Tej zaum koj tau kub taub hau, mob pob ntseg, lossis mob caj pas thiab mus ntsib kws kho mob thiab tau txais tshuaj 'penicillin'. Tej zaum koj tus menyuam kuj tau txais cov tshuaj no thiab. Yog li, 'penicillin' uas ntau tus neeg hauv peb lub tebchaws siv yog dab tsi? Nws ua li cas rau peb lub cev tiag tiag? Cia peb tham txog nws txhua yam hauv cov lus yooj yim hnub no.
Tshuaj Penicillin yog hom tshuaj dab tsi?
Hais yooj yim xwb, penicillin yog ib hom tshuaj hu ua tshuaj tua kab mob . Tshuaj tua kab mob yog ib hom tshuaj uas tawm tsam thiab rhuav tshem cov kab mob bacterial uas tau nkag mus rau hauv peb lub cev. Xav txog cov kab mob bacterial ua ib pab tub rog yeeb ncuab uas tau nkag mus rau hauv peb lub cev. Penicillin zoo li peb pab tub rog uas tawm tsam pab tub rog yeeb ncuab ntawd.
Muaj lwm hom tshuaj uas koom nrog pawg no hu ua penicillin. Tag nrho cov no feem ntau hu ua 'penicillins'. Cov no yog ib pawg me ntawm tsev neeg loj ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob hu ua 'beta-lactams'.
Peb tau txais cov tshuaj no los ntawm ntau txoj kev.
- Hom haus: Cov tshuaj ntsiav lossis cov kua txiv hmab uas peb feem ntau siv hauv tsev.
- Hom tshuaj txhaj rau hauv cov hlab ntsha (IV): Cov tshuaj uas tus kws kho mob lossis tus nais maum muab ncaj qha rau hauv cov hlab ntsha hauv tsev kho mob lossis chaw kho mob.
Cov tshuaj penicillin siv rau cov kab mob twg?
Cov kws kho mob sau ntawv rau penicillin rau ntau yam kab mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob bacteria. Tej zaum koj twb tau hnov txog tus kab mob no ua ntej lawm. Cia peb saib seb nws yog dab tsi.
| Kev kis kab mob | Piav qhia yooj yim |
|---|---|
| Kab mob caj pas (Strep throat) | Ib qho kab mob bacterial uas ua rau mob caj pas thiab nyuaj rau nqos. |
| Kab mob pob ntseg (Otitis media) | Kab mob pob ntseg thiab mob pob ntseg yog ib qho uas pom ntau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov menyuam yaus. |
| Kab mob ntawm txoj hlab zis (UTIs) | Ib qho kev kis kab mob uas ua rau muaj cov tsos mob xws li o ntawm txoj hlab zis thiab tso zis ntau zaus. |
| Mob ntsws o | Ib qho kev kis kab mob uas cuam tshuam rau lub ntsws, ua rau hnoos thiab ua pa nyuaj. |
| Kab mob ua pob thiab kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij (Staph infections) | Tej yam zoo li cov kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cov qhov txhab uas lwj. |
| Lwm yam kab mob loj heev | Nws kuj tseem siv rau cov mob xws li mob meningitis, Salmonella, syphilis, gonorrhea, thiab kab mob hniav. |
Puas muaj hom tshuaj penicillin?
Yog, muaj ntau hom tshuaj penicillin tseem ceeb. Kev faib no yog ua raws li lawv ua li cas thiab hom kab mob uas lawv tua tau.
1. Cov tshuaj Penicillins ntuj
Cov no tsis yog tib neeg ua. Lawv thawj zaug pom muaj nyob rau hauv ib hom pwm uas pom muaj nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig. Cov kws tshawb fawb tsuas yog cais cov penicillin los ntawm cov pwm ntawd thiab ua tshuaj. Penicillin G (muab rau hauv cov hlab ntsha) thiab Penicillin V (noj los ntawm qhov ncauj) yog cov piv txwv ntawm hom no.
2. Cov tshuaj Penicillins semi-synthetic
Cov no yog ua los ntawm kev noj cov tshuaj penicillin ntuj thiab hloov kho nws hauv chav kuaj mob kom nws muaj zog dua thiab ua tau zoo dua tiv thaiv ntau hom kab mob. Kuj tseem muaj lwm hom kab mob me me:
- Aminopenicillins: Cov no yog cov uas peb paub zoo tshaj plaws. Tej zaum koj yuav tau hnov txog Amoxicillin thiab Ampicillin . Cov kws kho mob tau sau cov no rau ntau yam kab mob, xws li kab mob pob ntseg thiab kab mob ntawm txoj hlab zis.
- Cov tshuaj penicillin uas tiv taus penicillinase: Qee cov kab mob tsim ib qho enzyme (penicillinase) uas rhuav tshem penicillin. Hom no yog tsim los tiv thaiv cov enzyme ntawd kom tsis txhob rhuav tshem nws. Cov tshuaj xws li 'Nafcillin' thiab 'oxacillin' yog cov tshuaj hauv pawg no.
- Cov tshuaj penicillins uas siv ntev: Cov no yog siv los kho cov kab mob loj heev uas nyuaj kho. 'Piperacillin' yog ib yam tshuaj zoo li no.
3. Cov tshuaj Penicillin sib xyaw ua ke
Qee zaum penicillin raug muab ua ke nrog lwm yam tshuaj. Qhov no yog vim qee cov kab mob tsim cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv tiv thaiv penicillin. Lwm cov tshuaj raug ntxiv rau kom rhuav tshem cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv ntawd. Tej zaum koj tau txais tshuaj hu ua Augmentin® (ua ke ntawm amoxicillin thiab clavulanic acid). Nws yog ib qho tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke.
Cov tshuaj no ua haujlwm li cas hauv lub cev?
Nws yooj yim heev. Cov tshuaj penicillin mus ncaj qha rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov kab mob thiab txuas nws tus kheej rau nws. Xav txog cov kab mob zoo li lub tsev uas muaj phab ntsa puag ncig. Qhov uas penicillin ua yog ua rau phab ntsa ntawd puas tsuaj. Ib yam li txhua yam tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv tsev thaum phab ntsa tawg, thaum phab ntsa ntawm lub hlwb puas tsuaj, cov kab mob tsis tuaj yeem muaj sia nyob thiab raug rhuav tshem.
Tiam sis muaj ib qho teeb meem me me ntawm no. Dhau sij hawm, qee cov kab mob tau kawm kom tiv taus qhov kev tawm tsam penicillin no. Uas yog, lawv tau pom txoj hauv kev kom dim ntawm nws thaum cov tshuaj tuaj. Peb hu qhov no ua kev tiv thaiv tshuaj tua kab mob . Qhov no yog teeb meem loj rau kev noj qab haus huv. Qee hom kab mob, xws li 'MRSA', tiv taus ntau hom penicillin, ua rau cov kab mob ntawd nyuaj kho heev.
Cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm penicillin yog dab tsi?
Ib yam li lwm yam tshuaj, penicillin tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phiv me me. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua tus neeg tau txais lawv. Cov feem ntau yog:
- Xeev siab
- Ntuav
- Mob raws plab
- Mob pob khaus ntawm daim tawv nqaij
- Kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov saj lossis ntxhiab ntawm cov khoom noj
- Mob taub hau
Cov kev mob tshwm sim no feem ntau tsis loj heev. Kev noj tshuaj nrog zaub mov tuaj yeem pab txo cov teeb meem xws li xeev siab. Tab sis yog tias cov kev mob tshwm sim ua rau koj ntxhov siab, nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham .
Muaj tej yam txaus ntshai dab tsi uas yuav tsum tau ceev faj tshwj xeeb?
Muaj peb yam uas peb yuav tsum tau them sai sai thaum siv penicillin.
1. Kev Ua Xua
Qhov no yog qhov kev pheej hmoo loj tshaj plaws. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau tus neeg hais tias lawv ua xua rau penicillin, muaj tsawg tus neeg uas muaj kev ua xua zoo li no. Tab sis yog tias koj muaj kev ua xua, nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij. Yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob xws li ntuav, ua pa nyuaj, pob khaus uas kis thoob plaws koj lub cev, thiab lub ntsej muag o , nws tuaj yeem yog ib qho cim ntawm kev ua xua hnyav. Yog tias zoo li no, mus rau chav kho mob ceev hauv tsev kho mob ze tshaj plaws (ETU) tam sim ntawd.
2. Kev kis kab mob C. diff
Qhov no yuav zoo li txawv me ntsis. Thaum peb noj tshuaj tua kab mob, cov kab mob zoo hauv peb txoj hnyuv kuj tuaj yeem tuag. Qhov no tso cai rau cov kab mob phem hu ua Clostridium difficile (C. diff) loj hlob tawm ntawm kev tswj hwm. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau raws plab hnyav, mob plab hnyav, thiab kub taub hau . Qhov no kuj yog ib qho mob hnyav. Yog tias koj raws plab hnyav thaum noj tshuaj tua kab mob, mus ntsib kws kho mob tam sim ntawd.
3. Kev Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob
Zoo li kuv tau hais ua ntej lawm, qhov no yog ib qho teeb meem loj heev. Yog tias peb noj tshuaj tua kab mob thaum tsis xav tau (piv txwv li, rau tus kab mob kub taub hau), lossis yog tias peb tsum tsis noj tshuaj ua ntej tus kws kho mob tau sau ntawv kom noj, cov kab mob muaj lub sijhawm los tiv thaiv cov tshuaj.
Tseem ceeb heev: Txawm tias koj xav tias zoo dua los xij, noj tshuaj raws li koj tus kws kho mob tau hais kom ua rau tag nrho cov hnub. Yog tias koj tsis ua li ntawd, cov kab mob uas tseem tshuav hauv koj lub cev tuaj yeem ua rau muaj zog dua thiab ua rau tus kab mob rov qab los. Cov tshuaj yuav tsis ua haujlwm rau lub sijhawm tom ntej.
Lub sijhawm twg zoo tshaj plaws mus ntsib kws kho mob?
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum qhia lossis mus ntsib koj tus kws kho mob hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no.
| Lub cib fim | Yuav ua li cas |
|---|---|
| Yog koj muaj lus nug txog yuav noj tshuaj li cas | Nug koj tus kws kho mob kom paub tseeb. |
| Yog tias kev noj tshuaj nyuaj vim muaj cov kev mob tshwm sim | Ua ntej koj yuav tsum tsis txhob noj tshuaj no, nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham. Nws yuav muab lwm txoj kev xaiv rau koj. |
| Yog koj raws plab hnyav heev | Yog koj raws plab ua dej ntau zaus hauv ib hnub lossis muaj cov cim qhia tias koj lub cev qhuav dej (daim di ncauj qhuav, qhov muag poob), mus rau tsev kho mob tam sim ntawd. |
| Yog tias muaj cov tsos mob ntawm kev ua xua tshwm sim | Yog tias koj muaj cov tsos mob hnyav xws li ua pa nyuaj, ntuav, lossis o ntsej muag , mus rau chav kho mob ceev (ETU) ntawm tsev kho mob tam sim ntawd. |
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- Penicillin yog ib hom tshuaj tua kab mob tseem ceeb heev uas muab rau cov kab mob bacterial. Nws tsis ua haujlwm rau cov kab mob viral (xws li mob khaub thuas).
- Siv cov tshuaj raws li koj tus kws kho mob tau sau tseg rau tag nrho cov kev kho mob. Tsis txhob tsum noj cov tshuaj txawm tias koj xav tias zoo dua lawm los xij.
- Yog koj muaj teeb meem dab tsi xws li xeev siab, thaum noj tshuaj, noj nrog zaub mov. Yog tias qhov teeb meem tseem muaj, qhia rau koj tus kws kho mob.
- Yog koj muaj cov tsos mob ua xua hnyav xws li ua pa nyuaj, o ntsej muag, lossis ua pob khaus, mus rau tsev kho mob tam sim ntawd.
- Tsis txhob siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas seem los ntawm ib qho mob yav dhau los rau lwm yam mob yam tsis tau tus kws kho mob qhia.
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