Nkulamusizza! Oli otya? Leero tugenda kwogera ku bajaasi abakulu ennyo era abeewuunyisa ennyo munda mu mibiri gyaffe. Okufaananako n’abajaasi abakuuma eggwanga lyaffe, n’obutoffaali buno nabwo butukuuma ku ndwadde ezijja mu mibiri gyaffe naddala abalabe nga akawuka. Obukuumi buno obutono
tubuyita obutoffaali bwa T obutwa . Abamu era baziyita ‘killer T cells’. Totya, wadde nga balina erinnya eryo, mikwano gyaffe egy’oku lusegere!
Obutoffaali buno obuyitibwa cytotoxic T cells bwe buliwa?
Mu ngeri ennyangu, bino `(Cytotoxic T cells)`
kika kya butoffaali kya njawulo mu baserikale baffe abaserikale b’omubiri. Kiringa ekibinja kya poliisi eky'enjawulo. Omulimu gwabwe omukulu kwe kunoonya n’okusaanyaawo obutoffaali obulina akawuka ng’ebintu nga akawuka biyingidde mu butoffaali bw’omubiri gwaffe. Y'ensonga lwaki abantu abamu baziyita
`Killer T cells' . Wadde erinnya lino likambwe katono, bayamba nnyo. Teebereza, tulina akatundu akatono akayitibwa
`(Thymus)` mu maaso g'ekifuba. Wano ebika bino ebisatu eby’obutoffaali bwa T we bisinga okukolebwa.
- Obutoffaali bwa T obuyamba: Buno bwe bukola obutoffaali obulala obuziyiza endwadde ne bubagamba nti, "Wano waliwo okulwana, tandika okukola."
- Obutoffaali bwa T obulung’amya : Omulimu gwabyo kwe kufuga obutoffaali obulala obuziyiza endwadde nga bwe kyetaagisa. Kiba ng'okugamba nti, "Okay, enough is enough, stop it" ng'olutalo luwedde.
- Omukulu waffe, Cytotoxic T cells: Zino ze zigenda butereevu mu kulwana ne zisaanyaawo obutoffaali obulina akawuka.
Obutoffaali buno bwa mubiri gwaffe ogw’obusimu obuziyiza endwadde?
Nedda, ekyo toyinza kukyogera. Zino `(Cytotoxic T cells)` za kye bayita
'cell-mediated immunity' . Kitundu kya
‘adaptive immunity’ . Kati weebuuza nti, ‘Obuziyiza buno obuzaaliranwa n’obutafaali obuziyiza embeera (adaptive immunity) kye ki?’. Kilowoozeeko bw’ati:
- Obusimu obuziyiza endwadde obuzaaliranwa y’enkola y’okwekuuma ebeera mu mibiri gyaffe nga tuzaalibwa. Kiringa bbugwe w’ekigo, ng’addamu omulabe yenna mu ngeri y’emu, awatali kulonda kwonna okw’enjawulo.
- Adaptive immunity bwe buziyiza bwe tukula mpolampola nga tufunye endwadde oba ebintu ebigwira okuva ebweru. Kino kya njawulo nnyo. Kiringa eggye eritendekeddwa mu ngeri ey’enjawulo. Singa basanga omulabe gwe babadde bamanyi emabegako, bamujjukira ne bamulumba nnyo omulundi oguddako. Bwatyo bwe buno `(Cytotoxic T cells)` bwe bukola.
Kale njawulo ki eriwo wakati w’obutoffaali bwa T obutta obuwuka obuyitibwa cytotoxic cells n’obutoffaali obutta obw’obutonde?
Bino byombi bye biziyiza omubiri gwaffe, naye waliwo enjawulo entonotono mu ngeri gye bikolamu. Kilowoozeeko nga, `(Cytotoxic T cells)` bali nga bakomando abakola nga bafunye amagezi ag’enjawulo ag’obukessi. Ekyo kitegeeza, balumba ebintu nga akawuka, ekintu
Oluvannyuma lw’okukozesebwa ‘antigen’. Naye ‘Natural Killer cells’ za njawulo katono. Tezeetaaga kukola kwa njawulo okulumba butoffaali obw’obulabe. Bamala kugenda ku mulimu amangu ddala nga balabye nti ‘waliwo ekizibu’. Mu ngeri ennyangu:- Cytotoxic T cells kitundu ku adaptive immune response gye twayogeddeko emabegako.
- ``Obutoffaali bwa Natural Killer'' kitundu ku 'innate immune response'' .
Kati enjawulo eriwo wakati w’ebintu bino byombi yeeyoleka bulungi, si bwe kiri? Obutoffaali buno obuyitibwa cytotoxic T bukola butya?
Eno nkola ya kyewuunyo nnyo. Lowooza ku kino, buli `(Cytotoxic T cell)` erina ekintu eky'enjawulo ekiyitibwa `(CD8 receptor)` ku ngulu kwayo. Kiringa ekintu eky’enjawulo detective ky’alina. Kino `(CD8 receptor)` kisiba ku `(MHC Class I molecules)` ku ngulu w'obutoffaali bw'omubiri gwaffe. Zino `(Molekyulu za MHC Class I)` ziringa bendera eraga nti akatoffaali akalamu kakwatibwa. Kale, amangu ddala nga `(CD8 receptor)` eyo etegedde akatoffaali akakwatibwa, `(Cytotoxic T cells)` zaffe zikola. Olwo omulimu omutuufu ne gubaawo. Zino activated `(Cytotoxic T cells)` zikola molekyu ezenjawulo, ezikoleddwa okusaanyaawo yinfekisoni eyo. Okufaananako mizayiro ekuba ekigendererwa, egenda butereevu mu kasenge akalina akawuka n’akasaanyaawo. Kino kikendeeza ku mikisa gy’akawuka okusaasaana mu mubiri gwonna. Tekyewuunyisa obutoffaali buno obutono bwe bukola? Obutoffaali bwa T obutta obuwuka obuyitibwa cytotoxic T cells n’obutoffaali bwa T obuyambi bikolagana bitya?
Bano ababiri balinga mikwano gyabwe egy’oku lusegere ku ttiimu emu. Obutoffaali bwa T obuyamba buyamba obutoffaali obulala mu baserikale b’omubiri. Bwe bawulira nti balina yinfekisoni, bafulumya ababaka b’eddagala eriyitibwa cytokines . Cytokines zino ziringa obubaka obw'amangu obugamba obutoffaali obulala obuziyiza endwadde nti, "Waliwo ekizibu, mujje mangu." Cytokines zino ze zikola obutoffaali bwaffe obuyitibwa cytotoxic T cells ne buziyamba okulwanyisa yinfekisoni. Mu ngeri endala, obutoffaali bwa T obuyambi bugamba obutoffaali bwa T obutta obuwuka nti, "Okay, kati kiseera kyo, genda okole omulimu gwo." Endowooza eno ey’okukolagana mu ttiimu y’efuula abaserikale baffe abaserikale okukola obulungi ennyo. Obutoffaali buno obuyitibwa cytotoxic T cells busangibwa wa mu mubiri gwaffe?
Obutoffaali bwa T busooka kutandika okukula mu ‘busigo bw’amagumba’ bwaffe . Olwo, okwongera okukula, kwe kugamba, ‘okutendekebwa’, bagenda mu nseke ya `(Thymus)` gye twayogeddeko emabegako. Kiba ng’okugenda mu ssomero eritendekebwa. Mu `(Thymus)` eno mwe muli obutoffaali bwa T obukula obulungi era nga bwetegefu okukola. Olwo, `(Thymus)` etambuza obutoffaali buno mu mubiri gwonna. 'Enkola yaffe ey'amazzi'.Waliwo omuwendo omunene ogw’obutoffaali buno obwa T mu mubiri gwonna. Obutoffaali bwa T obutta obuwuka naddala buba bungi, ekitegeeza nti busangibwa mu bungi, mu bifo bino wammanga:- Obusigo bw’amagumba
- Ebyenda
- Amawuggwe
- Ensigo z’omusaayi (lymph nodes).
- Ensigo z’omu lubuto
- Tonsils eziyitibwa Tonsils
Bino bye bifo we bali bulindaala, nga beetegefu okugenda mu lutalo essaawa yonna. Waliwo endwadde zonna ezikwata obutoffaali buno obuyitibwa cytotoxic T cells?
Yee, ebyembi, waliwo endwadde eziyinza okukosa obutoffaali buno obw’omuwendo obw’okwekuuma. ‘Endwadde z’abaserikale b’omubiri’ ezimu zikosa enkola y’obutoffaali bwa T. Kino kitegeeza nti oluusi abaserikale b’omubiri baffe bennyini batandika okulumba obutoffaali bwaffe. Embeera ya nnaku nnyo. Okugatta ku ekyo, waliwo embeera endala eziwerako ezikosa obutoffaali bwa T:- Acute lymphocytic leukemia : Kino kika kya kookolo atandikira mu musaayi n’obusimu bw’amagumba.
- Adult Hodgkin lymphoma: Mu kookolo ow’ekika kino, obutoffaali bwa kookolo butandikira mu nkola y’amazzi.
- ` HIV` virus : Kano kawuka akalumba obutoffaali bwaffe obweru. Singa tebujjanjabwa, kiyinza okuvaako embeera eyitibwa `(Mukenenya) .`
- Job syndrome: Buno bulwadde bwa baserikale b’omubiri obutatera kulabika nnyo obuleeta yinfekisoni enfunda eziwera .
- Thymic aplasia: Mu mbeera eno, omuntu azaalibwa n’endwadde ya thymus eriko obuzibu, ekiziyiza obutoffaali bwa T okukula.
Mu mbeera zino, obutoffaali bwaffe obwa T tebusobola kukola bulungi mulimu gwabwo, y’ensonga lwaki kikulu nnyo okukuuma abaserikale b’omubiri nga balamu bulungi.
Bintu ki ebyangu bye tuyinza okukola okukuuma abaserikale b’omubiri nga balamu bulungi?
Mu butuufu, enkyukakyuka entonotono mu bulamu bwaffe zisobola okutuyamba ennyo mu kukuuma abaserikale b’omubiri nga banywevu. Kilowoozeeko ng’okuwa amaanyi amalungi n’embeera ennungi eri ab’ebyokwerinda baffe. Bino bye bintu ebyangu by’osobola okukola:- Weewale omwenge, oba gukendeeze nga bwe kisoboka. Okunywa omwenge omungi kinafuya abaserikale b’omubiri.
- Lya emmere ennungi ejjudde ebibala, enva endiirwa, ebinyeebwa, emmere ey’empeke, ebirungo ebizimba omubiri (nga ebyennyanja, enkoko), n’amasavu amalungi (nga ovakedo, entangawuuzi). Bino bye bituwa ebiriisa emibiri gyaffe n’obutoffaali bw’abaserikale b’omubiri bye byetaaga.
- Dduyiro buli kiseera . Mulimu dduyiro anyweza omubiri gwo, ayongera okukyukakyuka, n’okwongera ku kukuba kw’omutima (aerobic). Okutambula okumala eddakiika ezitakka wansi wa 30 olunaku ntandikwa nnungi.
- Otulo otuke bulungi waakiri essaawa musanvu ku munaana. Otulo kiwummuza omubiri n’ebirowoozo, era kiyamba n’abaserikale b’omubiri okweddaabiriza.
- Bwoba onywa ssigala , lekera awo. Okukozesa ebintu ebikolebwa mu taaba kiyinza okwonoona ennyo abaserikale b’omubiri. Bw’oba weetaaga okuyambibwa okulekayo, yogerako n’omusawo wo.
- Okwekuuma obuwuka, naaba mu ngalo buli kiseera ne ssabbuuni n’amazzi. Kino kikulu nnyo naddala nga tonnalya, ng’omaze okukozesa ekinabiro, n’oluvannyuma lw’okuva ebweru.
Bw’ogatta ebintu bino ebitonotono mu bulamu bwo, abaserikale b’omubiri bajja kufuna amaanyi mangi okukukuuma endwadde. Kale, bintu ki ebikulu bye tuyize leero? (Obubaka Obutwala Awaka)
Oboolyawo kati okitegedde nti `(Cytotoxic T cells)` ze twogeddeko leero kika kya butoffaali kikulu nnyo mu baserikale baffe. Zimu ku bika by’obutoffaali ebikulu ebikolebwa mu nseke yaffe eya `(Thymus)`. Mu ngeri ennyangu, bino bye bimu ku bintu by’olina okujjukira:- Cytotoxic T cells bakugu abalwanyisa yinfekisoni naddala yinfekisoni z’akawuka.
- Zino, awamu ne ``Helper T cells'', zikola ng'ekitundu ekikulu ennyo mu ''adaptive immunity'' yaffe .
- Endwadde ezimu ez’abaserikale b’omubiri n’embeera endala ez’obujjanjabi zisobola okukosa obutoffaali bwaffe obwa T.
- Bwe tugoberera obulamu obulungi, tusobola okukuuma abaserikale baffe nga banywevu era ne tuyamba obutoffaali buno obwa T obw’omuwendo.
Kale, kati omanyi bingi ku bukuuma buno obutonotono, naye obw’amaanyi ennyo obukukolera munda mu mubiri gwo. Buvunaanyizibwa bwo okubalabirira obulungi!
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