Wi ɔl no aw ɔksijɛn impɔtant to wi bɔdi. Fɔ blo fayn ɛn fɔ gɛt di rayt ɔksijɛn na di blɔd rili impɔtant fɔ mek yu gɛt wɛlbɔdi. So, sɔntɛnde, dɔktɔ dɛn kin nid fɔ no ɔmɔs ɔksijɛn ɛn kabon dayɔgzayd de na yu blɔd. Na da tɛm de dɛn kin du dis tɛst we dɛn kɔl ABG (Arterial Blood Gas).
Wetin na dis ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) tɛst?
Fɔ tɔk am simpul wan, ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) tɛst na tɛst we dɛn kin yuz blɔd sɛmpul we dɛn tek frɔm yu at fɔ no ɔmɔs ɔksijɛn ɛn kabon dayɔgzayd de na yu blɔd. Tink bɔt dis, tu kayn blɔd vesel dɛn de na wi bɔdi, wan na di at, ɛn di ɔda wan na di veins. Di at dɛn kin kɛr klin blɔd we gɛt bɔku ɔksijɛn frɔm di at to di ɔda pat dɛn na di bɔdi. So, fɔ dis ABG tɛst, dɛn kin tek blɔd sɛmpul frɔm dɛn at dɛn de.
Dis tɛst nɔ jɔs de mɛzhɔ ɔksijɛn ɛn kabon dayɔgzayd, bɔt i de mɛzhɔ bak di asid-bɛs balans , ɔ pH, na yu blɔd. Nɔmal wan, wi bɔdi kin rigul di ɔksijɛn ɛn kabon dayɔgzayd we de na wi blɔd rili klos wan. if di oksijεn lεvεl na wi bכdi dכn (we wi mεdikal kכl `hypoxemia`), i kin mek wi gεt bכku siriכs prכblεm . I kin pwɛl yu bren ɛn yu at mɔ.
Di ABG tɛst de ɛp dɔktɔ dɛn fɔ ɔndastand sik dɛn we gɛt fɔ du wit yu respiratory system , circuit system , ɛn di mɛtabolik prɔses (di we aw yu kin chenj di it we yu de it to ɛnaji). Dis impɔtant mɔ we tin apin we nɔ izi fɔ du .
כda tεst de we dεn kכl "blכd gas analisis." Insay dis tɛst, dɛn kin tek blɔd sɛmpul frɔm ɛni say na di bɔdi (wan at, vein, ɔ kapilari). Bɔt we dɛn de du di ABG tɛst, dɛn fɔ tek blɔd frɔm wan at .
Dis ABG tɛst gɛt sɔm ɔda nem dɛn:
- Blɔd gas tɛst
- Di gas dɛn we de na di at na di blɔd
- ABG
- Blɔd gas analisis
Wetin ɛksaktɔli ABG tɛst kin mɛzhɔ?
Wan ABG tɛst kin tipikul fɔ mɛzhɔ:
- di כksijεn we de insay yu (O2CT) : Dis de mכsu aw bכku כksijεn de na yu bכdi.
- Ɛmoglobin : Ɛmoglobin na wan prɔtin we de insay wi rɛd blɔd sɛl dɛn we de kɛr ɔksijɛn ɔlsay na di bɔdi. Dis kin mɛzhɔ di ɔmɔs ɛmoglobin.
- כksijεn satεrayshכn (O2Sat) : Dis de mכsu aw bכku כksijεn di εmoglobin de kכri na yu bכdi.
- Patεl prεshכn fכ כksijεn (PaO2) : Dis de mכsu di prεshכn fכ כksijεn we sכlv insay yu bכdi. I de sho aw ɔksijɛn de go insay yu blɔd fayn fayn wan frɔm yu lɔng.
- Patɛl prɛshɔn fɔ kabon dayɔgzayd (PaCO2): Dis de sho aw di kabon dayɔgzayd de na yu blɔd ɛn aw dɛn de pul di kabon dayɔgzayd fayn fayn wan na yu bɔdi.
- pH (`pH`) : dis de mכsu di bεlε bitwin di asid dεm εn di bays dεm na yu bכdi. nכmal wan, di pH fכ di bכdi fכ de bitwin 7.35 εn 7.45. Ɛnitin we smɔl pas dat, dɛn kin tek am se i tu asid, ɛn ɛnitin we ay pas dat, dɛn kin tek am se i tu besik ɔ alkaline .
- Baycarbonate (`Bicarbonate - HCO3`) : Dɛn kin kɔl dis bay we dɛn yuz pH ɛn PaCO2. I de sho di amount fɔ wan bays kɔmpawnd we dɛn mek frɔm kabon dayɔgzayd.
Ustɛm dɛn kin du ABG tɛst?
Dɔktɔ dɛn kin ɔda fɔ mek dɛn du ABG tɛst pan kes dɛn lɛk dɛn wan ya:
- Imejɛnsi mɛrɛsin : Dis kin min sik ɔ aksidɛnt we nid fɔ go to dɔktɔ wantɛm wantɛm.
- Anesthesiology : Na di fild fɔ mɛrɛsin we gɛt fɔ du wit aw fɔ kia fɔ di wan dɛn we sik bifo, di tɛm we dɛn de du di ɔpreshɔn, ɛn afta dɛn du di ɔpreshɔn.
- Pulmonology : Na di fil we de tɔk bɔt sik dɛn we gɛt fɔ du wit yu respiratory system.
Dɔktɔ dɛn kin yuz ABG tɛst fɔ no bɔku tin dɛn, lɛk:
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) : Dis na wan sik we de mek pɔsin in layf de pan denja we de mek di ɔksijɛn nɔ de na di blɔd we denja. I kin kam bikɔs ɔf tin dɛn lɛk sepsis ɛn COVID-19.
- Sivεr sepsis : Sepsis na mεdikal imejensi we de mek yu layf de pan denja we yu bכdi de ansa we yu gεt infεkshכn.
- Sɛptik shɔk : Dis na tin bak we kin mek yu layf de pan denja we yu blɔd prɛshɔn kin go dɔŋ bad bad wan afta yu gɛt infekshɔn.
- Hypovolemic shock : Na imejensi kכndyushכn we di at nכ kin ebul fכ pכmp inof bכdi to di bכdi biכs fכ bכku bכku bכdi we de lכs כ lכs כda wata.
- Dayabitis-rilayt ketoacidosis (DKA) : Dis na siriɔs prɔblɛm we kin mek pɔsin in layf de pan denja we kin afɛkt pipul dɛn we gɛt dayabitis (espɛshali tayp 1 dayabitis) ɛn tayp 1 dayabitis we dɛn nɔ no. I kin mek di blɔd gɛt asid.
- Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) : pan dis kכndyushכn, yu kidni dεm nכ de pul di asid dεm frכm yu bכdi fayn fayn wan insay yu urine, we de mek yu blכd bi mכr asid.
- Akyu respiratory failure : pan dis kכndyushכn, wata kin bכku insay di ay sak dεm na yu lכng, we kin mek i at fכ di lכng fכ rilis כksijεn insay di bכdi.
- Akyu at we nɔ de wok fayn: Dis na tin we di at kin wik wantɛm wantɛm ɛn i nɔ kin wok fayn.
- Cardiac arrest : Dis na we yu at kin stɔp fɔ bit wantɛm wantɛm.
- Asma atak : Na di asma simptom dɛm we kin kam wantɛm wantɛm we di mɔsul dɛm we de rawnd di aywe dɛn tayt.
- Inborn errors of metabolism : Dis na rare, genetic (inherited) kondishכn dεm we yu bכdi nכ kin kכnvכlt it fayn fayn wan to enεji.
If yu gɛt ɛni wan pan dɛn sik ya na yu lɔng, yu dɔktɔ kin du ABG tɛst bak fɔ si if yu tritmɛnt de wok fayn:
- Asma we gɛt asma
- Kronik ɔbstrɔktiv pulmonari sik (COPD) .
- Sistik fibrosis we de mek pɔsin gɛt sik
- At sik
Udat de du di ABG tɛst?
Wan dɔktɔ we de mɛn pipul dɛn we de blo kin tek blɔd fɔ mek dɛn du ABG tɛst. Dɛn kin tek blɔd frɔm wan at we de na yu an, yu an, ɔ yu groin. Dɔn dɛnsɛf kin tɛst di blɔd sɛmpul, ɔ dɛn kin sɛn am kwik kwik wan na lɛbɔtri, usay sayɛnsman dɛn we de wok na di mɛdikal lɛbɔraytri kin tɛst di blɔd.
Wetin kin apin bifo dɛn du ABG tɛst?
Bifo di dɔktɔ we de mɛn di we aw yu de blo tek blɔd na yu an, dɛn kin du wan tɛst fɔ no aw blɔd de flɔ we dɛn kɔl Allen tɛst . Dis min se yu fɔ ol yu an ɔp wit yu an insay fist. Di dɔktɔ go prɛs di at we de na yu an fɔ sɔm sɛkɔn. Dis simpul tɛst de chɛk if ɔl tu di at dɛn na yu an de wok fayn ɛn dɛn opin.
If yu de tek sɔpɔtmɛnt ɔksijɛn tɛrapi, yu tritmɛnt pɔsin kin ɔf yu ɔksijɛn lɛk 20 minit bifo di blɔd pul. Dɛn kɔl dis tɛst fɔ mek di briz de blo na di rum . Bɔt if yu nɔ ebul fɔ blo we yu nɔ gɛt ɔda ɔksijɛn, dɛn nɔ go du dis tɛst.
Us kayn ɛkspiriɛns yu kin gɛt we yu de du di ABG tɛst?
Bɔku pan di blɔd tɛst dɛn kin tek blɔd na yu vein. Bɔt fɔ mek dɛn du ABG tɛst, di dɔktɔ we de mɛn di we aw yu de blo kin tek blɔd sɛmpul frɔm yu at . Dis na bikɔs di blɔd we de na di at gɛt bɔku ɔksijɛn pas di blɔd we de na di ven.
Di dɔktɔ we de mɛn di we aw yu de blo kin tek blɔd frɔm di raydial at we de insay yu an. Sɔntɛnde dɛn kin tek blɔd bak frɔm wan at we de na yu an (brachial artery) ɔ groin (femoral artery).
If di pikin we dɛn jɔs bɔn nid fɔ gɛt ABG tɛst, dɔktɔ kin tek blɔd frɔm di pikin in il ɔ in ɔmbilikal kɔd.
Impɔtant: Fɔ tek blɔd frɔm at, kin mek yu fil pen smɔl pas fɔ tek blɔd frɔm vein. dis na biכs di at dεm de dip insay di bכdi pas di vein dεm, εn dεn gεt nεv dεm we de rawnd dεm. Yu kin fil smɔl diziz, layt ed, ɔ nɔs we dɛn tek yu blɔd.
Dis na di step dɛm fɔ fala we yu de tek blɔd fɔ ABG tɛst:
1. Yu go sidɔm na chia ɔ ledɔm na bed. Di dɔktɔ we de mɛn di we aw yu de blo go fɛn wan at, bɔku tɛm na di insay pat na yu an. dεn kin yuz כltra saund skan (`ultrasound imaging`) bak fכ fכnshכn di at.
2. We dɛn dɔn fɛn di at, dɛn kin klin di say ɛn disinfɛkt am.
3. Dɔn dɛn go put smɔl nidul insay yu at ɛn tek blɔd sɛmpul. Yu kin fil shap pen as di nidul de go insay di at.
4. Afta dɛn dɔn put di nidul, dɛn kin gɛda smɔl blɔd insay sirinj.
5. Afta dɛn dɔn tek inof blɔd fɔ di tɛst, dɛn go pul di nidul ɛn put prɛshɔn pan di say wit kɔtɔn ɔ goz fɔ stɔp di blɔd. If yu de tek mɛrɛsin we de mek yu blɔd tan, yu go nid fɔ ol di prɛshɔn fɔ fayv to tɛn minit ɔ mɔ.
6. Dem put bandej fo di eria. Dɔn di wok dɔn.
Wetin yu kin ɛkspɛkt afta yu dɔn du ABG tɛst?
Yu kin fil sɔm brus ɛn/ɔ sɔri usay dɛn put di nidul. Yu dɔktɔ kin tɛl yu nɔ fɔ es ɛnitin we ebi fɔ 24 awa afta dɛn dɔn pul di blɔd.
Ɛni risk de wit di ABG tɛst?
If di pɔsin we de mɛn di we aw pɔsin de blo du dis tɛst kɔrɛkt wan, di ABG tɛst nɔ gɛt bɔku prɔblɛm . Ɔlman in at dɛn kin difrɛn, ɛn dɛn kin difrɛn frɔm wan say na di bɔdi to di ɔda say. So i kin tranga smɔl fɔ pul blɔd frɔm sɔm pipul dɛn pas ɔda pipul dɛn.
Di prɔblɛm dɛn we kin apin we pɔsin pul blɔd fɔ ABG tɛst rili smɔl, bɔt tin dɛn lɛk dis kin apin:
- Fɔ fil se yu diziz ɔ yu ed yu nɔ gɛt bɛtɛ trɛnk.
- Fɔ gɛt fɔ chuk di nidul bɔku tɛm fɔ fɛn di at.
- bכdi we de kכlכt (wan hεmatoma - we de kכlekt bכdi כnda di skin).
- Blɔd we de kɔmɔt pasmak.
- Infεkshכn (sכmכl risk de εni tεm we di skin brok).
Aw lɔŋ i kin tek fɔ gɛt di rizɔlt fɔ di ABG tɛst?
ABG tɛst kin gi rizɔlt kwik kwik wan . Di wan dɛn we de mɛn pipul dɛn we de blo ɛn di sayɛnsman dɛn we de na lɛbɔtri kin yuz ɔtomatik blɔd gas analayza, we kin gi di rizɔlt insay 10-15 minit.
Wetin di rizɔlt fɔ di ABG tɛst se?
Blɔd tɛst ripɔt, inklud ABG tɛst ripɔt, kin gɛt dɛn infɔmeshɔn ya:
- Di nem fɔ di blɔd tɛst ɔ wetin dɛn bin mɛzhɔ na yu blɔd.
- Di nɔmba ɔ di mɛzhɔmɛnt fɔ yu blɔd tɛst rizɔlt.
- Dat na di nɔmal mɛzhɔmɛnt rɛnj fɔ di tɛst.
- Infɔmeshɔn we de sho if yu rizɔlt nɔmal, nɔmal, ɔ ay ɔ smɔl.
If yu ABG tɛst rizɔlt nɔrmal, i kin min tin dɛm lɛk:
- Yu nɔ de gɛt inof ɔksijɛn.
- Yu nɔ de pul inof kabon dayɔgzayd.
- Yu blɔd gɛt pH imbalans (we tu asid ɔ tu alkaline).
ABG tɛst kin ɛp fɔ no sɔm sik dɛn. If yu rizɔlt nɔr nɔrmal, yu dɔktɔ kin ɔda fɔ du ɔda tɛst (lɛk ɔda blɔd tɛst ɛn/ɔ skan) fɔ kɔnfirm ɔr nɔr no if yu gɛt di sik.
Wetin na di nɔmal valyu fɔ ABG tɛst?
di nכmal rεnj kin difrεn sכmtεm frכm lab to lab. We yu gɛt yu blɔd tɛst rizɔlt, dɛn go gɛt infɔmeshɔn we de sho wetin na di nɔmal rɛnj fɔ ɛni mɛzhɔmɛnt frɔm da lab de. If yu gɛt ɛni kwɛstyɔn bɔt yu rizɔlt, mek shɔ se yu aks yu dɔktɔ .
Jɛnɛral wan, di avɛrej valyu dɛn na di si lɛvɛl na dɛn wan ya:
- pH : 7,35-7,45
- Patɛl prɛshɔn fɔ ɔksijɛn (`PaO2`) : 75 to 100 milimita mɛkkyuri (mmHg) .
- Patɛl prɛshɔn fɔ kabɔn dayɔgzayd (`PaCO2`) : 35 to 45 mmHg
- Baykabɔnɛt (`HCO3`) : 22 to 26 miliɛkwivalɛnt fɔ wan lita (mEq/L) .
- Oksijεn Satyureshכn (`O2Sat` כ `SaO2`) : 95% to 100%
We di ples ay 3,000 fit (900 mita) ɛn ɔp, di avɛrej ɔksijɛn lɛvɛl kin smɔl pasmak.
Ustɛm a fɔ go to mi dɔktɔ?
If yu gɛt wan sik we nɔ de mɛn na yu lɔng lɛk COPD ɔ asma, yu go nid fɔ go to yu dɔktɔ ɔltɛm ɛn du ABG tɛst fɔ mek shɔ se yu tritmɛnt de wok fayn fayn wan. If yu gɛt ɛni prɔblɛm we de mɔna yu we gɛt fɔ du wit yu lɔng sik, tɔk to yu dɔktɔ kwik kwik wan.
Fɔ dɔn, tin dɛn we wi fɔ mɛmba
ABG test na yusful diagnostik tul , mɔ pan sɔm imejensi sityueshɔn dɛn. Dɔktɔ dɛn kin yuz dis tɛst bak fɔ wach sɔm wɛlbɔdi prɔblɛm dɛn. If yu de du ABG tɛst, mɛmba se na difrɛn we smɔl pas di blɔd tɛst ɔltɛm, ɛn i kin mek yu fil pen smɔl. If yu gɛt ɛni kwɛstyɔn bɔt di tritmɛnt ɔ wetin fɔ ɛkspɛkt, nɔ shek fɔ aks yu dɔktɔ . Dɛn de ya fɔ ɛp yu.
` Blɔd gas tɛst, atria blɔd gas, ɔksijɛn, kabɔn dayɔgzayd, pH valyu, respiratɔri sistɛm, mɛdikal tɛst
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