Koj tus menyuam puas yug ntxov me ntsis? Ua ib leej niam thiab leej txiv, peb yuav tsum txhawj xeeb txog cov menyuam mos uas yug ua ntej hnub yug. Peb saib xyuas txhua yam txog lawv. Peb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yuav tsum ceev faj txog lawv qhov muag. Hnub no, peb yuav tham txog ib qho mob qhov muag uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim rau cov menyuam mos yug ntxov, tab sis tuaj yeem kho tau tag nrho yog tias kuaj pom ntxov. Qhov no yog qhov peb hu ua Retinopathy of Prematurity , lossis ROP luv.
Retinopathy ntawm Prematurity (ROP) yog dab tsi?
Hais yooj yim xwb, ROP yog ib qho mob qhov muag uas cuam tshuam rau qee tus menyuam mos uas yug ua ntej lub sijhawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua ntej 31 lub lis piam. Nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsim cov hlab ntsha tsis zoo hauv lub retina ntawm tus menyuam lub qhov muag.
Tam sim no tej zaum koj yuav xav paub tias lub retina yog dab tsi. Nws yog ib daim nyias nyias tseem ceeb heev nyob tom qab peb lub qhov muag. Nws zoo li daim zaj duab xis hauv lub koob yees duab. Lub retina hloov lub teeb los ntawm cov khoom peb pom mus rau hauv cov teeb liab hluav taws xob thiab xa mus rau lub hlwb. Lub hlwb tom qab ntawd siv cov teeb liab ntawd los tsim cov duab peb pom. Yog li koj tuaj yeem pom tias qhov no tseem ceeb npaum li cas rau kev pom kev, puas yog?
Cov hlab ntsha tsis zoo uas loj hlob hauv ROP feem ntau tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi. Tsis tas yuav kho mob tshwj xeeb, thiab cov kws kho mob tsuas yog saib xyuas lawv xwb. Kwv yees li 90% ntawm cov menyuam mos uas muaj ROP zoo dua yam tsis tas kho mob thiab rov pom kev zoo li qub.
Txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum qhov mob no tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav thiab ua rau tus menyuam tsis pom kev. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, kev kho mob raws sijhawm yog qhov tseem ceeb kom tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau lub qhov muag mus tas li thiab tsis pom kev. Yog tias tsis kho, ROP hnyav tuaj yeem ua rau tsis pom kev tag nrho, uas tuaj yeem ua rau dig muag.
Qhov no yog vim li cas cov kws kho mob thiaj li pom zoo kom kuaj xyuas cov menyuam mos uas muaj feem yuav mob sai li sai tau thaum lawv yug los. Cov kev kuaj no tuaj yeem pab txiav txim siab seb koj tus menyuam puas muaj cov cim qhia ntawm ROP thiab seb lawv puas xav tau kev kho mob. Yog tias koj tus menyuam muaj feem yuav mob ROP, koj tus kws kho mob yuav qhia koj. Nws kuj tseem yuav qhia koj thaum twg yuav tsum kuaj xyuas koj tus menyuam. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv koj tus menyuam txoj kev pom kev, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua raws li lub sijhawm kuaj xyuas uas koj tus kws kho mob muab rau koj.
Vim li cas ROP thiaj tshwm sim? Cov ua rau thiab cov yam uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo
Qhov ua rau muaj ROP yog kev cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv tus menyuam lub qhov muag.
Xav txog seb, yog peb tus menyuam pom lub ntiaj teb zoo nkauj, nws xav tau lub retina noj qab haus huv thiab muaj cov ntshav zoo. Cov hlab ntsha no loj hlob thoob plaws hauv niam lub tsev menyuam. Tab sis lawv tsis tau loj hlob tag nrho kom txog thaum ze rau kev yug menyuam. Yog li, cov hlab ntsha hauv retina ntawm cov menyuam mos uas yug ua ntej lub sijhawm tsis tau loj hlob tag nrho. Cov no txuas ntxiv loj hlob txawm tias tom qab yug los, tab sis qee zaum lawv tuaj yeem loj hlob tsis zoo, tsis raug. Thaum ntawd ROP tshwm sim.
Tsis yog txhua tus menyuam yug ntxov yuav muaj ROP, tab sis cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias muaj qee yam ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau ntxiv.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog coj koj tus menyuam mus kuaj qhov muag raws li tus kws kho mob pom zoo, txawm tias cov yam no muaj los tsis muaj los xij.
Cia peb saib daim ntawv teev lus hauv qab no kom pom cov yam tseem ceeb uas ua rau muaj ROP.
| Qhov Ua Rau Muaj Kev Pheej Hmoo | Ib qho lus piav qhia yooj yim |
|---|---|
| Yug ntxov ntxov | Qhov kev pheej hmoo no muaj ntau heev rau cov menyuam mos uas yug ua ntej 31 lub lis piam ntawm kev xeeb tub. Tus menyuam yug ntxov npaum li cas, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm ROP ntau npaum li ntawd. |
| Qhov hnyav thaum yug los tsawg | Cov menyuam mos uas hnyav tsawg dua 1500 grams (1.5 kilograms) thaum yug los muaj feem yuav muaj feem ntau dua. |
| Kev Mob Ua Pa Nyuaj Siab | Cov menyuam mos uas muaj teeb meem ua pa thaum ntxov thiab xav tau kev kho mob oxygen yuav muaj kev pheej hmoo. |
| Kev Los Ntshav Hauv Lub Taub Hau | Cov menyuam mos uas tau los ntshav hauv lub hlwb kuj muaj feem yuav mob ntxiv. |
| Lwm yam kab mob thiab tej yam mob | Cov kab mob hnyav lossis lwm yam teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv uas tshwm sim thaum ntxov hauv lub neej kuj tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm ROP. |
Yog tias koj tus menyuam muaj ib lossis ntau yam ntawm cov yam ntxwv no, koj tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoo kom kuaj qhov muag kom paub seb puas muaj cov cim qhia ntawm ROP thaum yug los.
Yuav kuaj mob ROP li cas?
Feem ntau ROP tsis muaj cov tsos mob sab nraud uas cov niam txiv pom tau thaum lawv saib lawv tus menyuam. Tsuas yog tus kws kho qhov muag thiaj li kuaj tau nws xwb.
Feem ntau, tus kws kho mob menyuam mos yuav txheeb xyuas tus menyuam uas muaj feem yuav mob ROP thaum tus menyuam tseem nyob hauv tsev kho mob tom qab yug los. Tom qab ntawd nws mam li xa tus menyuam mus rau kws kho qhov muag.
Cov txheej txheem tshuaj ntsuam no suav nrog:
1. Tshuaj qhov muag: Tus kws kho mob yuav muab ob peb tee tshuaj rau hauv tus menyuam lub qhov muag. Qhov no yuav ua rau lub qhov muag loj tuaj, ua rau koj pom kev zoo dua hauv lub qhov muag.
2. Kev kuaj xyuas sab hauv ntawm lub qhov muag: Tus kws kho qhov muag mam li siv ib lub cuab yeej tshwj xeeb los kuaj xyuas sab hauv ntawm lub qhov muag, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub retina thiab cov hlab ntsha. Qee zaum, cov duab digital ntawm sab hauv ntawm lub qhov muag kuj tuaj yeem thaij tau.
Qhov kev kuaj thawj zaug no feem ntau ua tiav ntawm 4 thiab 6 lub lis piam tom qab tus menyuam yug los. Nyob ntawm tus menyuam mob li cas, tus kws kho mob yuav hais kom koj rov ua cov kev kuaj no txhua 1 txog 3 lub lis piam . Cov kev kuaj no tsuas yog raug tso tseg thaum tus kws kho mob paub tseeb tias cov hlab ntsha hauv lub retina tau tsim tag nrho thiab tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo.
Cov Theem ntawm ROP
Yog tus kws kho mob kuaj pom tias koj tus menyuam muaj ROP, lawv yuav faib nws ua ntau theem kom paub seb nws mob hnyav npaum li cas thiab seb puas xav tau kev kho mob. Cov theem no muaj txij li 1 txog 5. Theem 5 yog theem hnyav tshaj plaws.
| Theem | Xwm txheej |
|---|---|
| Theem 1 thiab 2 | Cov no yog cov mob ROP uas tsis hnyav heev mus rau nruab nrab. Feem ntau, lawv zoo dua lawv tus kheej yam tsis tas yuav kho dab tsi. Tus kws kho mob tsuas yog saib xwb. |
| Theem 3 | Nyob rau theem no, kev kho mob yuav tsim nyog los tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau retina lossis retinal detachment. |
| Theem 4 | Mob ROP hnyav heev. Ib feem ntawm lub retina raug txiav tawm. Yuav tsum tau kho sai sai. |
| Theem 5 | Theem hnyav tshaj plaws. Lub retina tawg tag. Yuav tsum tau kho sai sai. Tab sis txawm tias kho tau los, muaj feem ntau uas yuav pom tsis meej lossis dig muag tag. |
Ntxiv rau, koj yuav hnov lwm cov lus zoo li "Plus Disease," uas yog ib qho mob hnyav uas cov hlab ntsha hauv lub retina dhau los ua qhov tsis zoo thiab ntswj.
Cov kev kho mob rau ROP yog dab tsi?
Yog tias koj tus menyuam lub qhov muag retina muaj feem yuav tawg, lossis twb tawg lawm, yuav tsum tau kho. Tus kws kho qhov muag yuav txiav txim siab lub sijhawm zoo tshaj plaws los kho raws li theem ntawm ROP thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj.
Muaj ob txoj kev kho mob tseem ceeb:
- Kev Kho Mob Siv Laser: Qhov no yog kev kho mob uas siv ntau tshaj plaws. Qhov no suav nrog kev taw qhia lub teeb laser rau ntawm ntug sab nraud ntawm lub retina, tsim cov qauv ntawm cov kub hnyiab me me. Cov kub hnyiab no tiv thaiv cov hlab ntsha tsis zoo los ntawm kev tsim. Kev kho mob siv laser yog li 90% ua tiav.
- Kev kho mob Anti-VEGF: Qhov no suav nrog kev txhaj tshuaj rau hauv lub qhov muag ntawm tus menyuam. Cov tshuaj no tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlab ntsha tsis zoo.
Tus kws kho qhov muag yuav piav qhia rau koj kom meej seb txoj kev kho mob twg zoo tshaj plaws rau koj tus menyuam, thiab nws cov txiaj ntsig thiab qhov tsis zoo yog dab tsi.
Yog tias koj tus menyuam lub retina tau tawg lawm (theem 4 lossis 5), tej zaum yuav xav tau kev kho mob ntxiv los ntawm tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb txog retina. Piv txwv li, kev phais xws li vitrectomy yuav raug pom zoo.
Kuv yuav tsum saib xyuas kuv tus menyuam li cas?
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas koj tuaj yeem ua tau ua niam txiv yog kom nco ntsoov coj koj tus menyuam mus rau txhua qhov kev kuaj mob uas tus kws kho qhov muag pom zoo rau hnub thiab sijhawm teem tseg.
Cov kev kuaj no yog tib txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws los kuaj pom ROP thaum ntxov thiab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob pom kev mus tas li hauv koj tus menyuam. Yog li ntawd, tsis txhob hla cov kev kuaj no rau txhua qhov laj thawj.
Cov menyuam mos uas tau kho mob ROP yuav tsum tau kuaj qhov muag tas li thoob plaws lawv lub neej. Qhov no tseem ceeb heev thaum lawv tseem yog menyuam yaus vim tias nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum kuaj xyuas seb puas muaj cov hlab ntsha tsis zoo rov tshwm sim dua txawm tias ntau xyoo tom qab kev kho mob tiav lawm.
Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, cov menyuam mos uas yug ua ntej lub sijhawm uas tsis muaj ROP yuav tsum tau kuaj qhov muag tas li vim tias lawv muaj feem yuav mob lwm yam kab mob qhov muag yav tom ntej. Piv txwv li:
- Amblyopia los yog qhov muag tsis muaj zog
- Strabismus los yog qhov muag sib tshuam
- Mob pob qhov muag
Nug koj tus kws kho mob seb yuav tsum tau kuaj koj tus menyuam lub qhov muag ntau npaum li cas, thiab ua haujlwm raws li lub sijhawm ntawd.
Thaum kawg, nws yog ib qho ib txwm muaj kev ntxhov siab, txhawj xeeb, thiab ntshai thaum koj pom tias koj tus menyuam muaj mob qhov muag. Qhov kev ntxhov siab no tuaj yeem loj dua yog tias koj tus menyuam muaj lwm yam teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv. Nco ntsoov, koj tus kws kho mob thiab pab pawg kho mob nyob ntawd los pab koj txhua kauj ruam ntawm txoj kev. Sau koj cov lus nug rau ntawm daim ntawv thiab coj nws nrog koj mus rau koj tus kws kho mob lub sijhawm teem tseg. Tau txais txhua cov ntaub ntawv koj xav tau kom koj tus menyuam noj qab haus huv.
Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Coj Mus Tsev
- ROP (Retinopathy of Prematurity) yog ib yam kab mob qhov muag uas tshwm sim rau cov menyuam mos uas yug ua ntej lub sijhawm.
- Feem ntau (kwv yees li 90%) tus mob no tsis hnyav heev thiab nws yuav ploj mus nws tus kheej yam tsis tas yuav kho dab tsi li.
- Tsis muaj cov tsos mob sab nraud uas cov niam txiv pom tau thaum lawv saib lawv tus menyuam. Tsuas yog tus kws kho qhov muag thiaj li kuaj tau xwb.
- Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas koj yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob kom raws sijhawm. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas koj ua tau los tiv thaiv koj tus menyuam txoj kev pom kev.
- Kev dig muag yuav tiv thaiv tau los ntawm kev kho mob raws sijhawm rau tus mob ROP hnyav.
- Tham nrog koj tus kws kho mob txog tej lus nug lossis kev ntshai uas koj muaj.
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Tsis muaj lus teb tau muab tso tawm. Ntxiv koj cov lus tawm ntawm no thawj zaug.
Ntxiv koj cov lus