Tej zaum koj yuav tau hnov tias muaj cov kev kho mob tshiab, siab heev rau cov kab mob loj xws li mob qog noj ntshav. Qee zaum tus kws kho mob yuav hais tias, "Muaj ib yam tshuaj tshwj xeeb rau qhov no uas siv peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob." Hnub no, peb yuav tham txog kev kho mob uas tau ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv loj hauv kev kho mob. Cov no hu ua monoclonal antibodies. Txawm hais tias lub npe nyuaj me ntsis, zaj dab neeg yooj yim heev. Cia peb saib seb qhov no yog dab tsi.
Cov tshuaj monoclonal antibodies no yog dab tsi?
Hais yooj yim xwb, cov no yog cov protein tshwj xeeb uas ua nyob rau hauv chav kuaj uas ua haujlwm tib yam li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas peb lub cev tsim tawm ntuj.
Tam sim no xav txog nws, peb lub cev zoo li ib lub teb chaws. Muaj ib pab tub rog los tiv thaiv lub teb chaws no. Pab tub rog ntawd yog peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob . Cov kab mob thiab cov tshuaj ua rau muaj kab mob (peb hu cov antigens no) uas los ntawm sab nraud zoo li cov yeeb ncuab tuaj rau peb lub teb chaws. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no yog cov tub rog tshwj xeeb hauv peb pab tub rog. Lawv txoj haujlwm yog nrhiav, ntes, thiab rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab no.
Qee zaum, txawm hais tias cov khoom zoo li cov hlwb qog noj ntshav loj hlob hauv peb lub cev, peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis tuaj yeem paub lawv. Yog thaum ntawd peb nrhiav kev pab los ntawm sab nraud.
Cov tshuaj monoclonal antibodies , hais yooj yim xwb, zoo li cov tub rog cloned uas tau kawm tshwj xeeb, ntse heev, tsim nyob rau hauv chav kuaj. "Mono" txhais tau tias "ib." "Clonal" txhais tau tias "copy." Uas yog, ib qho tshuaj antibody ntse heev raug xaiv thiab ntau lab daim qauv theej ntawm nws raug tsim nyob rau hauv chav kuaj. Cov tub rog antibodies no ces raug txhaj rau hauv peb lub cev ua tshuaj. Lawv mus ncaj qha rau cov cell uas ua rau muaj kab mob (piv txwv li, cov cell mob qog noj ntshav), txuas rau lawv, thiab pab peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob rhuav tshem lawv.
Yog tias lub npe ntawm hom tshuaj no muaj peb tsab ntawv "mab" nyob rau thaum kawg (piv txwv li Trastuzumab, Rituximab), nws txhais tau tias nws yog Monoclonal Antibody.
Qhov txawv ntawm monoclonal thiab polyclonal yog dab tsi?
Qhov no kuj yooj yim heev.
- Monoclonal: Qhov no zoo li tus neeg tua phom. Tsuas muaj ib lub hom phiaj xwb. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no tau tsim los txuas rau ib qho antigen xwb. Yog li ntawd, lawv tshwj xeeb heev thiab yuav tsis plam lub hom phiaj.
- Polyclonal: "Poly" txhais tau tias "ntau." Cov no yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib txawv. Zoo li ib pab tub rog uas muaj riam phom sib txawv, lawv tuaj yeem tawm tsam ntau hom antigens .
Cov tshuaj monoclonal antibodies feem ntau siv rau kev kho mob vim tias lawv tau tsom mus rau tshwj xeeb.
Cov no siv rau dab tsi?
Txoj kev kho mob no tam sim no siv rau ntau yam. Txij li kev tshawb fawb mus txog kev kho cov kab mob.
| Thaj chaw siv | Ib qho lus piav qhia yooj yim |
|---|---|
| Rau kev kuaj mob | Nws yog siv hauv chav kuaj mob los txheeb xyuas cov tshuaj. Piv txwv li, lub cuab yeej kuaj cev xeeb tub uas koj siv hauv tsev kuj ua haujlwm nrog cov thev naus laus zis no. |
| Kev faib tawm ntawm cov nqaij thiab cov ntshav | Cov no yog siv los xyuas seb cov nqaij ntawm tus neeg pub thiab tus neeg txais puas sib haum thaum lub sijhawm hloov cev. |
| Kho cov kab mob | Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Cov no yog siv los kho ntau yam kab mob, xws li mob qog noj ntshav thiab mob pob qij txha. |
Cov kab mob twg siv cov tshuaj monoclonal antibodies kho tau?
Txoj kev kho mob no tam sim no siv tau zoo rau ntau yam kab mob. Ib txhia ntawm lawv suav nrog:
- Mob qog noj ntshav: Rau ntau hom mob qog noj ntshav xws li mob qog noj ntshav hauv lub mis, mob qog noj ntshav hauv plab hnyuv, thiab mob qog noj ntshav hauv cov ntshav.
- Yuav kom tiv thaiv kev tsis lees txais cov noob hloov pauv: Tiv thaiv lub cev kom tsis txhob tsis lees txais cov noob hloov pauv (xws li lub raum lossis lub siab).
- Kab mob autoimmune: Rau cov kab mob uas lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tawm tsam nws cov hlwb, xws li mob rheumatoid arthritis thiab Crohn's disease.
- Kev Ua Xua: Rau kev ua xua hnyav thiab lwm yam kev ua xua.
- Kev kis kab mob: Lawv kuj tau siv los kho qee yam kev kis kab mob, xws li COVID-19.
- Kab mob pob txha
- Cov mob qhov muag
- Mob taub hau loj
- Cov roj cholesterol ntau
Kev kho mob no muab li cas?
Kev kho mob no feem ntau yog muab ua kua dej zoo li ntsev rau hauv cov leeg ntshav (tso rau hauv cov hlab ntsha lossis tso rau hauv cov hlab ntsha IV). Qhov no feem ntau yog muab rau hauv chav tshwj xeeb (chaw tso tshuaj) hauv tsev kho mob lossis chaw kho mob. Tej zaum yuav muaj ntau tus neeg tau txais kev kho mob nyob ntawd tib lub sijhawm uas koj tab tom kho mob.
Yog tias qhov no yog koj thawj zaug tau txais kev kho mob no, koj tus kws kho mob yuav hais kom koj coj ib tug neeg hauv tsev neeg nrog koj mus kom lawv thiaj li kawm tau txog kev kho mob thiab yuav muaj dab tsi tshwm sim tom qab. Thaum lub sijhawm kho mob thawj zaug, cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob yuav saib xyuas koj kom zoo zoo kom pom tias koj puas muaj kev tsis haum tshuaj loj.
Tsis tshua muaj, qee cov monoclonal antibodies kuj raug muab ua kev txhaj tshuaj subcutaneous. Yog tias qhov no yog qhov teeb meem, koj yuav raug qhia yuav ua li cas muab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau koj tus kheej.
Puas muaj ntau hom kev kho mob no sib txawv?
Yog lawm, cov tub rog "cloned" no tuaj yeem ua ntau yam haujlwm. Yog li ntawd, muaj peb hom tseem ceeb.
| Hom | Hais yooj yim xwb... |
|---|---|
| Cov Tshuaj Monoclonal Liab Qab | Cov tub rog no ua haujlwm ib leeg xwb. Lawv mus ncaj qha rau lub cell ntawm tus yeeb ncuab thiab ua lub cim rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob kom rhuav tshem nws. |
| Cov Tshuaj Monoclonal Sib Txuas | Cov tub rog no tsis mus ib leeg xwb. Lawv nqa ib lub "foob pob." Uas yog, ib yam khoom tawg lossis tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav txuas nrog rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no. Tus tub rog mus ncaj qha rau lub cell ntawm tus yeeb ncuab thiab ua rau lub foob pob no tawg. Tom qab ntawd qhov kev puas tsuaj tsuas yog rau lub cell ntawm tus yeeb ncuab xwb. |
| Cov Tshuaj Antibody Monoclonal Ob Hom | Cov no yog cov tub rog txawj ntse tshaj plaws. Zoo li lawv muaj ob txhais tes. Thaum koj tuav ib lub cell yeeb ncuab nrog ib sab tes, koj tuav ib lub cell los ntawm peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob nrog lwm sab tes thiab hais tias, "Nov yog tus yeeb ncuab, tawm tsam." Lawv txuas ncaj qha. |
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj kev kho mob no yog dab tsi?
- Kev kho mob uas tsom rau lub hom phiaj: Qhov no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Tsis zoo li kev kho mob chemotherapy ib txwm muaj, kev kho mob no ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj me ntsis rau cov hlwb noj qab haus huv. Vim tias nws tsuas yog tawm tsam lub hom phiaj xwb, muaj tsawg dua cov kev mob tshwm sim.
- Kev vam meej siab: Txoj kev kho mob no tau ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov kab mob xws li qee hom mob qog noj ntshav.
- Kev Zoo: Vim tias nws yog ua nyob rau hauv chav kuaj mob, txhua pawg tshuaj uas tsim tawm yog tib tus qauv.
- Kev tsim khoom ntau: Cov no tam sim no tuaj yeem tsim tau ntau heev.
Puas muaj tej yam txaus ntshai lossis teeb meem nrog kev kho mob no?
Ib yam li kev kho mob twg los xij, muaj qee qhov kev pheej hmoo. Tab sis tsis txhob txhawj, koj tus kws kho mob yuav piav qhia txhua yam rau koj.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog qhia rau cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob tam sim ntawd yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob txawv txawv thaum lub sijhawm lossis tom qab kev kho mob no.
Cov teeb meem uas tshwm sim ntau muaj xws li:
- Cov kev tsis haum tshuaj thaum muab tshuaj rau hauv cov hlab ntsha: Cov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum lossis tom qab muab tshuaj rau hauv cov hlab ntsha tsis ntev. Cov no feem ntau tsis yog qhov loj heev.
- Mob pob khaus ntawm daim tawv nqaij
- Ua npaws
- Ntshai vim txias
- Ua pa nyuaj
- Tawm hws
- Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntshav siab
- Lub plawv dhia ceev dua
Yog tias muaj tej yam zoo li no tshwm sim, nws tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm kev qeeb qeeb ntawm kev siv tshuaj lossis tsum nws ib pliag.
- Cov kev tsis haum tshuaj loj dua (tab sis tsis tshua pom):
- Mob Anaphylaxis Loj Hlob: Qhov no yog ib qho kev ua xua hnyav uas tshwm sim sai sai thiab tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus. Qhov no yog vim li cas thiaj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas zoo thaum thawj zaug siv tshuaj.
- Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS): Qhov no yog ib qho mob uas lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ua haujlwm ntau dhau thiab ua rau muaj "cua daj cua dub." Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau cov kabmob puas tsuaj.
- Kab mob hauv cov ntshav: Qhov tshwm sim hauv qhov no yog tias peb lub cev pib tawm tsam cov protein (antibody) uas tau muab los ua kev kho mob.
Tej zaum yuav muaj qee yam kev pheej hmoo tshwj xeeb rau tus kab mob uas tab tom kho. Piv txwv li, mob qog nqaij hlav lysis syndrome hauv kev kho mob qog noj ntshav.Qhov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum cov hlwb qog nqaij hlav raug rhuav tshem sai sai, thiab lub raum tsis muaj peev xwm tswj cov khoom pov tseg uas lawv tsim tawm.
Yuav siv sijhawm ntev npaum li cas thiaj rov zoo tom qab kho tas?
Lub sijhawm uas siv rau kev muab tshuaj rau hauv cov hlab ntsha tuaj yeem sib txawv. Piv txwv li, hauv qee qhov kev kho mob rau COVID-19, cov tshuaj tau muab li ib teev, tom qab ntawd yog li ib teev ntawm kev soj ntsuam.
Yog vim li ntawd koj yuav tsum nrog ib tug neeg hauv tsev neeg tuaj rau thawj hnub. Yog tias tsis muaj kev phiv, koj tuaj yeem tuaj ib leeg rau kev kho mob tom ntej. Yog tias koj tsis nkees tom qab kev kho mob, nug koj tus kws kho mob seb koj puas tuaj yeem ua koj cov dej num ib txwm (ua haujlwm, kawm ntawv). Nws nyob ntawm koj tus mob thiab kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho.
Kuv puas yuav tsum nrog tus kws kho mob tham txog qhov no?
Yeej yog lawm.
- Yog tias koj twb tau txais kev kho mob monoclonal antibody thiab koj muaj cov tsos mob txawv txawv (zoo li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas peb tau tham ua ntej), hu rau koj tus kws kho mob tam sim ntawd lossis mus rau Chav Kho Mob Thaum Muaj Xwm Ceev (ETU).
- Yog koj muaj ib yam mob uas tau txheeb xyuas tias yog ib txoj kev xaiv kho mob, nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham txog seb kev kho mob monoclonal antibody no puas yog rau koj. Nws yuav soj ntsuam koj tus mob, piav qhia txog qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, thiab piav qhia seb nws puas yog rau koj.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv monoclonal yog kev kho mob tshwj xeeb uas siv cov qauv ntawm peb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, ua nyob rau hauv chav kuaj mob.
- Cov no yog "kev kho mob uas tsom mus rau ib qho" yog li ntawd muaj kev puas tsuaj tsawg dua rau cov hlwb noj qab haus huv.
- Cov no tam sim no tau siv los kho ntau yam kab mob loj, xws li mob qog noj ntshav, mob pob qij txha, thiab mob ua xua.
- Kev kho mob no feem ntau yog muab ua cov kua ntsev rau hauv cov leeg ntshav. Tej zaum yuav muaj qee qhov kev tsis haum tshuaj thaum lub sijhawm kho mob thiab tom qab kho mob.
- Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum qhia rau koj tus kws kho mob txog tej yam tsos mob txawv txawv tam sim ntawd.
- Tsuas yog koj tus kws kho mob thiaj li txiav txim siab tau seb qhov kev kho mob no puas yog rau koj, yog li ntawd, nrog nws tham txog txhua yam.
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Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.
Ntxiv koj cov lus