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Koj tus me nyuam puas muaj teeb meem tso zis? Cia peb kawm txog Posterior Urethral Valves (PUV)

Koj tus me nyuam puas muaj teeb meem tso zis? Cia peb kawm txog Posterior Urethral Valves (PUV)

Koj puas tau muaj ib zaug xav tias koj tus tub me me muaj teeb meem tso zis ? Los yog nws puas xav tias nws cov zis nqaim heev thiab ntws dej? Txawm hais tias qee tus niam txiv yuav tsis quav ntsej txog cov no, qhov no yuav yog ib qho cim qhia txog teeb meem uas tshwm sim los ntawm nws tus kheej uas tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau cov tub hluas xwb. Niaj hnub no peb tab tom tham txog ib qho mob zoo li no, Posterior Urethral Valves (PUV).

Cov Qhov Ncauj Qhov Ncauj Tom Qab (Posterior Urethral Valves - PUV) yog dab tsi tiag?

Hais yooj yim xwb, qhov Posterior Urethral Valves (PUV) yog qhov teeb meem yug los uas tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau cov tub hluas xwb. Qhov tshwm sim hauv qhov no yog tias muaj ib feem ntxiv zoo li daim nyias nyias tsim tawm hauv lub raj uas nqa cov zis (peb hu qhov no ua urethra). Xav txog nws zoo li ib yam dab tsi daig hauv cov yeeb nkab dej. Ua li ntawd, daim nyias nyias tsis tuaj yeem ntws zoo vim yog cov zis.

Vim li cas ho tshwm sim? Tus menyuam lub zais zis tsis tas kom zoo. Yog li cov zis no ntws rov qab thiab pib ua rau lub zais zis thiab lub raum puas tsuaj . Qhov mob no tshwm sim thaum tus menyuam tseem nyob hauv plab. Yog li ntawd, qee zaum nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm kev luam theej duab ua ntej tus menyuam yug los, lossis tom qab yug los, lossis thaum yau. Lwm lub npe rau qhov no yog `(Congenital Obstructive Posterior Urethral Membrane - COPUM)`.

Qhov no puas yog ib qho xwm txheej uas tshwm sim ntau heev?

Tsis yog, qhov no tsis yog ib yam kab mob uas cuam tshuam rau txhua tus. Tab sis tus mob no, hu ua PUV, yog qhov ua rau muaj kev txhaws ntawm txoj hlab zis rau cov tub hluas.

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob no yog dab tsi?

Cov tsos mob no yuav txawv ntawm ib tug me nyuam mus rau ib tug me nyuam. Qee zaum, cov kws kho mob yuav pom cov tsos mob no hauv daim duab ntawm leej niam ua ntej tus me nyuam yug los. Lwm lub sij hawm, cov tsos mob no yuav tshwm sim tom qab tus me nyuam yug los.

Yam ntxwv Ib qho lus piav qhia yooj yim
Cov zis tsis muaj zog los yog dribbly Thaum tus me nyuam tso zis , cov zis tsis tawm los nrawm, tab sis tawm me me xwb, zoo li ntws los ua kua.
Cov kab mob ntawm txoj hlab zis (UTIs) ntau zausVim tias cov zis tsis raug tso tawm kom raug, cov kab mob tuaj yeem loj hlob thiab ua rau muaj kev kis kab mob tau yooj yim.
Kev poob phaus ntawm tus menyuam mos Qhov hnyav nce qeeb vim tias tus me nyuam tsis tau txais cov khoom noj khoom haus zoo rau kev loj hlob.
Mob thaum tso zis (dysuria) Yog tias koj tus menyuam quaj los yog tsis xis nyob thaum tso zis , nws yuav yog vim mob.
Nyuaj siab tso zis Yog tias tus me nyuam yuav tsum tau siv zog tso zis, qhov ntawd kuj yog ib qho cim qhia.
Cov kua dej amniotic tsawg (oligohydramnios) Qhov no pom tau thaum lub sijhawm luam theej duab thaum tus menyuam tseem nyob hauv plab.
Kev o ntawm lub raum (hydronephrosis) Cov kws kho mob kuj tseem tuaj yeem kuaj pom qhov no los ntawm kev ntsuas thaum cev xeeb tub.

Vim li cas qhov no thiaj tshwm sim?

Qhov ua rau qhov no tseem tsis tau paub meej, tab sis peb paub tias nws tshwm sim vim tias daim nyias nyias no tsim nyob rau hauv lub qhov zis thaum lub sijhawm ntxov ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog nco ntsoov tias qhov no tsis yog ib yam dab tsi uas koj ua tsis yog . Qhov no tsuas yog ib feem ntawm tus menyuam txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev xwb.

Qhov no ua rau muaj teeb meem dab tsi?

Yog tias qhov mob no tsis kho raws sijhawm, nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv loj, vim tias lub raum raug puas tsuaj tas li vim yog cov zis ntws rov qab.

Kev nyuaj siabQhov ntawd txhais li cas?
Cov zis ntws rov qab mus rau hauv lub raum (vesicoureteral reflux/VUR) Cov zis uas puv lub zais zis rov qab mus rau saum, uas yog, mus rau lub raum. Qhov no ua rau lub raum puas tsuaj.
Tsis muaj peev xwm tso zis tag nrho (urinary retention) Yeej ib txwm muaj cov zis tshuav nyob hauv lub zais zis. Qhov no yog ib qho ua rau muaj kev kis kab mob loj.
Lub raum o Cov raum pib o vim yog lub zog ntawm cov zis.
Kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub raum Qhov no yog qhov mob hnyav tshaj plaws uas yuav tshwm sim tau. Yog tias mus ntev, lub raum yuav puas thiab tsis ua haujlwm lawm.

Cov kws kho mob nrhiav tau qhov no li cas?

Tus kws kho mob yuav kuaj tus menyuam thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, yuav pom zoo kom kuaj ntau zaus.

Kev Ntsuas Koj ua li cas rau qhov no?
Kev kuaj mob ultrasound ntawm lub raum Qhov no yuav saib seb tus menyuam lub raum, lub zais zis, thiab txoj hlab zis zoo li cas, thiab xyuas seb puas muaj dab tsi thaiv.
Kev kuaj mob cystourethrogram (VCUG) Qhov no yog kev kuaj mob X-ray tshwj xeeb uas tuaj yeem qhia meej tias lub zais zis puv thiab nchuav li cas, thiab qhov twg muaj kev thaiv hauv txoj hlab zis.
Kev kuaj mob cystoscopy Ib qho kev kuaj uas ib lub raj nrog lub koob yees duab me me raug xa mus rau hauv qhov zis thiab qhov txhaws sab hauv raug saib ncaj qha.
Kev ntsuam xyuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub raum Kev kuaj ntshav thiab zis ntsuas seb tus menyuam lub raum ua haujlwm zoo npaum li cas.

Cov kev kho mob rau qhov no yog dab tsi?

Txoj kev kho mob tseem ceeb rau qhov no yog phais kom tshem tawm daim nyias nyias uas thaiv. Feem ntau ua qhov no siv txoj kev hu ua "fulguration." Qhov no txhais tau tias siv cua sov los ntawm hluav taws xob los rhuav tshem cov nqaij ntxiv.

Ntxiv mus, tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoo kom siv lwm yam kev kho mob nyob ntawm tus menyuam tus mob.

  • Kev tso zis catheter: Ib lub raj ib ntus (catheter) yuav raug ntxig rau hauv kom ntws cov zis tawm ntawm lub zais zis.
  • Tshuaj tua kab mob: Yog tias koj muaj kab mob hauv txoj hlab zis, koj yuav tau txais tshuaj tua kab mob los kho nws.
  • Yog tias lub raum tsis ua haujlwm: Yog tias qhov mob hnyav zuj zus thiab lub raum tsis ua haujlwm, kev ntxuav ntshav lossis txawm tias hloov lub raum yuav tsum tau ua.
  • Lwm cov tshuaj: Cov tshuaj Antispasmodics kuj tseem yuav muab tau kom yooj yim tso zis.

Tsawg tsawg zaus, kev phais mob tuaj yeem ua tau thaum tus menyuam tseem nyob hauv plab.

Tom qab kho mob tas, yuav muaj li cas?

Ib tug me nyuam uas muaj tus kab mob PUV yuav tsum tau kev saib xyuas kho mob mus tas li, txawm tias tom qab kho tas lawm los xij. Yuav tsum tau kuaj ntshav, luam theej duab, thiab saib xyuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub raum tsis tu ncua.

Tej zaum ib txhia menyuam yuav muaj teeb meem tso zis tsis tau thaum lawv tseem yog menyuam yaus lossis thaum lawv laus lawm. Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau tias kwv yees li 15% ntawm cov menyuam uas muaj tus mob no muaj feem yuav mob raum tsis ua haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tsis zoo yog tias 85 ntawm 100 tus menyuam tsis muaj tus mob hnyav no . Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum paub txog nws thaum ntxov, kho nws kom zoo, thiab sib txuas lus nrog koj tus kws kho mob.

Kuv yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob thaum twg?

Yog koj xav tias koj tus menyuam muaj cov tsos mob uas peb tau tham txog, thov tsis txhob ncua sijhawm.Coj koj tus menyuam mus ntsib kws kho mob sai li sai tau. Yog tias tsis kho, qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv loj heev.

Koj yuav tsum nug tus kws kho mob li cas?

Thaum koj mus ntsib kws kho mob, nws yuav pab tau yog koj nug cov lus nug no.

  • Cov kev xaiv kho mob rau qhov no yog dab tsi?
  • Kev kho mob no ua li cas tiag?
  • Koj yuav tsum tau tos dab tsi thaum lub sijhawm rov zoo tom qab kev kho mob?
  • Kuv yuav tsum saib xyuas tus menyuam li cas thaum lub sijhawm ntawd?
  • Peb yuav tsum rov qab mus ntsib kws kho mob thaum twg?

Nws yog ib qho ib txwm muaj kev ntshai thaum koj pom tias koj tus menyuam muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv zoo li no. Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kom nkag siab tias qhov no tsis yog koj qhov txhaum. Koj tus kws kho mob thiab pab neeg saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv yuav pab koj txhua kauj ruam ntawm txoj kev. Yog li ntawd tsis txhob ntshai. Ua raws li koj tus kws kho mob cov lus qhia kom meej, thiab nug txhua yam lus nug uas koj muaj.

Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev

  • Cov qhov dej tso zis tom qab (PUV) yog qhov teeb meem yug los uas tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau cov tub hluas thiab thaiv cov zis ntws.
  • Tej zaum cov tsos mob tseem ceeb yog txoj hlab zis tsis muaj zog, muaj kab mob hauv txoj hlab zis ntau zaus, thiab tus menyuam poob phaus.
  • Tus mob no tuaj yeem kuaj pom los ntawm kev luam theej ua ntej tus menyuam yug los.
  • Txoj kev kho mob tseem ceeb yog phais tshem tawm qhov txhaws hauv txoj hlab zis.
  • Txawm tias tom qab kho mob lawm los, kev saib xyuas mob tas mus li tseem ceeb heev rau kev tiv thaiv kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus menyuam lub raum.
  • Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias qhov no tsis yog niam txiv lub txim.

Cov Qhov Ncauj Urethral Tom Qab, PUV, cov tub hluas, zis, teeb meem tso zis , raum, cov teeb meem yug los tsis zoo, kab mob hauv txoj hlab zis
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

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Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.

Ntxiv koj cov lus

Thov xam: 2 + 1 =
Koj tus me nyuam puas muaj teeb meem tso zis? Cia peb kawm txog Posterior Urethral Valves (PUV)

Koj tus me nyuam puas muaj teeb meem tso zis? Cia peb kawm txog Posterior Urethral Valves (PUV)

Koj puas tau muaj ib zaug xav tias koj tus tub me me muaj teeb meem tso zis ? Los yog nws puas xav tias nws cov zis nqaim heev thiab ntws dej? Txawm hais tias qee tus niam txiv yuav tsis quav ntsej txog cov no, qhov no yuav yog ib qho cim qhia txog teeb meem uas tshwm sim los ntawm nws tus kheej uas tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau cov tub hluas xwb. Niaj hnub no peb tab tom tham txog ib qho mob zoo li no, Posterior Urethral Valves (PUV).

Cov Qhov Ncauj Qhov Ncauj Tom Qab (Posterior Urethral Valves - PUV) yog dab tsi tiag?

Hais yooj yim xwb, qhov Posterior Urethral Valves (PUV) yog qhov teeb meem yug los uas tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau cov tub hluas xwb. Qhov tshwm sim hauv qhov no yog tias muaj ib feem ntxiv zoo li daim nyias nyias tsim tawm hauv lub raj uas nqa cov zis (peb hu qhov no ua urethra). Xav txog nws zoo li ib yam dab tsi daig hauv cov yeeb nkab dej. Ua li ntawd, daim nyias nyias tsis tuaj yeem ntws zoo vim yog cov zis.

Vim li cas ho tshwm sim? Tus menyuam lub zais zis tsis tas kom zoo. Yog li cov zis no ntws rov qab thiab pib ua rau lub zais zis thiab lub raum puas tsuaj . Qhov mob no tshwm sim thaum tus menyuam tseem nyob hauv plab. Yog li ntawd, qee zaum nws tuaj yeem pom los ntawm kev luam theej duab ua ntej tus menyuam yug los, lossis tom qab yug los, lossis thaum yau. Lwm lub npe rau qhov no yog `(Congenital Obstructive Posterior Urethral Membrane - COPUM)`.

Qhov no puas yog ib qho xwm txheej uas tshwm sim ntau heev?

Tsis yog, qhov no tsis yog ib yam kab mob uas cuam tshuam rau txhua tus. Tab sis tus mob no, hu ua PUV, yog qhov ua rau muaj kev txhaws ntawm txoj hlab zis rau cov tub hluas.

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob no yog dab tsi?

Cov tsos mob no yuav txawv ntawm ib tug me nyuam mus rau ib tug me nyuam. Qee zaum, cov kws kho mob yuav pom cov tsos mob no hauv daim duab ntawm leej niam ua ntej tus me nyuam yug los. Lwm lub sij hawm, cov tsos mob no yuav tshwm sim tom qab tus me nyuam yug los.

Yam ntxwv Ib qho lus piav qhia yooj yim
Cov zis tsis muaj zog los yog dribbly Thaum tus me nyuam tso zis , cov zis tsis tawm los nrawm, tab sis tawm me me xwb, zoo li ntws los ua kua.
Cov kab mob ntawm txoj hlab zis (UTIs) ntau zausVim tias cov zis tsis raug tso tawm kom raug, cov kab mob tuaj yeem loj hlob thiab ua rau muaj kev kis kab mob tau yooj yim.
Kev poob phaus ntawm tus menyuam mos Qhov hnyav nce qeeb vim tias tus me nyuam tsis tau txais cov khoom noj khoom haus zoo rau kev loj hlob.
Mob thaum tso zis (dysuria) Yog tias koj tus menyuam quaj los yog tsis xis nyob thaum tso zis , nws yuav yog vim mob.
Nyuaj siab tso zis Yog tias tus me nyuam yuav tsum tau siv zog tso zis, qhov ntawd kuj yog ib qho cim qhia.
Cov kua dej amniotic tsawg (oligohydramnios) Qhov no pom tau thaum lub sijhawm luam theej duab thaum tus menyuam tseem nyob hauv plab.
Kev o ntawm lub raum (hydronephrosis) Cov kws kho mob kuj tseem tuaj yeem kuaj pom qhov no los ntawm kev ntsuas thaum cev xeeb tub.

Vim li cas qhov no thiaj tshwm sim?

Qhov ua rau qhov no tseem tsis tau paub meej, tab sis peb paub tias nws tshwm sim vim tias daim nyias nyias no tsim nyob rau hauv lub qhov zis thaum lub sijhawm ntxov ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog nco ntsoov tias qhov no tsis yog ib yam dab tsi uas koj ua tsis yog . Qhov no tsuas yog ib feem ntawm tus menyuam txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev xwb.

Qhov no ua rau muaj teeb meem dab tsi?

Yog tias qhov mob no tsis kho raws sijhawm, nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv loj, vim tias lub raum raug puas tsuaj tas li vim yog cov zis ntws rov qab.

Kev nyuaj siabQhov ntawd txhais li cas?
Cov zis ntws rov qab mus rau hauv lub raum (vesicoureteral reflux/VUR) Cov zis uas puv lub zais zis rov qab mus rau saum, uas yog, mus rau lub raum. Qhov no ua rau lub raum puas tsuaj.
Tsis muaj peev xwm tso zis tag nrho (urinary retention) Yeej ib txwm muaj cov zis tshuav nyob hauv lub zais zis. Qhov no yog ib qho ua rau muaj kev kis kab mob loj.
Lub raum o Cov raum pib o vim yog lub zog ntawm cov zis.
Kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub raum Qhov no yog qhov mob hnyav tshaj plaws uas yuav tshwm sim tau. Yog tias mus ntev, lub raum yuav puas thiab tsis ua haujlwm lawm.

Cov kws kho mob nrhiav tau qhov no li cas?

Tus kws kho mob yuav kuaj tus menyuam thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, yuav pom zoo kom kuaj ntau zaus.

Kev Ntsuas Koj ua li cas rau qhov no?
Kev kuaj mob ultrasound ntawm lub raum Qhov no yuav saib seb tus menyuam lub raum, lub zais zis, thiab txoj hlab zis zoo li cas, thiab xyuas seb puas muaj dab tsi thaiv.
Kev kuaj mob cystourethrogram (VCUG) Qhov no yog kev kuaj mob X-ray tshwj xeeb uas tuaj yeem qhia meej tias lub zais zis puv thiab nchuav li cas, thiab qhov twg muaj kev thaiv hauv txoj hlab zis.
Kev kuaj mob cystoscopy Ib qho kev kuaj uas ib lub raj nrog lub koob yees duab me me raug xa mus rau hauv qhov zis thiab qhov txhaws sab hauv raug saib ncaj qha.
Kev ntsuam xyuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub raum Kev kuaj ntshav thiab zis ntsuas seb tus menyuam lub raum ua haujlwm zoo npaum li cas.

Cov kev kho mob rau qhov no yog dab tsi?

Txoj kev kho mob tseem ceeb rau qhov no yog phais kom tshem tawm daim nyias nyias uas thaiv. Feem ntau ua qhov no siv txoj kev hu ua "fulguration." Qhov no txhais tau tias siv cua sov los ntawm hluav taws xob los rhuav tshem cov nqaij ntxiv.

Ntxiv mus, tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoo kom siv lwm yam kev kho mob nyob ntawm tus menyuam tus mob.

  • Kev tso zis catheter: Ib lub raj ib ntus (catheter) yuav raug ntxig rau hauv kom ntws cov zis tawm ntawm lub zais zis.
  • Tshuaj tua kab mob: Yog tias koj muaj kab mob hauv txoj hlab zis, koj yuav tau txais tshuaj tua kab mob los kho nws.
  • Yog tias lub raum tsis ua haujlwm: Yog tias qhov mob hnyav zuj zus thiab lub raum tsis ua haujlwm, kev ntxuav ntshav lossis txawm tias hloov lub raum yuav tsum tau ua.
  • Lwm cov tshuaj: Cov tshuaj Antispasmodics kuj tseem yuav muab tau kom yooj yim tso zis.

Tsawg tsawg zaus, kev phais mob tuaj yeem ua tau thaum tus menyuam tseem nyob hauv plab.

Tom qab kho mob tas, yuav muaj li cas?

Ib tug me nyuam uas muaj tus kab mob PUV yuav tsum tau kev saib xyuas kho mob mus tas li, txawm tias tom qab kho tas lawm los xij. Yuav tsum tau kuaj ntshav, luam theej duab, thiab saib xyuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub raum tsis tu ncua.

Tej zaum ib txhia menyuam yuav muaj teeb meem tso zis tsis tau thaum lawv tseem yog menyuam yaus lossis thaum lawv laus lawm. Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau tias kwv yees li 15% ntawm cov menyuam uas muaj tus mob no muaj feem yuav mob raum tsis ua haujlwm. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tsis zoo yog tias 85 ntawm 100 tus menyuam tsis muaj tus mob hnyav no . Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum paub txog nws thaum ntxov, kho nws kom zoo, thiab sib txuas lus nrog koj tus kws kho mob.

Kuv yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob thaum twg?

Yog koj xav tias koj tus menyuam muaj cov tsos mob uas peb tau tham txog, thov tsis txhob ncua sijhawm.Coj koj tus menyuam mus ntsib kws kho mob sai li sai tau. Yog tias tsis kho, qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv loj heev.

Koj yuav tsum nug tus kws kho mob li cas?

Thaum koj mus ntsib kws kho mob, nws yuav pab tau yog koj nug cov lus nug no.

  • Cov kev xaiv kho mob rau qhov no yog dab tsi?
  • Kev kho mob no ua li cas tiag?
  • Koj yuav tsum tau tos dab tsi thaum lub sijhawm rov zoo tom qab kev kho mob?
  • Kuv yuav tsum saib xyuas tus menyuam li cas thaum lub sijhawm ntawd?
  • Peb yuav tsum rov qab mus ntsib kws kho mob thaum twg?

Nws yog ib qho ib txwm muaj kev ntshai thaum koj pom tias koj tus menyuam muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv zoo li no. Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kom nkag siab tias qhov no tsis yog koj qhov txhaum. Koj tus kws kho mob thiab pab neeg saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv yuav pab koj txhua kauj ruam ntawm txoj kev. Yog li ntawd tsis txhob ntshai. Ua raws li koj tus kws kho mob cov lus qhia kom meej, thiab nug txhua yam lus nug uas koj muaj.

Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev

  • Cov qhov dej tso zis tom qab (PUV) yog qhov teeb meem yug los uas tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau cov tub hluas thiab thaiv cov zis ntws.
  • Tej zaum cov tsos mob tseem ceeb yog txoj hlab zis tsis muaj zog, muaj kab mob hauv txoj hlab zis ntau zaus, thiab tus menyuam poob phaus.
  • Tus mob no tuaj yeem kuaj pom los ntawm kev luam theej ua ntej tus menyuam yug los.
  • Txoj kev kho mob tseem ceeb yog phais tshem tawm qhov txhaws hauv txoj hlab zis.
  • Txawm tias tom qab kho mob lawm los, kev saib xyuas mob tas mus li tseem ceeb heev rau kev tiv thaiv kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus menyuam lub raum.
  • Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias qhov no tsis yog niam txiv lub txim.

Cov Qhov Ncauj Urethral Tom Qab, PUV, cov tub hluas, zis, teeb meem tso zis , raum, cov teeb meem yug los tsis zoo, kab mob hauv txoj hlab zis
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

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Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.

Ntxiv koj cov lus

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