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Kab mob Gaucher yog dab tsi? Cia peb nkag siab yooj yim

Kab mob Gaucher yog dab tsi? Cia peb nkag siab yooj yim

Koj puas tau hnov ​​txog kab mob Gaucher? Tej zaum tsis tau hnov ​​dua. Vim tias nws yog ib yam kab mob uas tsis tshua muaj, nws tsis yog ib yam kab mob uas pom ntau hauv peb lub tebchaws. Tab sis vim nws yog ib yam kab mob caj ces uas kis tau los ntawm ib tiam dhau ib tiam, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum paub txog nws. Kab mob no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam tsos mob, txij li pob txha tsis muaj zog mus txog rau qhov hloov xiav txawm tias muaj qhov mob me me.

Hais yooj yim xwb, tus kab mob Gaucher yog dab tsi?

Zoo, cia peb hais li no. Muaj ib qho enzyme tshwj xeeb hauv peb lub cev uas pab rhuav tshem thiab tshem tawm qee hom rog. Hauv lub cev ntawm ib tus neeg uas muaj tus kab mob Gaucher, cov enzyme no tsis ua haujlwm zoo. Tom qab ntawd qhov tshwm sim yog tias cov rog ntawd tau tso rau hauv ntau qhov ntawm lub cev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv lub siab, lub zais zis, thiab pob txha . Thaum cov rog sib sau ua ke li no, ntau yam teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv pib tshwm sim.

Tam sim no tsis muaj kev kho rau tus kab mob no, tab sis nyob ntawm seb koj muaj hom kab mob Gaucher li cas, muaj kev kho mob zoo heev los tswj cov tsos mob.

Muaj peb hom kab mob Gaucher tseem ceeb:

1. Hom 1: Qhov no yog hom uas feem ntau tshwm sim. Nws tsis cuam tshuam rau lub paj hlwb. Cov tsos mob yuav tsis hnyav heev rau qee tus neeg, tab sis tuaj yeem hnyav dua rau lwm tus. Qee zaum yuav tsis muaj tsos mob li. Muaj kev kho mob zoo rau hom no.

2. Hom 2 thiab Hom 3: Ob hom no hnyav dua li hom 1 vim lawv cuam tshuam rau lub paj hlwb hauv nruab nrab, uas yog lub hlwb thiab tus txha caj qaum. Cov menyuam mos uas muaj hom 2 feem ntau tsis nyob dhau hnub nyoog 2. Hom 3 kuj ua rau lub hlwb puas tsuaj, tab sis cov tsos mob tshwm sim tom qab me ntsis thaum yau.

Dab tsi ua rau muaj tus kab mob Gaucher?

Qhov no tsis yog ib yam kab mob uas kis tau ntawm ib tug neeg mus rau ib tug neeg zoo li mob khaub thuas. Qhov no yog ib yam mob uas muaj los ntawm noob caj noob ces uas kis tau los ntawm ib tiam neeg mus rau ib tiam neeg. Nws yog los ntawm ib qho teeb meem hauv ib hom noob hu ua GBA.

Xav txog seb, ib tug me nyuam yuav muaj tus kab mob no yog tias lawv tau txais cov noob caj noob ces GBA no los ntawm lawv niam thiab txiv. Txawm tias ib tug neeg tsis muaj tus kab mob no los xij, lawv tseem tuaj yeem muaj cov noob caj noob ces GBA no hauv lawv lub cev (ua tus nqa kab mob) thiab xa mus rau lawv cov menyuam.

Kab mob no feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm cov neeg Yudais (Ashkenazi Jews) hauv Sab Hnub Tuaj thiab Nruab Nrab Tebchaws Europe.

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob no yog dab tsi?

Cov tsos mob yuav txawv ntawm ib tus neeg mus rau ib tus neeg. Lawv kuj txawv nyob ntawm hom kab mob. Cia peb saib cov tsos mob uas cuam tshuam nrog txhua hom.

Hom Kab Mob Cov tsos mob feem ntau
Hom 1
  • Cov ntshav platelet tsawg ua rau lub cev hloov xiav txawm tias muaj qhov mob me me los xij.
  • Los ntshav ntswg
  • Qaug zog heev vim yog anemia
  • Qhov tsos mob ntawm lub plab o vim yog lub siab lossis lub zais zis o.
  • Mob pob txha, pob txha tawg yooj yim, lossis mob pob qij txha
  • Teeb meem ntsws
Hom 2
(Rau cov menyuam mos hnub nyoog ntawm 3-6 lub hlis)
  • Kev txav qeeb ntawm lub qhov muag rov qab thiab tawm
  • Tsis nce qhov hnyav thiab loj hlob (tsis muaj zog)
  • Lub suab nrov thaum ua pa
  • Qaug dab peg
  • Kev puas tsuaj rau lub hlwb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub hlwb qia
  • Nyuaj nqos
  • Daim tawv nqaij xiav
  • Hom 3
    (Pib thaum yau)
  • Txhua yam teeb meem ntsig txog ntshav thiab pob txha
  • Ntxiv rau:
  • Nyuaj siab txav ob lub qhov muag ib sab mus rau ib sab lossis nce thiab nqis
  • Kev poob qis ntawm lub peev xwm ntawm lub hlwb
  • Nyuaj tswj cov ceg tawv
  • Kev mob ntsws hnyav zuj zus
  • Kab mob plawv Gaucher (Hom 3c)
    (Ib hom tsiaj tsis tshua muaj)
  • Cov hlab ntsha hauv lub plawv thiab cov hlab ntsha tuab
  • Cov kab mob pob txha
  • Mob qog ntshav o
  • Teeb meem qhov muag
  • Yuav kuaj mob li cas?

    Thaum koj mus ntsib kws kho mob uas muaj cov tsos mob no, nws yuav nug koj cov lus nug xws li:

    • Koj thawj zaug pom cov tsos mob thaum twg?
    • Koj tsev neeg keeb kwm haiv neeg yog dab tsi?
    • Puas muaj leej twg hauv cov tiam neeg dhau los ntawm tsev neeg muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv zoo li no?
    • Puas muaj ib tug neeg hauv koj cov txheeb ze lossis tsev neeg uas muaj menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 2 xyoos tuag?

    Yog koj tus kws kho mob xav tias koj muaj tus kab mob Gaucher, lawv tuaj yeem lees paub nws los ntawm kev kuaj ntshav lossis kuaj cov qaub ncaug . Lawv kuj tseem yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua kom saib xyuas qhov kev nce qib ntawm tus kab mob.

    Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, yuav muaj kev kuaj MRI los xyuas seb daim siab lossis tus po puas o, thiab yuav muaj kev kuaj pob txha kom paub tseeb tias pob txha ceev npaum li cas.

    Cov kev kho mob rau tus kab mob Gaucher yog dab tsi?

    Cov kev xaiv kho mob nyob ntawm seb hom kab mob thiab qhov hnyav ntawm cov tsos mob. Yog tias cov tsos mob tsis hnyav heev, tej zaum yuav tsis tas yuav kho mob dab tsi li.

    Cov kev kho mob tseem ceeb

    • Kev Kho Mob Hloov Enzyme (ERT): Qhov no yog kev kho mob tseem ceeb rau qee tus neeg uas muaj ntshav qab zib hom 1 thiab hom 3. Qhov no suav nrog kev muab lub cev ib qho enzyme uas tsis txaus. Cov tshuaj no raug muab rau hauv cov hlab ntsha (IV) li ib zaug txhua ob lub lis piam. Nws pab txo qhov ntshav tsis txaus, ua kom cov pob txha muaj zog, thiab kho qhov mob ntawm lub qhov ntswg thiab lub siab. Txawm li cas los xij, kev kho mob no tsis zoo rau cov teeb meem nrog lub paj hlwb uas cuam tshuam rau lub hlwb. 'Imiglucerase (Cerezyme)' thiab 'Velaglucerase alfa (VPRIV)' yog cov tshuaj ntawm hom no.
    • Kev Kho Mob Txo Qhov Hnyav (SRT): Cov no yog cov tshuaj uas tswj kev tsim cov rog uas tsim nyob rau hauv lub cev hauv tus kab mob Gaucher. Eliglustat (Cerdelga) thiab Miglustat (Zavesca) yog cov tshuaj zoo li no. Lawv raug muab rau cov neeg mob laus hom 1 uas tsis haum rau kev kho mob ERT.

    Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, tseem tsis tau muaj kev kho mob uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau lub hlwb los ntawm tus kab mob ntshav qab zib hom 3, tab sis cov kws tshawb fawb tseem niaj hnub ua haujlwm rau nws.

    Lwm yam kev kho mob txhawb nqa

    • Kev hloov ntshav rau anemia
    • Cov tshuaj kom txhawb cov pob txha thiab txo qhov mob
    • Kev phais hloov pob qij txha kom txhim kho kev txav mus los
    • Phais kom tshem tawm ib lub qhov ntswg loj
    • Cov tshuaj tswj qhov mob
    • Noj cov khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv xws li vitamin D thiab calcium yog tias koj tus kws kho mob pom zoo

    Nyob nrog tus kab mob thiab yuav tsum xav li cas

    Vim tias tus kab mob no txawv rau txhua tus neeg, koj yuav tsum ua haujlwm nrog koj tus kws kho mob kom nrhiav tau txoj kev kho mob uas haum rau koj. Kev kho mob tuaj yeem pab koj nyob zoo dua thiab ua kom koj lub neej ntev dua.

    Ib tug me nyuam uas muaj tus kab mob Gaucher yuav loj hlob qeeb dua li lwm tus me nyuam. Lawv kuj tseem yuav muaj hnub nyoog laus zuj zus qeeb. Nyob ntawm seb cov tsos mob li cas, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob ua tej yam xws li kev ua si uas sib chwv. Ib txhia neeg yuav tsum siv zog ntxiv kom ua tau ub ua no vim lawv mob thiab qaug zog heev.

    Nyob nrog tus mob zoo li no yog ib qho kev cov nyom, yog li nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nrhiav kev txhawb nqa los ntawm tsev neeg thiab cov phooj ywg, nrog rau kev sab laj txog kev puas siab puas ntsws yog tias tsim nyog.

    Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev

    • Kab mob Gaucher yog ib yam kab mob caj ces uas kis tau los ntawm ntau tiam neeg, tsis yog ib yam kab mob uas kis tau los ntawm ib tus neeg mus rau ib tus neeg.
    • Cov tsos mob yuav txawv ntau heev nyob ntawm hom kab mob thiab tus neeg mob. Rau qee tus neeg, cov tsos mob tsis hnyav heev.
    • Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum kuaj mob thiab pib kho thaum ntxov.
    • Txawm hais tias muaj kev kho mob zoo heev (ERT thiab SRT) rau hom 1 thiab qee yam ntawm hom 3, tus kab mob no tsis tuaj yeem kho tau tag nrho.
    • Yog tias koj lossis koj tus menyuam muaj tus kab mob no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum ua raws li txoj kev npaj kho mob kom zoo los ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog koj tus kws kho mob.
    • Kev tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm tsev neeg thiab cov pab pawg txhawb nqa yog ib qho kev txhawb zog zoo rau lub zog ntawm lub hlwb.

    Kab Mob Gaucher, Kab Mob Genetic, Tsis Muaj Enzyme txaus, Splenomegaly, Mob Siab, Mob Pob Txha
    ⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

    💬 Comments (0)

    Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.

    Ntxiv koj cov lus

    Thov xam: 1 + 9 =
    Kab mob Gaucher yog dab tsi? Cia peb nkag siab yooj yim

    Kab mob Gaucher yog dab tsi? Cia peb nkag siab yooj yim

    Koj puas tau hnov ​​txog kab mob Gaucher? Tej zaum tsis tau hnov ​​dua. Vim tias nws yog ib yam kab mob uas tsis tshua muaj, nws tsis yog ib yam kab mob uas pom ntau hauv peb lub tebchaws. Tab sis vim nws yog ib yam kab mob caj ces uas kis tau los ntawm ib tiam dhau ib tiam, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum paub txog nws. Kab mob no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam tsos mob, txij li pob txha tsis muaj zog mus txog rau qhov hloov xiav txawm tias muaj qhov mob me me.

    Hais yooj yim xwb, tus kab mob Gaucher yog dab tsi?

    Zoo, cia peb hais li no. Muaj ib qho enzyme tshwj xeeb hauv peb lub cev uas pab rhuav tshem thiab tshem tawm qee hom rog. Hauv lub cev ntawm ib tus neeg uas muaj tus kab mob Gaucher, cov enzyme no tsis ua haujlwm zoo. Tom qab ntawd qhov tshwm sim yog tias cov rog ntawd tau tso rau hauv ntau qhov ntawm lub cev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv lub siab, lub zais zis, thiab pob txha . Thaum cov rog sib sau ua ke li no, ntau yam teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv pib tshwm sim.

    Tam sim no tsis muaj kev kho rau tus kab mob no, tab sis nyob ntawm seb koj muaj hom kab mob Gaucher li cas, muaj kev kho mob zoo heev los tswj cov tsos mob.

    Muaj peb hom kab mob Gaucher tseem ceeb:

    1. Hom 1: Qhov no yog hom uas feem ntau tshwm sim. Nws tsis cuam tshuam rau lub paj hlwb. Cov tsos mob yuav tsis hnyav heev rau qee tus neeg, tab sis tuaj yeem hnyav dua rau lwm tus. Qee zaum yuav tsis muaj tsos mob li. Muaj kev kho mob zoo rau hom no.

    2. Hom 2 thiab Hom 3: Ob hom no hnyav dua li hom 1 vim lawv cuam tshuam rau lub paj hlwb hauv nruab nrab, uas yog lub hlwb thiab tus txha caj qaum. Cov menyuam mos uas muaj hom 2 feem ntau tsis nyob dhau hnub nyoog 2. Hom 3 kuj ua rau lub hlwb puas tsuaj, tab sis cov tsos mob tshwm sim tom qab me ntsis thaum yau.

    Dab tsi ua rau muaj tus kab mob Gaucher?

    Qhov no tsis yog ib yam kab mob uas kis tau ntawm ib tug neeg mus rau ib tug neeg zoo li mob khaub thuas. Qhov no yog ib yam mob uas muaj los ntawm noob caj noob ces uas kis tau los ntawm ib tiam neeg mus rau ib tiam neeg. Nws yog los ntawm ib qho teeb meem hauv ib hom noob hu ua GBA.

    Xav txog seb, ib tug me nyuam yuav muaj tus kab mob no yog tias lawv tau txais cov noob caj noob ces GBA no los ntawm lawv niam thiab txiv. Txawm tias ib tug neeg tsis muaj tus kab mob no los xij, lawv tseem tuaj yeem muaj cov noob caj noob ces GBA no hauv lawv lub cev (ua tus nqa kab mob) thiab xa mus rau lawv cov menyuam.

    Kab mob no feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm cov neeg Yudais (Ashkenazi Jews) hauv Sab Hnub Tuaj thiab Nruab Nrab Tebchaws Europe.

    Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob no yog dab tsi?

    Cov tsos mob yuav txawv ntawm ib tus neeg mus rau ib tus neeg. Lawv kuj txawv nyob ntawm hom kab mob. Cia peb saib cov tsos mob uas cuam tshuam nrog txhua hom.

    Hom Kab Mob Cov tsos mob feem ntau
    Hom 1
    • Cov ntshav platelet tsawg ua rau lub cev hloov xiav txawm tias muaj qhov mob me me los xij.
    • Los ntshav ntswg
    • Qaug zog heev vim yog anemia
    • Qhov tsos mob ntawm lub plab o vim yog lub siab lossis lub zais zis o.
    • Mob pob txha, pob txha tawg yooj yim, lossis mob pob qij txha
    • Teeb meem ntsws
    Hom 2
    (Rau cov menyuam mos hnub nyoog ntawm 3-6 lub hlis)
  • Kev txav qeeb ntawm lub qhov muag rov qab thiab tawm
  • Tsis nce qhov hnyav thiab loj hlob (tsis muaj zog)
  • Lub suab nrov thaum ua pa
  • Qaug dab peg
  • Kev puas tsuaj rau lub hlwb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub hlwb qia
  • Nyuaj nqos
  • Daim tawv nqaij xiav
  • Hom 3
    (Pib thaum yau)
  • Txhua yam teeb meem ntsig txog ntshav thiab pob txha
  • Ntxiv rau:
  • Nyuaj siab txav ob lub qhov muag ib sab mus rau ib sab lossis nce thiab nqis
  • Kev poob qis ntawm lub peev xwm ntawm lub hlwb
  • Nyuaj tswj cov ceg tawv
  • Kev mob ntsws hnyav zuj zus
  • Kab mob plawv Gaucher (Hom 3c)
    (Ib hom tsiaj tsis tshua muaj)
  • Cov hlab ntsha hauv lub plawv thiab cov hlab ntsha tuab
  • Cov kab mob pob txha
  • Mob qog ntshav o
  • Teeb meem qhov muag
  • Yuav kuaj mob li cas?

    Thaum koj mus ntsib kws kho mob uas muaj cov tsos mob no, nws yuav nug koj cov lus nug xws li:

    • Koj thawj zaug pom cov tsos mob thaum twg?
    • Koj tsev neeg keeb kwm haiv neeg yog dab tsi?
    • Puas muaj leej twg hauv cov tiam neeg dhau los ntawm tsev neeg muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv zoo li no?
    • Puas muaj ib tug neeg hauv koj cov txheeb ze lossis tsev neeg uas muaj menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 2 xyoos tuag?

    Yog koj tus kws kho mob xav tias koj muaj tus kab mob Gaucher, lawv tuaj yeem lees paub nws los ntawm kev kuaj ntshav lossis kuaj cov qaub ncaug . Lawv kuj tseem yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua kom saib xyuas qhov kev nce qib ntawm tus kab mob.

    Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, yuav muaj kev kuaj MRI los xyuas seb daim siab lossis tus po puas o, thiab yuav muaj kev kuaj pob txha kom paub tseeb tias pob txha ceev npaum li cas.

    Cov kev kho mob rau tus kab mob Gaucher yog dab tsi?

    Cov kev xaiv kho mob nyob ntawm seb hom kab mob thiab qhov hnyav ntawm cov tsos mob. Yog tias cov tsos mob tsis hnyav heev, tej zaum yuav tsis tas yuav kho mob dab tsi li.

    Cov kev kho mob tseem ceeb

    • Kev Kho Mob Hloov Enzyme (ERT): Qhov no yog kev kho mob tseem ceeb rau qee tus neeg uas muaj ntshav qab zib hom 1 thiab hom 3. Qhov no suav nrog kev muab lub cev ib qho enzyme uas tsis txaus. Cov tshuaj no raug muab rau hauv cov hlab ntsha (IV) li ib zaug txhua ob lub lis piam. Nws pab txo qhov ntshav tsis txaus, ua kom cov pob txha muaj zog, thiab kho qhov mob ntawm lub qhov ntswg thiab lub siab. Txawm li cas los xij, kev kho mob no tsis zoo rau cov teeb meem nrog lub paj hlwb uas cuam tshuam rau lub hlwb. 'Imiglucerase (Cerezyme)' thiab 'Velaglucerase alfa (VPRIV)' yog cov tshuaj ntawm hom no.
    • Kev Kho Mob Txo Qhov Hnyav (SRT): Cov no yog cov tshuaj uas tswj kev tsim cov rog uas tsim nyob rau hauv lub cev hauv tus kab mob Gaucher. Eliglustat (Cerdelga) thiab Miglustat (Zavesca) yog cov tshuaj zoo li no. Lawv raug muab rau cov neeg mob laus hom 1 uas tsis haum rau kev kho mob ERT.

    Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, tseem tsis tau muaj kev kho mob uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau lub hlwb los ntawm tus kab mob ntshav qab zib hom 3, tab sis cov kws tshawb fawb tseem niaj hnub ua haujlwm rau nws.

    Lwm yam kev kho mob txhawb nqa

    • Kev hloov ntshav rau anemia
    • Cov tshuaj kom txhawb cov pob txha thiab txo qhov mob
    • Kev phais hloov pob qij txha kom txhim kho kev txav mus los
    • Phais kom tshem tawm ib lub qhov ntswg loj
    • Cov tshuaj tswj qhov mob
    • Noj cov khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv xws li vitamin D thiab calcium yog tias koj tus kws kho mob pom zoo

    Nyob nrog tus kab mob thiab yuav tsum xav li cas

    Vim tias tus kab mob no txawv rau txhua tus neeg, koj yuav tsum ua haujlwm nrog koj tus kws kho mob kom nrhiav tau txoj kev kho mob uas haum rau koj. Kev kho mob tuaj yeem pab koj nyob zoo dua thiab ua kom koj lub neej ntev dua.

    Ib tug me nyuam uas muaj tus kab mob Gaucher yuav loj hlob qeeb dua li lwm tus me nyuam. Lawv kuj tseem yuav muaj hnub nyoog laus zuj zus qeeb. Nyob ntawm seb cov tsos mob li cas, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob ua tej yam xws li kev ua si uas sib chwv. Ib txhia neeg yuav tsum siv zog ntxiv kom ua tau ub ua no vim lawv mob thiab qaug zog heev.

    Nyob nrog tus mob zoo li no yog ib qho kev cov nyom, yog li nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nrhiav kev txhawb nqa los ntawm tsev neeg thiab cov phooj ywg, nrog rau kev sab laj txog kev puas siab puas ntsws yog tias tsim nyog.

    Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev

    • Kab mob Gaucher yog ib yam kab mob caj ces uas kis tau los ntawm ntau tiam neeg, tsis yog ib yam kab mob uas kis tau los ntawm ib tus neeg mus rau ib tus neeg.
    • Cov tsos mob yuav txawv ntau heev nyob ntawm hom kab mob thiab tus neeg mob. Rau qee tus neeg, cov tsos mob tsis hnyav heev.
    • Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum kuaj mob thiab pib kho thaum ntxov.
    • Txawm hais tias muaj kev kho mob zoo heev (ERT thiab SRT) rau hom 1 thiab qee yam ntawm hom 3, tus kab mob no tsis tuaj yeem kho tau tag nrho.
    • Yog tias koj lossis koj tus menyuam muaj tus kab mob no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum ua raws li txoj kev npaj kho mob kom zoo los ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog koj tus kws kho mob.
    • Kev tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm tsev neeg thiab cov pab pawg txhawb nqa yog ib qho kev txhawb zog zoo rau lub zog ntawm lub hlwb.

    Kab Mob Gaucher, Kab Mob Genetic, Tsis Muaj Enzyme txaus, Splenomegaly, Mob Siab, Mob Pob Txha
    ⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

    💬 Comments (0)

    Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.

    Ntxiv koj cov lus

    Thov xam: 1 + 9 =