshav liab. Nws raug ntsuas los ntawm nws qhov ntau. Nws yog qhov ua rau cov ntshav muaj xim liab.
- Hct (Hematocrit): Muaj pes tsawg feem pua ntawm koj cov ntshav yog ua los ntawm cov qe ntshav liab.
Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, muaj qee cov nqi ntxiv uas qhia txog qhov ntau thiab zoo ntawm cov qe ntshav liab (hu ua 'Red Cell Indices').
- MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume): Qhov nruab nrab ntawm ib lub qe ntshav liab.
- MCH (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin): Tus nqi nruab nrab (qhov hnyav) ntawm hemoglobin hauv ib lub qe ntshav liab.
- MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration): Qhov kev sib sau ua ke ntawm hemoglobin hauv ib qho ntim ntawm cov ntshav.
- RDW (Qhov Dav ntawm Cov Qog Ntshav Liab): Qhov no qhia koj seb koj cov qe ntshav liab puas loj ib yam, lossis lawv puas yog cov qe ntshav loj thiab me sib xyaws ua ke . Zoo li saib seb lawv puas yog cov ncuav qab zib txiav los ntawm tib lub pwm, lossis cov ncuav qab zib ua tes sib txawv.
Tej yam yuav tsum paub txog Platelets
Cov no yog cov 'daim nplaum' ntawm peb lub cev. Yog tias peb raug mob lossis raug mob qhov twg, lawv yuav maj nrawm mus rau qhov chaw, lo rau ua ke, thiab nres qhov ntshav.
- Platelet Count: Tag nrho cov platelets hauv cov ntshav kuaj.
- MPV (Mean Platelet Volume): Qhov nruab nrab ntawm ib lub platelet.
Cov Qog Ntshav Dawb thiab lawv cov hom
Nov yog peb lub cev pab tub rog tiv thaiv. Lawv txoj haujlwm yog tiv thaiv peb los ntawm kev tawm tsam cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob. Yog tias koj ua 'Kev suav sib txawv', koj yuav tau txais cov ntaub ntawv sib cais txog cov tub rog sib txawv ntawm pab tub rog no.
| Hom Cell | Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb (yooj yim) |
|---|---|
| WBC (Cov Qog Ntshav Dawb) | Tag nrho cov lej ntawm txhua hom qe ntshav dawb. |
| Cov neutrophils | Ib yam li cov tub rog teb sai, lawv yog thawj tus tawm tsam cov kab mob bacterial thiab fungal . |
| Cov qe ntshav dawb | Ib yam li cov tub ceev xwm txawj ntse. Lawv tawm tsam cov kab mob sib kis . Lawv nco qab cov kab mob yav dhau los thiab qhia lub cev kom tawm tsam lawv sai sai yog tias lawv rov mob dua. |
| Cov Monocytes | Cov neeg ua haujlwm tu vaj tse. Lawv tshem tawm cov khib nyiab ntawm tes thiab cov kab mob uas tseem tshuav tom qab muaj kev kis kab mob. |
| Cov Eosinophils | Lawv tawm tsam cov kab mob parasitic (xws li cov kab mob me me). Lawv cov lej kuj nce ntxiv thaum muaj kev ua xua . |
| Cov basophils | Lawv tso tawm cov cim ceeb toom. Cov no yog cov uas tso tawm cov khoom xws li 'histamine' thaum muaj kev ua xua. |
Koj puas yuav tsum npaj rau qhov kev xeem FBC?
Qhov xov xwm zoo tshaj plaws yog tias koj tsis tas yuav npaj tshwj xeeb rau kev kuaj FBC. Koj tuaj yeem noj thiab haus tau li qub thiab noj koj cov tshuaj ib txwm. Tsis tas yuav yoo mov.
Tiam sis, nco ntsoov qhov no zoo:Yog koj tus kws kho mob tau kom koj mus kuaj lwm yam xws li kev kuaj ntshav qab zib thaum sawv ntxov lossis kuaj cov roj hauv lub cev, nrog rau kev kuaj FBC, koj yuav tsum ua raws li cov lus qhia rau qhov kev kuaj ntawd (piv txwv li, kev yoo mov 8-12 teev). Yog li ntawd, yog tias koj muaj kev tsis ntseeg txog yam uas nyob rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij lossis yam uas tus kws kho mob tau hais, nco ntsoov nug koj tus kws kho mob dua kom paub meej.
Puas yog 'Normal Range' hauv daim ntawv qhia FBC zoo ib yam rau txhua tus?
Qhov no yog ib qho kev nkag siab yuam kev uas neeg feem ntau pom. Qhov 'Normal Range / Reference Range' hauv koj daim ntawv qhia FBC tsis zoo ib yam rau txhua tus. Nws tuaj yeem sib txawv nyob ntawm ntau yam.
- Nyob ntawm lub chaw kuaj mob uas ua qhov kev kuaj mob: Cov nqi no yuav txawv me ntsis nyob ntawm cov tshuab thiab cov tshuaj siv los ntawm txhua lub chaw kuaj mob.
- Nyob ntawm koj lub hnub nyoog: Cov nqi 'Ib txwm' txawv rau cov neeg laus thiab cov menyuam yaus.
- Nyob ntawm koj tus poj niam txiv neej: Qee qhov txiaj ntsig (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov qe ntshav liab) sib txawv vim muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj hormones ntawm cov poj niam thiab cov txiv neej.
- Yog koj cev xeeb tub: Cov nqi no yuav hloov pauv vim muaj kev hloov pauv hauv koj lub cev thaum cev xeeb tub.
Yog li ntawd, tsuas yog piv cov nqi hauv koj daim ntawv qhia nrog 'Reference Range' (qhov ntau thiab tsawg tus nqi ib txwm muaj) uas muab rau ntawm sab ntawm daim ntawv qhia nws tus kheej. Tsis txhob piv nws nrog lwm tus neeg daim ntawv qhia lossis nrog cov nqi ib txwm muaj nyob hauv Is Taws Nem.
Kuv yuav tsum ua li cas tom ntej yog tias cov nqi hauv daim ntawv qhia siab dhau los yog qis dhau?
Tsis txhob ntshai yog tias koj pom tus nqi ntawm koj daim ntawv qhia uas nyob sab nraud ntawm 'Normal Range'. Nws tsis tas txhais tau tias koj muaj mob hnyav. Qee zaum nws yuav yog ib qho mob yooj yim heev, yooj yim kho.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog qhov no:
Tsis txhob txiav txim siab tias koj muaj kab mob raws li qhov koj nyeem hauv internet lossis lwm tus hais. Tsuas yog koj tus kws kho mob thiaj li muab tau qhov kev kuaj mob tseeb tshaj plaws rau koj, suav nrog koj cov tsos mob, koj keeb kwm kev kho mob, thiab cov txiaj ntsig hauv daim ntawv qhia FBC no.
Koj tus kws kho mob yuav tshuaj xyuas daim ntawv qhia thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, xaj kom kuaj ntxiv, pib kho mob, lossis tej zaum hais tias, "Qhov no tsis yog teeb meem loj, peb mam li rov qab los xyuas dua me ntsis." Yog li, nco ntsoov coj koj daim ntawv qhia thiab mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- FBC (Kev suav ntshav tag nrho) yog kev kuaj ntshav uas siv ntau thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb uas muab ntau cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb txog koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho.
- Tsis txhob ntshai cov lej thiab cov ntawv sau rau ntawm daim ntawv qhia. Lawv qhia koj txog qhov ntau thiab zoo ntawm cov qe ntshav sib txawv hauv koj cov ntshav.
- Qhov 'Normal Range' yuav txawv nyob ntawm hnub nyoog, poj niam txiv neej, thiab chav kuaj mob. Yog li ntawd, tsuas yog piv rau 'Reference Range' ntawm koj daim ntawv qhia xwb.
- Txawm tias tus nqi hauv daim ntawv qhia tsis yog qhov ib txwm muaj los xij, tsuas yog koj tus kws kho mob thiaj li muab tau cov lus txhais thiab cov lus qhia tseeb tshaj plaws.
- Tsis txhob kuaj mob koj tus kheej lossis nrhiav kev kho mob raws li lwm tus qhia. Mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob nrog koj daim ntawv qhia txhua lub sijhawm.
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Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.
Ntxiv koj cov lus