Oligodendroglioma: Cia peb kawm txog hom qog hlwb no hauv cov lus yooj yim

Koj puas feem ntau mob taub hau yam tsis muaj laj thawj? Los yog koj puas tau muaj qaug dab peg thawj zaug hauv koj lub neej? Qee zaum qhov laj thawj loj tshaj plaws tom qab tej yam no yog mob qog hauv hlwb. Txawm hnov ​​​​​​cov lus no ua rau peb ntshai heev, puas yog? Tab sis hnub no peb yuav tham txog ib hom qog hauv hlwb uas tsis tshua muaj, tab sis teb tau zoo heev rau kev kho mob. Ntawd yog oligodendroglioma.

Hais yooj yim xwb, oligodendroglioma yog dab tsi?

Oligodendroglioma yog ib qho mob qog uas loj hlob hauv lub hlwb. Tsis tshua muaj, nws kuj tuaj yeem loj hlob hauv cov hlab ntsha qaum. Cov qog no loj hlob los ntawm ib hom cell tshwj xeeb hauv peb lub paj hlwb hu ua glial cells. Yog xav kom meej, los ntawm cov cell hu ua 'oligodendrocytes' ntawm cov glial cells.

Tam sim no tej zaum koj yuav xav paub tias cov hlwb glial no, oligodendrocytes, yog dab tsi. Xav txog tias peb lub paj hlwb yog ib lub tuam txhab loj. Txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv nws yog ua los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hu ua neurons. Lawv yog cov uas nqa cov lus los ntawm lub hlwb mus rau lub cev thiab los ntawm lub cev mus rau lub hlwb. Yog li muaj ib pawg neeg pab uas pab cov neurons no, tiv thaiv lawv, thiab muab cov khoom noj khoom haus uas lawv xav tau. Cov ntawd yog cov hlwb glial .

Yog li cov oligodendrocytes no yog dab tsi?

Lub npe no suab txawv me ntsis, puas yog? Nws muaj ob peb lo lus Greek.

• Oligo (Oligo-): me me
• Dendro (-dendro-): zoo li tsob ntoo
• Cov hlwb (-cytes): cov hlwb

Hais yooj yim xwb, nws txhais tau tias "cov hlwb me me uas muaj ceg zoo li tsob ntoo." Txoj haujlwm ntawm cov hlwb no tseem ceeb heev. Peb cov hlwb muaj ib sab caj npab ntev hu ua axon. Qhov no yog qhov chaw uas cov teeb liab hluav taws xob mus ncig. Ib yam li cov xov hluav taws xob . Yog li muaj ib lub hnab tiv thaiv nyob ib puag ncig lub axon no. Nws hu ua myelin sheath. Qhov no ua kom cov teeb liab mus ncig sai thiab tsis muaj qhov xau. Lub hnab myelin ntawd yog ua los ntawm cov hlwb no hu ua oligodendrocytes . Ib lub hlwb oligodendrocyte tuaj yeem ua lub hnab myelin nyob ib puag ncig lub axon ntawm kwv yees li 30-40 lub hlwb nyob rau sab saum toj thiab hauv qab. Yog vim li cas nws thiaj hais tias muaj ceg zoo li tsob ntoo.

Yog li, oligodendroglioma yog ib qho qog uas tsim los ntawm kev faib tsis tswj hwm ntawm cov hlwb oligodendrocyte, uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawd.

Puas muaj ntau hom txiv ntoo no?

Yog. Lub Koom Haum Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Ntiaj Teb (WHO) tau faib cov qog no ua theem (qib) raws li lawv qhov hnyav. Yog li ntawd, muaj ob hom oligodendroglioma tseem ceeb. Cia peb saib qhov no hauv txoj hauv kev yooj yim kom nkag siab.

Cov tsos mob ntawm oligodendroglioma yog dab tsi?

Feem ntau, cov tsos mob ntawm cov qog hauv hlwb tshwm sim thaum cov qog loj txaus kom pib nias rau ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg hauv hlwb ib puag ncig. Ob qho tsos mob feem ntau ntawm oligodendroglioma yog mob taub hau thiab qaug dab peg . Qhov tseeb, kwv yees li 80% ntawm cov neeg uas muaj tus kab mob no muaj qaug dab peg.

Qhov no yog vim hom qog no feem ntau tshwm sim hauv lub hlwb cortex, sab nraud tshaj plaws, thiab muaj qhov ntsws. Thaj chaw no muaj cov chaw uas saib xyuas peb cov haujlwm txhua hnub, xws li kev pom kev, kev hais lus, thiab kev tswj cov leeg nqaij. Thaum lub qog ua rau cov cheeb tsam no ua rau mob qaug dab peg.

Ntxiv rau qhov qaug dab peg, "cov tsos mob tseem ceeb" kuj tseem yuav tshwm sim, qhia txog teeb meem hauv ib cheeb tsam tshwj xeeb ntawm lub hlwb. Cov no suav nrog:

• Cov leeg tsis muaj zog lossis tuag tes tuag taw ntawm ib sab ntawm lub cev lossis ib sab ntawm lub ntsej muag .
• Kev hnov ​​​​lus tsis zoo.
• Nyuaj hais lus lossis nkag siab txog lwm tus hais li cas (aphasia).
• Pom kev tsis zoo, pom ob sab, pom tsis meej.
• Teeb meem nco qab.
• Muaj teeb meem xav thiab tsom ntsoov.

Vim li cas ho muaj qhov teeb meem no?

Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev. Yuav kom kuaj tau tias muaj oligodendroglioma, yuav tsum muaj ob qho kev hloov pauv caj ces.

Xav txog tias muaj ib phau ntawv qhia ua zaub mov loj uas muab cov lus qhia rau cov cell hauv peb lub cev. Peb hu nws ua DNA. Cov khoom uas DNA no tau qhwv ua ke hu ua chromosomes. Thaum cov cell faib, phau ntawv qhia ua zaub mov no raug theej. Qee zaum qhov yuam kev tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm theej ntawd. Zoo, ob qhov yuam kev zoo li no yog qhov laj thawj rau qhov no.

1. 1p/19q co-deletion: Ob feem me me ntawm peb cov chromosomes tus lej 1 thiab tus lej 19 raug tshem tawm. Qhov no yog lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm cov noob caj noob ces hauv cov qog no.

2. Kev hloov pauv ntawm IDH1 lossis IDH2: Kev hloov pauv tshwm sim hauv ib lub noob caj noob ces uas ua rau muaj ib qho enzyme uas pab txhawb kev zom zaub mov hauv peb lub cev.

Txog tam sim no, tseem tsis tau muaj lwm yam kev pheej hmoo rau tus mob no.

Qhov no ua rau muaj teeb meem dab tsi?

Cov teeb meem ntawm lub qog hauv hlwb nyob ntawm seb nws nyob qhov twg thiab loj npaum li cas. Qee qhov tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ceev faj yog:

• Kev hloov pauv phem: Qee zaum, ib qho qog nqaij hlav qib qis (Qib 2) tuaj yeem hloov pauv raws sijhawm thiab dhau los ua qog nqaij hlav qib siab (Qib 3).
• Cov mob zoo li mob stroke: Thaum lub qog loj hlob tuaj, qhov siab hauv lub hlwb nce ntxiv, ua rau cov hlab ntsha o, ua rau muaj cov mob zoo li mob stroke.
• Kev hloov pauv hauv cov pob txha ntawm lub taub hau: Cov qog no tuaj yeem ua tawv vim muaj calcium tso rau hauv. Cov qog uas loj hlob qeeb kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov pob txha ntawm lub taub hau.

Yuav kuaj mob li cas?

Thaum koj mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob thaum koj muaj cov tsos mob, nws yuav ua raws li ob peb kauj ruam.

1. Kev kuaj lub cev thiab lub paj hlwb: Tus kws kho mob yuav kuaj koj qhov sib npaug, lub zog ntawm cov leeg, kev pom kev, thiab kev xav.

2. Kev kuaj mob los ntawm kev siv duab: Yuav muaj kev luam theej duab los saib sab hauv lub taub hau.

• CT scan (Computed Tomography): Qhov no feem ntau yog thawj qhov ua thaum muaj qee yam zoo li qaug dab peg. Cov qog no pom tau zoo ntawm CT scan vim tias lawv muaj calcium.
• Kev thaij duab MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Qhov no tuaj yeem muab kev saib xyuas kom ntxaws ntxiv ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg hauv lub hlwb, qhov loj me, thiab qhov chaw ntawm lub qog.

3.Kev kuaj lub hlwb: Qhov no yog qhov kev kuaj uas lees paub tus kab mob 100% . Kev luam theej duab ib leeg tsis tuaj yeem qhia tseeb tias nws yog oligodendroglioma. Hauv kev kuaj lub hlwb, tus kws phais hlwb yuav phais tshem tawm ib daim me me ntawm lub qog thiab xa mus rau chav kuaj mob. Nyob ntawd, cov hlwb raug saib hauv qab lub tshuab microscope. Lawv kuj tseem kuaj xyuas seb puas muaj kev hloov pauv caj ces uas peb tau tham txog ua ntej, 1p/19q co-deletion thiab IDH mutation . Yog tias ob qho tib si muaj, nws yeej yog oligodendroglioma.

Cov kev kho mob yog dab tsi? Puas kho tau tag nrho?

Qhov xov xwm zoo yog tias, piv rau lwm hom qog hauv hlwb, oligodendroglioma yog ib qho ntawm cov qog uas kho tau thiab kho tau zoo tshaj plaws. Feem ntau nws kho nrog ntau yam kev kho mob ua ke.

Kev phais mob

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab thawj zaug yog phais tshem tawm ntau npaum li ntau tau ntawm cov qog. Qee zaum cov qog tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm tag nrho. Qhov no nyob ntawm ntau yam, suav nrog qhov loj ntawm cov qog, nws qhov chaw, thiab kev paub ntawm koj tus kws kho mob.

Kev kho mob qog noj ntshav

Kev kho mob qog nqaij hlav yog muab los tua cov qe ntshav uas yuav tseem tshuav tom qab phais. Muaj ntau yam tshuaj zoo rau oligodendroglioma.

• Kev kho mob PCV: Qhov no yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm peb yam tshuaj: procarbazine, lomustine, thiab vincristine.
• Temozolomide: Cov tshuaj no qee zaum siv hloov PCV vim nws muaj tsawg qhov kev phiv thiab zoo ib yam li PCV.

Kev Kho Mob Hluav Taws Xob

Qhov no suav nrog kev tsom mus rau cov duab hluav taws xob muaj zog heev (zoo ib yam li X-rays) rau qhov chaw mob qog noj ntshav, rhuav tshem cov hlwb qog noj ntshav uas tseem tshuav thaum txo qhov kev puas tsuaj rau cov nqaij noj qab haus huv ib puag ncig.

Koj tus kws kho mob thiab pab neeg kho mob yuav txiav txim siab ua ke seb kev kho mob twg yog qhov zoo rau koj, nws yuav kav ntev npaum li cas, thiab seb koj puas xav tau kev kho mob chemotherapy lossis kev kho mob hluav taws xob tom qab phais.

Lub neej yuav zoo li cas yog tias muaj tus kab mob no? (Kev kwv yees)

Nws yog ib qho yooj yim to taub rau txhua tus neeg ntshai thiab xav tsis thoob thaum lawv hnov ​​​​​​txog mob qog hauv hlwb. Tab sis oligodendroglioma tsis yog ib qho mob uas yuav tsum poob siab.

Tus nqi ciaj sia nyob tsib xyoos - feem pua ​​ntawm cov neeg uas muaj sia nyob 5 xyoos tom qab kuaj pom tias muaj mob - yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 69% thiab 90% rau cov qog nqaij hlav qib qis. Txawm tias rau cov qog nqaij hlav qib siab, nws yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 45% thiab 76%. Cov no tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv xwb, koj qhov xwm txheej yuav zoo dua.

Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb tam sim no tab tom ua rau cov tshuaj tshiab uas tsom mus rau cov qog no nrog rau qhov kev hloov pauv IDH, yog li peb tuaj yeem muaj kev cia siab zoo rau yav tom ntej.

Tej yam koj ua tau thiab cov lus nug uas yuav nug koj tus kws kho mob

Yog tias koj muaj tus kab mob no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum ua raws li cov lus qhia uas koj pab neeg kho mob muab. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum mus kho mob raws sijhawm thiab noj koj cov tshuaj kom raug. Kev kho mob tuaj yeem muaj cov kev mob tshwm sim. Tsis txhob ntshai tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob txog lawv thiab kawm txog yam uas tuaj yeem ua tau txog lawv.

Tsis txhob yig nug koj tus kws kho mob cov lus nug no:

• Kuv lub qog yog theem twg (qib)?
• Qhov no nyob qhov twg hauv lub hlwb? Nws yuav cuam tshuam rau lub peev xwm twg?
• Kuv muaj cov kev kho mob twg?
• Puas phais tau kom tshem tau qhov qog no tag?
• Cov kev mob tshwm sim lossis teeb meem ntawm kev kho mob yog dab tsi?
• Kuv puas xav tau kev kho mob chemotherapy, kev kho mob hluav taws xob, lossis ob qho tib si?
• Lub sijhawm kho mob zoo li cas?
• Kuv yuav tsum nrhiav kev kho mob rau cov tsos mob twg thaum lub sijhawm kho mob lossis tom qab kho mob? (piv txwv li, mob taub hau hnyav, qaug dab peg rov qab los).